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GRE Psychology: Abnormal
Princeton Review 7th ed.
39
Psychology
Graduate
10/20/2009

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Term
Mental Retardation
Definition
Indicated by IQ 70 or less
Mild retardation 55-70
Moderate 40-55
severe 25-40
profound <25
Term
Learning disorders
Definition
Indicated by school achievement or standardized scores 2 sd below the mean.
Term
Developmental disorders
Definition
Autism, for example.
Term
Attention-deficit and disruptive behavior disorders
Definition
ADHD indicated by severe problems with attention, behavior, and impulsivity. Oppositional defiant disorder and conduct disorder are indicated by patterns of behavior that violate rules, normas, or the rights of others.
Term
Tic Disorders
Definition
Tourette's syndrome, for example.
Term
Elimination disorders
Definition
Nocturnal enuresis
Term
Delirium
Definition
Indicated by disturbed consciousness (awareness, attention, and focus) and cognition (memory, disorientation)
Term
Dementia
Definition
Cognitive problems that result from a medical condition (Alzheimer's).
Term
Schizophrenia (dementia praecox)
Definition
Renamed by Eugene Bleuler. Meaning "split mind". Symptoms from may be positive (abnormally present) or negative (abnormally absent). Positive solutions include delusions; perceptual hallucinations; disorganized speech; disorganized speech; disorganized behavior. Negative include flat effect or restrictions in thought, actions, or behaviors.

Onset is between late adolescence and the mid-30s. Process schizophrenia develops gradually, whereas reactive schizophrenia develops in response to a particular event. Process has a lower rate of recovery. Generally, a person with a good social and interpersonal skill history is more likely to recover.

Cause is partially physicological. Acording to the diathesis-stress theory, schizophrenia results from a predisposition paired with an external stressor. Excessive dopamine is most associated.
Term
Five main types of schizophrenia
Definition
Paranoid: indicated by preoccupations with delusions and auditory hallucinations; disorganized: indicated by disorganized speech and behavior, and flat affect; catatonic: indicated by catalepsy, motor activeity, prominant posturing, and echopraxia; undifferentiated: a grab bag; residual: watered down with few positive symptoms, if any.
Term
Schizoaffective disorder
Definition
Schizophrenic symptoms accompanying a depressive episode.
Term
Delusional disorder
Definition
Persistent delusions of various types: erotomanic, grandiose, jealousy, persecutory, and somatic.
Term
Shared psychotic disorder
Definition
When two people have shared delusions.
Term
Major depressive disorder
Definition
Depressive episode; symptoms last for a least two weeks.
Term
Dysthymic disorder
Definition
Symptoms of major depressive disorder are present more days than not for two years.
Term
Bipolar disorder
Definition
Indicated by depressive symptoms alternated with manic ones.
Term
Panic disorder
Definition
Recurrent panic attacks and persistent worry about another attack; often accompanied by a mitral valve heart problem.
Term
Agoraphobia
Definition
Feat of a situation in which panic symptoms might arise and escape would be difficult.
Term
Phobia
Definition
Unreasonble, intense anxiety symptoms anchored to a stimulus. Specific is specific (duh) and social phobia pertains to performance in social situations.
Term
OCD
Definition
Characterized by obsessions or compulsions. Typical obsessions might be locking the door, while compulsions may be checking behvaior, praying, couting, or hand washing.
Term
PTSD
Definition
Exposure to trauma that results in decreased ability to function and recurrent thoughts about the trauma.
Term
Conversion disorder
Definition
Psychological problems are converted to bodily symptoms. Generally relate to voluntary movement and may be manifested as paralysis; known as hysteria in Freud's work.
Term
Hypochondriasis
Definition
Irrational concern about having a serious disease.
Term
Factitious disorder
Definition
Creating physical complaints through fabrication or self-infliction in order to assume the sick role.
Term
Tardive dyskinesia
Definition
Results from long term use of neuroleptics. Characterized by involuntary repetitive movements of the tongue, jaw, or extremities.
Term
Cretinism
Definition
Mental retardation caused by iodine deficiency.
Term
Phenylketonuria
Definition
Infant disease related to excess amino acids.
Term
Tay-Sachs disease
Definition
Genetic deficiency of hexosaminidase A. Sufferes have symptoms that resemble schizophrenia or dementia.
Term
Klinefelter's syndrome
Definition
A male with one Y and two X chromosomes.
Term
Reactive depression
Definition
Depression from events; similar to Seligman's idea of learned helplessness.
Term
Thomas Szasz (critic of schizophrenia)
Definition
Viewed schizophrenic world as misunderstood or artistic. Against treatment.
Term
Depressive realism
Definition
Refers to the finding that depressed people tend to be more realistic about life.
Term
Schizophrenogenic mother
Definition
Refers to the type of mother who supposedly causes children to become schizophrenic. Coined by Fromm and Reichmann.
Term
David Rosenhan (doctor study)
Definition
Send normal pseudopatients to the hosptial. Their normal behavior was twisted to fit the diagnosis.
Term
Life event stress
Definition
Results from large, sudden changes or problems.
Term
Korsakoff's syndrome
Definition
Caused by vitamin B deficiency is the loss of memory and orientations.
Term
Wernicke's syndrome
Definition
Caused by thiamine deficiency, is characterized by memory problems and eye dysfunctions.
Term
Fugue
Definition
Suddenly fleeing to a new location, and assuming a new identity.
Term
Identity disorder
Definition
Assumption of two or more idenities that control behavior in different situations.
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