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GI10 Embryology of Gut Organs
Questions and stuff
33
Medical
Graduate
01/28/2012

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Cards

Term
Despite being distal, the transverse colon is _____ to the more proximal regions of the small intestine.
Definition
anterior
Term
The cloaca is what kind of gut derivative?
Definition
It's not, dumbass.
Term
The liver/pancreas bud is the most _____ structure of the foregut.
Definition
caudal
Term
The ventral mesentery connects the stomach to the liver and becomes the 
Definition
lesser omentum
Term
The dorsal mesenterty connects the stomach to the posterior body wall and becomes the
Definition
greater omentum
Term
The _____ intersegmental arteries (paired) give rise to the posterior intercostal arteries.
Definition
dorsal
Term
The _____ intersegmental arteries (paired) supply the mesenephric kidneys and eventually give rise to the renal arteries.
Definition
lateral
Term
The _____ segmental arteries (not paired) supply the gut.
Definition
ventral
Term
The dorsal mesentery is present from the diaphragm down to the rectum, but only the _____ has a ventral mesentery.
Definition
foregut
Term
The liver grows in the ventral mesentery and subdivides it into two sections. The more anterior portion connects the liver to the anterior body wall and becomes the _____.
Definition
falciform ligament
Term

The posterior piece of the ventral mesentery connects the liver to the stomach and duodenum, forming the lesser omentum.

The lesser omenutm consists of the _____ and _____ ligament.

Definition
hepatogastric ; hepatoduodenal
Term

The free edge of the ventral mesentery will extend to the umbilicus, containing the umbilical vein.

The umbilical vein becomes the ligamentum ______.

Definition
teres hepatis - round ligament
Term
As the gut tube is brought back into the body (from the umbilical cord) it rotates, causing the distal portion (colon) to move _____ to the proximal part (small intestine).
Definition
anterior
Term
The _____ artery creates an axis around which the gut tube will rotate as it comes back into the body.
Definition
superior mesenteric
Term
The outfolding of the gut tube rotates _____ if you face the patient.
Definition
counterclockwise
Term
Meckel's diverticulum
Definition

congenital disorder

gut tube does not properly return into abdominal cavity from umbilical cord

Term
The liver is very large in the embryo because of its role as the primary _____ organ.
Definition
hematopoietic
Term
As the liver develops, the _____ supplies the mesenchyme (stroma and structure) and the _____ cells become the metabolic and functional tissue.
Definition
ventral mesentery ; endothelial
Term
The pancreas starts out as a _____.
Definition
dorsal and ventral bud
Term
The majority of the pancreas is derived from the _____ bud.
Definition
dorsal
Term
If the ventral pancreatic bud doesn't rotate properly to join the dorsal bud, the pancreas will form a ring around the duodenum known as an _____. This can potentially enlarge and block the SI lumen.
Definition
annular pancreas
Term
The pancreas develops like the respiratory tree, with ____ defining the branching patterns and _____ defining the functionality.
Definition
mesenchyme ; endothelium
Term
Notch active cells are stimulated by the foregut to differentiate into _____ cells that produce all of the digestive enzymes needed for food processing.
Definition
exocrine
Term
Notch inactive cells are stimulated by VEGF/local vasculature to differentiate into _____ cells that will produce pancreatic hormones.
Definition
endocrine
Term
The _____ fold and the _____ fold create the urorectal septum.
Definition
Tourneux ; Right Rathke
Term

A coelum is a cavity lined by an epithelium that is derived from mesenchyme (mesoderm).

They are potential spaces.

If they are not surrounded by mesoderm, then it is _____

Definition
not a coelum!
Term
In order from closest to farthest to the notochor/neural tube, name the 3 mesoderms.
Definition

Paraxial mesoderm (closest)

Intermediate mesoderm

Lateral plate mesoderm (farthest)

Term
Paraxial mesoderm gives rise to the _____.
Definition
somites
Term
The _____ mesoderm gives rise to the kidneys and gonads.
Definition
intermediate
Term
The lateral mesoderm splits into the _____ and _____ mesoderm, with the space between them becoming a coelom.
Definition
Somatic ; Splanchnic
Term
What 4 things contribute to the diaphragm?
Definition

Septum transversum

Mesentery of the esophagus

Pleuroperitoneal membranes & Mesonephric kidneys (capsule)

Posterior body wall

Term
The pleuropericardial membrane is formed by the intususseption of the _____ vein.
Definition
common cardinal
Term
The _____ nerve is associated with the common cardinal vein, which causes it to be dragged into the region of the pericardial sac.
Definition
phrenic
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