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GI stuff
JJC Vet Tech 111
71
Veterinary Medicine
Undergraduate 1
03/17/2014

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Cards

Term
Always advise any client that calls with V/D to bring in what?
Definition
stool sample
Term
vomiting vs regurgitation
Definition
V: forcible expulsion of stomach contents
R: backward flowing of undigested food
Term
small bowel vs large bowel diarrhea
Definition
SB: liquid, regular freq, usu lg vol, melena
LB: semi-formed, increased freq, sm vol, frank, mucus
Term
Info to collect in Hx
Definition
-describe v/d
-freq, duration, consistency
-recent diet changes
-recent Hx chewing
-recent stress or travel
-linear objects / string
Term
Megaesophagus can be ___ or ___.
Definition
congenital or acquired
Term
Increased incidence of megaesophagus in...
Definition
Great Danes, German Shepherds, Irish Setters
Term
CS of megaesophagus:
Definition
Regurgitation
Weight loss
Chronic resp infections
Fetid breath
Panting/agitation after eating
Term
How to Dx megaesophagus?
Definition
-rads
-esophagram
-fluoroscopy
Term
How to perform an esophagram?
Definition
-lateral recumbency
-give barium
-take rad immediately
Term
How to Tx megaesophagus?
Definition
-feed from elevated platform
-frequent small meals
-use consistency of food best tolerated
-broad spectrum Abx during URIs
-Sx if severe - not that successful
Term
GDV
Definition
gastric dilitation and volvulus
Term
One of the leading causes of death in large or giant breed dogs is...
Definition
GDV
Term
Define what GDV is.
Definition
-acute distension of stomach with fluid/gas/ingesta
-stomach flips and occludes esophagus/duodenum -> cuts off circ
Term
What causes GDV?
Definition
Exact cause unknown, but contributing factors include:
-lg meals, esp dry food
-change in diet
-ingesting lg amt H2O
-post prandial exercise
-V, or abd pressure f/coughing
-close relative w/Hx GDV
Term
CS of GDV?
Definition
- +/- shock
-abdominal tympany and distension
-MM hyperemic
-arched back / painful abd
-unproductive retching
-excessive salivation
-dyspnea
-lethargy
-cyanosis
Term
The stomach is normally on the ___ side of the body.
Definition
left
Term
How to Tx GDV?
Definition
-treat shock
-rads to be sure of Dx
-gastric decompression
-EKG
-Sx - gastropexy
Term
What is the name of the surgery that may be used to treat and prevent GDV?
Definition
gastropexy
Term
How to perform gastric decompression?
Definition
-lg tube down esophagus
-trocharization w/18ga needle behind ribs on R side
Term
Of the patients that die after Tx for GDV, ___% die within the first ___ days after Sx.
Definition
95% die within first 4 days
Term
Complications of GDV?
Definition
-arrhythmia
-circulatory collapse
-recurrent bloat
-ischemic necrosis
Term
Monitoring a GDV patient post-op?
Definition
-circulation
-urine output
-arrhythmia
-gastric distension
Term
What drugs may be given to a GDV patient post-op?
Definition
-GI motility drugs (Reglan aka metaclopramide, Cerenia
Term
When can a post-op GDV patient start eating again?
Definition
-NPO 24 hrs
-water
-gruel 48 hrs
-solids 72 hrs
Term
Client education points re: GDV:
Definition
-it WILL recur
-feed frequent, small meals
-soak food prior to feeding
-avoid excessive water intake
Term
Pancreatitis is most likely to affect...
Definition
Dogs: Five, Fat, Female

-rare in cats
Term
CS of pancreatitis?
Definition
-acute vomiting
-depression +/- fever
-very painful
Term
How to Dx pancreatitis?
Definition
-Chem: ^AMLY ^Lipase
-Rads to rule out FB, neoplasia
-US to rule out other stuff
Term
How to Tx pancreatitis?
Definition
MILD:
-NPO 24-72 hrs
-fluids (IV best)
-anti-emetics
-Fentanyl patch / analgesics NPO

