Shared Flashcard Set

Details

GI drugs
n/a
28
Nursing
Not Applicable
03/16/2011

Additional Nursing Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term

 

 

 

 

Antacid Agents

Definition

Magnesium hydroxid, aluminum hydroxide, calcium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate

Use: reduce pain of peptic ulcers by neutralizing acid in the stomach, decreasing irritation of the stomach lining, inhibiting production of pepsin.

Side Effects: aluminum; constipation, magnesium; diarrhea

Patient Teaching: nonprescription w/side effects, can be abused, shake before pouring, interfere with absorption of oral drugs if given within 1-2 hours of eachother, chew tablets before swallowing.

Term

 

 

 

 

H2-Receptor Antagonist Agents

Definition

Tagamet, Zantac, Pepcid, Axid

Use: reduce secretion of gastric acid and promote healing of ulcers

 

Side Effects: Diarrhea, muscle pain, rash, confusion, drowsiness, Tagament; impotence, gynecomastia, impairs metabolism of common drugs

 

Patient Teaching: With or after meals, don't give Zantac w/other antacids, older pt's may have confusion and drug interactions w/Tagament

Term

 

 

 

Proton Pump Inhibitor Agents

Definition

Prilosec, Nexium, Prevacid, Protonix, Aciphex

 

Use: inhibit gastric acid secretion w/ peptic ulcer disease, GERD, Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome.

 

Side Effects: Nause, diarrhea, headache

 

Patient Teaching: Swallow the capsule whole

 

Term

 

 

 

 

Mucosal Barrier Agents

Definition

Carafate

 

Use:permit healing of an ulcer, forming protective gel coats surface

 

SE: constipation, dry mouth, drowsiness, rash, itching

PT: empty stomach 1hr b4 meals

Term

 

 

 

Synthetic Prostoglandin Agents

Definition

Cytotec

 

Use: decrease gastric acid secretion and protect gastric mucosa. Prevent ucers caused by NSAID's

 

SE: contra during preg, diarrhea, abd pain, miscarriage, headache, flatulence, nause/vomiting.

 

PT: w/meals & at bedtime

Term

 

 

 

Anticholinergic Agents

Definition

Gastrozepin

Use: block action of acetocholine, decrease salivary and gastric secretions, reduce pain by reducing smooth muscle tone in GI tract.

 

SE: dry mouth, constipation, visual disturbance, urine retention, older adults; confused, agitated, drowsy

 

PT: contra; narrowangle glaucoma, renal disease, prostatic hypertrophy, intestinal obstruction. 1/2 to 1 hr b4 meals & at bedtime, provide oral hygiene, monitor stools and urine, report behavior changes.

Term

 

 

 

 

5-Hr Receptor Antagonist Agents

Definition

Zofran, Kytril, Aloxi

 

Use: prevent nausea, vomiting from chemotherapy

 

SE: constipation, diarrhea, abd. pain, muskuloskeletal pain, shivering, fever, hyoxia, urinary retention

 

PT: IV 30 min b4 chemotherapy, advise pt drowsiness may occur, ask about diarrhea, constipation, diff voiding. Encourage fluids, fiber, activity  

Term

 

 

 

Laxative Agents and Stimulants

Definition

Dulcolax, Senokot, Castro Oil

Use: facilitate bowel elimination, stim. GI tract by irritating mucosa, Diarrhea like stools

 

SE: Dulcolax irritate anus, Cascara & Senna urine pink or brownish, Oily laxative agents contra. 4 older alduts r/t risk for aspiration can cause lipid pneumonia

 

PT: Monitor stool, Encourage fluid & fiber, Chill castor oil wash it down w/fruit juice

Term

 

 

 

Bulk-Forming Laxative Agents

 

 

Definition

Metamucil, Citrucel

Use: retain water in stool to increase bulk and fluid, stimulates peristalsis

 

SE: Obstruction can occur if not taken w/adequate fluids or if passagae through intestine is arrested

 

PT: adequate fluids for mass to harden (aprox. 3 days), prevention of constipation

Term

 

 

 

Saline (Osmotic) Laxative Agents

Definition

Magnesium Citrate, Milk of Magnesia, Fleet phospho-soda, MiraLax

 

