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Gov Vocab
Vocab from Chapters 1, 2 & 3
47
History
12th Grade
09/13/2009

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Term
Power
Definition
The ability of one person to gt another person to act in accordance with the first person's intentions.
Term
Authority
Definition
The right to use power.
Term
Legitimacy
Definition
Political authority conferred by law or by state or national constitution.
Term
Democracy
Definition
The rule of many.
Term
Direct or participatory democracy
Definition
A government in which all or most citizens participate directly.
Term
Representative democracy
Definition
A government in which leaders make decisions by winning a competitive strugle for the popular vote.
Term
Elite
Definition
Person who posses a disproportionate share of some valued resource, like money or power.
Term
Marxisit view
Definition
View that government is dominated by capitilists.
Term
Power elite view
Definition
View that government is dominated by a few top leaders, most of whom are outside of government.
Term
Bureaucratic view
Definition
View that government is dominated by appointed officials.
Term
Pluralist view
Definition
The belief that competition among all affectedninterests shapes public policy.
Term
Unalianable
Definition
A human right based on nature or God.
Term
Articles of Confederation
Definition
A weak constitution that governed America during the Revolutionary War.
Term
Constitutional convention
Definition
Meeting in Philadelphia in 1787 that produced a new constitution.
Term
Shay's Rebellion
Definition
A 1787 rebellion in which ex-Revolutionary War soldiers attempted to prevent foreclosures of farms as a result of high interest rates and taxes.
Term
Virginia plan
Definition
Proposal to create a strong National government.
Term
New Jersey Plan
Definition
Proposal to create a weak national government.
Term
Great Compromise
Definition
Plan to have a popularly elected House based on state population and a state-selected Senate, with two members from each state.
Term
Republic
Definition
A government in which elected representatives make the decisions.
Term
Judicial Review
Definition
The power of courts to declare laws unconstitutional.
Term
Federalism
Definition
Government authority shared by national and state governments.
Term
Checks and balances
Definition
Authority shared by three branches of government.
Term
Enumerated powers
Definition
National government power.
Term
Reserved powers
Definition
State power.
Term
Concurrent power
Definition
Shared power.
Term
Seperation of powers
Definition
Constitutional authority shared by three different branches of government.
Term
Faction
Definition
A group with a distinct political interest.
Term
Federalists
Definition
Those who favor a stronger national government.
Term
Antifederalists
Definition
Those who favor a weaker national government.
Term
Coalition
Definition
An alliance of factions
Term
Habeas corpus
Definition
An order to produce an arrested person before a judge.
Term
Bill of attainder
Definition
A law that declares a person, without a trial, to be guilty of a crime.
Term
Ex post facto law
Definition
A law that makes an act criminal although the act was legal when it was commited.
Term
Bill of rights
Definition
First ten ammendments to the constitution.
Term
Line-item veto
Definition
An executive's ability to block a particular provision in a bill passed by the legislature.
Term
Devolution
Definition
The effort to transfer responsibility for many. Public programs and services from the federal government to the states.
Term
Block grants
Definition
Money from the national governments that states can spend within broad guidelines determined by Washington.
Term
Necessary and proper clause
Definition
Section of constitution that allows congress to pass all laws "necessary and proper" to it's duties, and which has permitted congress to exercise powers not specifically given to it (enumerated) by the constitution.
Term
Nullification
Definition
The doctrine that a state can declare null and void a federal law that, in the states opinion, violates the constitution.
Term
Dual Federalism
Definition
Doctrine holding that the national government is supreme in it's sphere, the states are supreme in theirs, and the two spheres should be kept seperate.
Term
Police power
Definition
State power to enact laws promoting health, safety and morals.
Term
Initiative
Definition
Process that permits voters to put legislative measures directly on the ballot.
Term
Referendum
Definition
Procedure enabling voters to reject a measure passed by legislature.
Term
Recall
Definition
Procedure whereby voters can remove an elected official from the office.
Term
Grants-in-aid
Definition
Money given by the national government to the states.
Term
Categorical grants
Definition
Federal grants for specific purposes, such as building an airport.
Term
Revenue sharing
Definition
Federal sharing of a fixed percentage of it's revenue with the states.
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