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GI meds
OU Nursing
26
Pharmacology
Undergraduate 3
11/16/2011

Additional Pharmacology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Peptic Ulcer Disease
Definition
- erosion of gastric/duodenal wall
- back diffusion of HCL and digestive enzymes
- H. pylori
Term
Histamine 2 Receptor Antagonists
- 3 kinds
- what do they do
Definition
1) cimetidine (tagamet)
2) ranitidine (zantac)
3) famotidine (pepcid)

- suppress secretion of gastric acid and H ion concentration
Term
cimetidine (tagamet)
Definition
PO, IM, IV

USES:
gastric, duodenal ulcers
Zollinger Ellison syndrome
Aspiration pneumonitis - during surgery when they aspirate; H2 blocker before surgery will increase the acidity so its not as bad if they do aspirate
Heartburn, acid indigestion, sour stomach

AE:
antiadrenergic**
CNS effects
pneumonia

INTRXNS: warfarin, dilantin, theophylline, lidocaine
- these impair the enzyme in the liver that breaks these drugs down; increased levels of these
Term
ranitidine (zantac)
Definition
more potent that cimetidine

USES:
short-term gastric, duodenal ulcer tx
prophylaxis for recurrent duodenal ulcers
Zollinger Ellison - preferred tx
GERD

AE: fewer than tagamet
CNS effects rare
NO adrenergic effects
Term
Proton Pump Inhibitors
Definition
esomeprazole (nexium)
lansoprazole (prevacid)
omeprazole (prilosec)

most effective in suppressing gastric acid secretion
inhibit H, K, ATPase (proton pump) - enzyme that generates gastric acid

USES: gastric, duodenal ulcers; GERD
Term
omeprazole (prilosec)/lansoprazole (prevacid)
Definition
prodrug
acid labile - broken down in acid

USES:
short term tx duodenal ulcers, gastric ulcers, erosive esophagitis, GERD
long term tx Zollinger Ellison

AE:
minor - HA, diarrhea, N/V
gastric cancer - bc proton pump inhibits acid secretion
hip fracture - bc we increase the pH, we don't absorb Ca as well, increasing osteoporosis

INTRXNS: all reduce absorption
atazanavir - antiviral for HIV/AIDS
ketoconazole/itraconazole
Term
esomeprazole (nexium)
Definition
USES:
erosive esophagitis
GERD
duodenal ulcers assoc'd w/H. pylori
prophylaxis of NSAID induced ulcers

AE: HA, diarrhea, nausea, flatulence, abdominal pain, dry mouth
long term use - osteoporosis, fractures
Term
sucralfate (carafate)
Definition
anti-ulcer med
protective barrier against acid and pepsin
sticky gel that adheres to ulcer crater
- barrier to back diffusion of gastric acid/pepsin; instead of secreting, stomach is taking it in so we get erosion in wall of stomach/duodenum

USES: acute and maintenance therapy of duodenal ulcers; can also heal gastric ulcers

AE: constipation in 2%

INTRXNS: give 2 hrs apart of these - absorption impaired if not
antacids, dilantin, theophylline, digoxin, warfarin, fluoroquinolone
Term
Antacids
Definition
increase pH = more alkaline compounds that neutralize stomach acids
USES: PUD, GERD
AE: constipation, diarrhea, Na-loading (prob for CV, HTN)
INTRXNS: cimetidine, ranitidine, sucralfate
Term
magnesium hydroxide (Milk of Magnesia)
Definition
AE: diarrhea, CNS depression in pt w/renal impairment
Term
aluminum hydroxide (Amphogel)
Definition
contains sig amt of Na
binds to pepsin, may facilitate ulcer healing
AE: constipation, hypophosphatemia
INTRXNS: reduced effects
tetracyclines, warfarin, digoxin
Term
calcium carbonate (Tums)
Definition
acid rebound
AE: constipation, belching, flatulence (all bc excess CO2), milk alkali syndrome
Term
Bulk Forming Laxatives
Definition
methylcellulose (citracel), psyllium (metamucil)
act like dietary fiber - non-digestible, non-absorbable
swells in H2O
USES: temp tx constipation, diverticulosis, IBS, diarrhea, ileostomy, colostomy
Term
methylcellulose (citracel)/psyllium (metamucil)
Definition
AE: esophageal/intestinal obstruction, impaction

administer w/full glass of water!!
Term
Surfactant Laxatives
Definition
docusate sodium (colace)
soft stool days after tx
lowers surface tension, inhibits fluid absorption, stims secretion of H2O into intestines

admin w/full glass of water!!
Term
senna (Ex-Lax)
Definition
stims intestinal motility - peristalsis
increases amt of water in intestines
stool in 6-12hrs
ABUSED
USES: tx opioid induced constipation, tx constipation from slow intestinal transit
*may cause yellow/brown or pink color to urine
Term
Osmotic Laxatives
Definition
magnesium hydroxide (MOM)
sodium phosphate (Fleets phospha soda)
poorly absorbed salts - draws water into intestines
small amts 6-12hrs; high dose 2-6hrs
USES: surgery/diagnostic procedures - need to empty bowel before, poisons, dead parasites
Term
magnesium hydroxide (MOM)/sodium phosphate (Fleets phospha soda)
Definition
AE: loss of water, toxic Mg level in renal impairment, fluid retention, acute renal failure

caution in pts w/renal failure
Term
Antiemetics
Definition
ondasteron (Zofran)
lorazepam (Ativan)
dronabinol (Marinol)
promethazine (Phenergan)

serotonin R antagonists
Term
ondansetron (Zofran)
Definition
most effective for CINV
also for radiation and anesthesia induced N/V
admin: oral, parenteral
AE: HA, diarrhea, constipation, dizziness
Term
lorazepam (Ativan)
Definition
antiemetic and benzodiazepine
sedation, suppresses anticipatory N/V, anterograde amnesia
Term
dronabinol (Marinol)
Definition
contains THC
USES: CINV, appetite stimulant in HIV
EFFECTS: temporal disintegration, dissociation, depersonalization, dysphoria
Schedule III
NOT first line bc its addictive and bc of its effects
Term
promethazine (Phenergan)
Definition
antiemetic and dopamine antagonist
USES: reduce emesis assoc'd w/surgery, CINV
AE: extrapyrimidal rxns, anticholinergic effects, hypotension, sedation
Term
Antidiarrheal drugs
Definition
opioids**
loperamide (immodium)
diphenoxylate (lomotil)
Term
diphenoxylate (lomotil)
Definition
opioid used as antidiarrheal; NOT FOR PAIN
regular dose - no CNS effects
high doses - morphine like responses
when atropine is added, the addictive nature is decreased
Schedule V
Term
loperamide (imodium)
Definition
USES: diarrhea, ilieostomies
suppresses bowel motility
suppresses fluid secretion into intestine
NO potential for abuse
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