SEVERE:
-all above
-IV Abx (Cephazalin sloooow IV)
-No food 3-5d after V stops
Term
Repeated bouts of pancreatitis can lead to what diseases / disorders?
Definition
diabetes, exocrine pancreatic insufficiency
Term
EPI
Definition
Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency
Term
How to Tx EPI?
Definition
enzyme granules like Pro-Zyme- add to food for rest of life
Term
What is the term for when part of the intestines telescopes upon itself?
Definition
intusseception
Term
Intusseception often occurs in what group?
Definition
parvo puppies
Term
CS of intusseception?
Definition
-inappetance
-vomiting
Term
How to Dx intusseception?
Definition
-palpation
-barium study
-exploratory Sx
Term
How to Tx intusseception?
Definition
Sx with plication (tack in place with sutures)
Term
How to Dx bacterial overgrowth?
Definition
Dx with fecal smear or culture
Term
What is "garbage gut"?
Definition
animal eats from garbage can, has weird GI problems
Term
Failure of what organs may cause V/D?
Definition
liver, kidneys
Term
How to Tx colitis?
Definition
-bland diet
-lots of fibers
-may need long-term Abx/steroids
Term
How to Dx constipation?
Definition
-palpation
-rads
Term
How to Tx constipation?
Definition
-enemas
-increase fiber
-pro-motility drugs (Reglan aka metaclopramide)
Term
Anti-emetics to know:
Definition
Centrine (aminopentamide)
Reglan (metoclopramide)
Cerenia
Term
Anti-diarrheals to know:
Definition
Centrine (aminopentamide)
Pepto Bismol (bismuth coats, salicylate lowers secretions)
Term
Antispasmodic to know:
Definition
Centrine (aminopentamide)
Term
Abx to know:
Definition
metronidazole
Term
Types of intubation:
Definition
-orogastric
-nasogastric
-esophagostomy
-gastrotomy
Term
Never place a nasogastric tube in...
Definition
kittens or cats with obstructed nasal passage
Term
What tube to use for nasogastric tube?
Definition
-infant feeding tube
-21ga butterfly cath with needle cut off
Term
What should you do before inserting a nasogastric tube?
Definition
-few drops topical ophthalmic anesthetic in nostril
Term
How should animal be positioned for gastric lavage?
Definition
-begin in sternal recumb, head upright
-once stomach is full, LL recumb with head lowered
Term
TPN
Definition
Total Parenteral Nutrition
Term
TPN should only be administered after...
Definition
-rehydration
-electrolyte replacement
-acid/base balance
Term
A candidate for TPN is an animal who has been off food for ____.
Definition
3-5 days
Term
TPN contains what 3 things?
Definition
dextrose, amino acids, lipids
Term
If TPN is administered too quickly, what might occur?
Definition
rebound hypoglycemia
Term
Recommended dose of activated charcoal for most animals?
Definition
1-3g/kg
Term
Don't induce emesis in...
Definition
-rat/rabbit/horse/bird
-recently abd Sx patient
-unconscious/seizuring patient
-corrosive ingestion
Term
Having one's "stomach pumped" refers to...
Definition
gastric lavage
Term
Emetics to know?
Definition
-apomorphine - place in conjunctival sac and flush after emesis
-fresh H2O2
Term
To perform gastric lavage, patient must be ___ and have ___.
Definition
sedated, inflated ET tube
Term
How to measure a bloat tube?
Definition
from tip of nose to 9th intercostal space
Term
Dose for H2O2 as emetic?
Definition
1ml/#
Term
Continue gastric lavage until...
Definition
egress is clear
Term
How to use 2 tubes to perform gastric lavage:
Definition
little tube inside big tube
-lavage solution goes in little tube
-stomach contents go out big tube
Term
Go toward the animal's ___ side when inserting an orogastric tube.
Definition
animal's left
Term
Supplies needed for orogastric intubation?
Definition
-red rubber tube
-mouth gag
-at least 2 catheter tip syringes
-lube
Term
During starvation, what organ does not experience cell loss?
Definition
-brain
Term
Signs of poor nutritional status?
Definition
-asscites
-thin, dry haircoat
-muscle wasting over bony prominences
-low body condition score
Term
Best energy sources for animals with stress starvation?
Definition
fat and protein
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