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GI Self Study 1 Stomach-5
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49
Accounting
Pre-School
10/11/2012

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Cards

Term
Five anatomical regions of the stomach
Definition
Cardia
Fundus
Body
Antrum
Pylorus
Term
Two compartments of the gastric mucosa
Definition
Foveolar(leaflike)
Glandular (deeper)
Term
the only cells found in the cardia glands
Definition
mucus secreting
Term
Oxyntic glands are found in
Definition
fundus and body
Term
Antral or pyloric glands are
Definition
mucus secreting and endocrine cells
Term
inflammation of the gastric mucosa
Definition
gastritis
Term
gastritis with predominant neutrophilic infiltrate
Definition
acute gastritis
Term
gastritis with a predominant lymphocytes and plasma cells
Definition
chronic gastritis
Term
Etiological factors associated with acute gastritis
Definition
NSAIDS
alcohol
smoking
stress
uremia
cancer chemo
Term
Etiological factors associated with chronic gastritis
Definition
H. pylori
gastric hyperacidity
Autoimmune
Alcohol/tobacco
Radiation
Term
Clinical features of acute gastritis
Definition
Asymptomatic
variable pain
nausea/vomiting
hematemese, melena, fatal blood loss
Term
the most important etiological factor in chronic gastritis
Definition
H. pylori in 90% of patients
Term
Traits of H. pylori
Definition
G-, flagella, urease, adhesion, express cagA and vacA associated with duodenal ulcers
Term
H. pylori does not invade gastric
Definition
epithelium
Term
Morphology of Chronic gastritis
Definition
Inflammation of antrum, body, fundic
thinned mucosa
lymphocytes and plasma cells in lamina propia
increased mitosis
intestinal metaplasia
atrophic changes
Long standing chronic gastritis dysplastic changes
Term
Chronic gastritis can lead to two development problems
Definition
peptic ulcers and gastric carcinoma
Term
A breach in the mucosa of the alimentary tract, which extends through the MUSCULARIS MUCOSAE into the submucosa or deeper
Definition
Peptic ulcer disease
Term
Peptic ulcers occur in
Definition
duodenum and stomach 4:1
Term
Biological risk factors for peptic ulcers
Definition
>30
Blood group O of duodenum
EtoH cirrhosis of duodenum
M>F
Term
produced by an imbalance between the gastroduodenal mucosal defense mchanisms and the damaging forces
Definition
Peptic ulcers
Term
Damaging forces of Peptic ulcers
Definition
NSAIDS, alcohol, smoking, aspirin, gastric hyperacidity, duodenal-gastric reflux
Term
Defensive forces of Peptic ulcers
Definition
Surface mucus, Bicarb, mucosal blood flow, prostaglandins,epithelial regenerative
Term
4 factors of how H. pylori destroys mucosal defense
Definition
1. protease breaks down glycoproteins of mucosa
2. phospholipase damages epithelial cells
3. neutrophil myeloperoxidase destroying cells
4. damage to mucosa release nutrients to allow h.pylori to thrive
Term
Most duodenal ulcers near
Definition
pyloric ring on anterior wall
Term
gastric ulcers located
Definition
along lesser curvature
Term
Clinical aspects of peptic ulcers
Definition
Epigastric burning pain
Pain worse at night or after meal
Relieved by alkalis
Term
growth factor overexpression in superficial gastric epithelium, encountered in males in 40-60s
Definition
Menetrier Disease
Term
Hypertrophic changes in body-fundus, or antrum producing wt loss, diarrhea, bleeding. Causes little to no hydrochloric acid due to glandular atrophy. Increase risk of gastric carcinoma
Definition
Menetrier Disease
Term
Morphology includes irregular enlargement of gastric rugae and polypoid changes, hyperplasia of foveolar mucous cells, diffuse and patchy glandular atrophy, hypoplasia of parietal and chief cells
Definition
Menetrier disease
Term
Any nodule or mass that projects above the level of the surrounding mucosa. Mass lesions arising from the mucosa
Definition
Polyp
Term
Majority of gastric polyps are (90%)
Definition
non neoplastic and hyperplastic
Term
True dysplasia is not present. most are small located in antrum. seen most frequently in chronic gastritis
Definition
polyps
Term
Constitutes 5-10% of polypoid lesions in the stomach. Contains proliferative dysplastic epithelium and thereby has malignant potential. Can be sessile or predunuculated. 3-4cm in size. increase with age
Definition
Gastric Adenomas
Term
Environmental factors associated with gastric carcinoma
Definition
Nitrites
smoked, salty, pickled food
smoking
low socioeconomic status
Term
Host factors associated with gastric carcinoma
Definition
chronic gastritis
h. pylori
partial gastrectomy
gastric adenomas
barret esophagus
Term
Genetic association of gastric carcinoma
Definition
Blood group A
Family history
Hereditary nonpolyposis Colon cancer syndrom
Term
Two types of gastric carcinoma morphology
Definition
intestinal or diffuse
Term
Gastric CA is classified on the basis of
Definition
1. depth of invasion
2. macroscopic growth pattern
3. histology or cell type
Term
Early gastric CA confined to
Definition
mucosa and submucosa
Term
Late gastric CA extends into
Definition
muscular wall
Term
Growth pattern more commonly seen with tumors of intestinal morphology
Definition
Exophytic
Term
growth pattern in diffuse type with infiltrative growth pattern
Definition
Flat or depressed
Term
growth pattern of Shallow or deeply erosive crator present in the wall of the stomach
Definition
Excavated
Term
a broad region of the gastric wall or the entire stomach is infiltrated by malignancy, creating a rigid, thickened, leather bottle termed
Definition
linitis plastica
Term
Gastric carcinomas frequently metastasize to the
Definition
supraclavicular sentinel (Virchow) node
Term
Gastric metastasis to the periumbilical region forms a subcautaneous nodule called
Definition
Sister Mary Joseph Nodule
Term
Gastric Metastatic adenocarcinoma to the ovaries is referred to as a
Definition
Krukenberg
Term
Represents 5% of all gastric malignancies
Definition
Gastric lymphoma usually associated with MALToma
Term
Translocation of gastric lymphoma
Definition
t11;18 CD23 (-)
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