Shared Flashcard Set

Details

GI8 Overview of the Liver
Questions and stuff
27
Medical
Graduate
01/24/2012

Additional Medical Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
The portal vein, containing deoxygenated, nutrient-rich blood, enters the liver at ____ L/min.
Definition
1
Term
Oxygenated blood from hepatic a. enters liver at ____ L/min.
Definition
~0.5
Term
Why is the liver like a sponge?
Definition
full of capillary nets & very porous
Term
Space of Disse
Definition
interstitial space where lymph is collected
Term
Bile is produced in ______ and exits through the ______.
Definition
hepatocytes, bile duct
Term
Kupffer cells
Definition

macrophages on the walls of the sinusoids

phagocytose foreign toxins

Term

Blood returns to IVC at a pressure of less than ____ mmHg.

Why?

Definition

1 mmHg

It must be this low to maintain free flow of blood out of liver.

Term
What happens if pressure increases in the hepatic vein?
Definition
Blood flow disruption -> hepatomegaly, ascites, jaundice
Term
How is ascites caused?
Definition
increased hepatic vein pressure causes increased liver capillary hydrostatic pressure, forcing fluid out into peritoneal cavity.
Term
How is jaundice caused?
Definition

increased bilirubin concentration (end product of RBC degradation)

bilirubin can be excreted in urine or incorporated into bile

Term
Obstructive jaundice
Definition

Bile movement is blocked, entering blood instead of incorporation into bile.

Cirrhosis, gallstones, cancer, hepatitis

Term
Hemolytic jaundice
Definition

Bilirubin production exceeds excretion

malaria, sickle cell, spherocytosis

Term
The liver has insulin-independent GLUT2 transporters (like intestines/brain), allowing for
Definition
high capacity transport of glucose into cells.
Term

What are primary bile acids?

Where are they synthesized?

Where do they travel?

Definition

bile conjugated with taurin/glycine

hepatocytes

through the canaliculi and common bile duct into the duodenum

Term
Describe the process of bile secretion.
Definition

chyme enters duodenum

CCK contracts gallbladder

Sphincter of Oddi relaxes

bile secreted

fats emulsified

pancreatic lipase digests into constituents

constituents combine with bile forming a micelle

Term
How does bile act as an osmotic agent?
Definition

pulls water with it when secreted into canaliculi

Na, Cl, HCO3 also come out with the water

buffers the chyme

Term
How is bile recycled?
Definition

transporters in the terminal ileum bring primary bile back into portal system, recycling it 3-5 times per meal.

still a 10% loss in excrement

Term
State the major functions of the liver.
Definition

Regulation of protein, carb, lipid metabolism

Regulation of cholesterol production & excretion

B-Oxidation of fatty acids

Bile acid production

Degradation of hormones

Detox & excretion of drugs/toxins

Vitamin storage

Term
The portal vein is part of the _____ circulation, which is the vasculature around the intestines, liver and spleen.
Definition
splanchnic
Term
How is ascites different from edema?
Definition

fluid in edema is in interstitial space

in ascites it's in the peritoneal cavity

Term
What happens when carb metabolism is compromised?
Definition
Liver helps maintain blood glucose levels. They would rise 3x normal if it didn't. You would also run out of energy quickly.
Term
What happens if the liver can't metabolize proteins?
Definition
you die within days from toxicity. it's essential for survival. 
Term
Bile acids are formed from a cholesterol backbone. Which liver function is necessary for this?
Definition
lipid metabolism
Term
In the liver, bile acids can be conjugated with _____ to form primary conjugated bile salts.
Definition
taurine or glycine
Term
What's the composition of a bile solid?
Definition

sterol backbone (from cholesterol)

bile acids (lipophilic)

bile salts (amphipathic emulsifiers)

cholesterol

protein

waste (bilirubin, etc)

Term
What is enterohepatic circulation?
Definition
importance of the distal ileum in bile recycling
Term
_____ is the major end product of hemoglobin degradation.
Definition
Bilirubin
Supporting users have an ad free experience!