Use: draw water into bowel to distend and stimulate evacuation

 

SE: dehydration w/prolonged use

 

PT: contra: kidney disease, heart failure, hypertension, edema

Term

 

 

 

 

Lubricant Agents

Definition

Mineral Oil

 

Use: lubricate feces for easier passage

 

SE:  lipid pneumonia if product aspirated

 

PT: give on empty stomach

 

Term

 

 

 

 

Fecal Wetting Agents

Definition

Surfak, Colace

 

Use: soften fecal mass (prevention of constipation)

 

SE: n/a

 

PT: liquid forms w/milk or juice for taste

 

Term

 

 

 

 

Lactulose, Cephulac

 

 

 

Definition

Used to increase fecal water content to stimulate evacuation. Promotes passage amonia through rectum. For; hepatic encephalopathy. (oral or rectal administration)

 

SE: cramps, flatulence, diarrhea, hyperglycemia w/diabetes

 

PT: mixed w/juice, milk, water on empty stomach, tell nurse if diarrhea

Term

 

 

 

 

Polyethylene glycoelectrolyte solution (GoLYTELY)

suppository or enema

Definition

cleanse bowel before diagnostic procedures

 

 

PT: used with cardiac or renal disease doesn't disturb electrolyte balance. comprises 4 L. Pt must drink 350-300 mL every 10 min over 2-3 hrs. Make sure pt has immediate access to toilet.

Term

 

 

 

Antidiarrheal Agents

Definition

opiate agents: morphine, Lomotil, Imodium

 

Use: decrease intestinal motility so liquid portion is reabsorbed.

 

SE: CNS depression, drowsiness, dizziness, constipation, dry mouth, nausea

 

PT: Do not exceed maximum dose, use saftey prec and maintain good oral hygiene.

Term

 

 

 

Absorbent Agents

Definition

Kaolin, aluminum hydroxide

 

Use: bind substances that may cause diarrhea

 

PT: shake before pouring, don't administer with oral drugs

 

Lactobacillus: replace normal bacterial flora, may require refidgeration

 

Term

 

 

 

 

 

 

Definition
Term

 

 

Emetic Agents

Definition

Ipecac syrup

 

Use: cause vomiting, treat poisining and oral drug overdose

 

SE: CNS depressant

 

PT: Only if recomended by poisin control w/ water

Term

 

 

 

Antiemetic Agents

5-HR Receptor Antagonist Agents

Definition

Zofran, Kytril, Aloxi

 

Use: prevent nausea and vomiting from chemotherapy, Aloxi has a very long half-life (40 hours), initial dose controls initial delayed chemotherapy side effects.

SE: headache, constipation, diarrhea, abdominal pain, musculoskeletal pain, shivering, fever, hypoxia, urinary retention

PT: IV 30 mins before chemo, drowsiness may occur, ask about constipation and difficulty voiding. Encourage fluids, fiber and activity

Term

 

 

 

 

Antiametic: 5-HR Receptor Antagonist Agents

Substance P/ neurokinin, receptor blocker, aprepitant (EMEND)

Definition

Used to prevent nausea and vomiting caused by chemo. Used in combo with other antiametics.

 

SE: headache, dizziness, diarrhea, constipation, nausea Serious: thrombocytopenia, neutropenia

 

PT: 3 day course, 1st dose 1 hour before therapy

Term

 

 

 

 

Antihistamine Agents

Definition

Phenergan, Dramamine

 

Use: prevent and treat nausea. Decrease sensitivity of the vestibular apparatus of the inner ear. Suppresses the vomiting center.

 

SE: drowsiness and confusion

 

PT: Use the medications cautiously with asthma, glaucoma, and prostatic hypertrophy

Term

 

 

 

 

Sedative Agents

hydroxyzine (Atarax)

 

Definition

Atarax

 

Use: Prevent preoperative nausea and vomiting; anti-anxiety effects.

 

SE: Drowsiness, confusion, hypotension, tachycardia, dry mouth, nausea, diarrhea, urinary retention

 

PT: monitor alertness, b/p, urine, assist w/ambulation, bed in lowest position, call bell in reach, oral care

Term

 

Aticholinergic Agents

Definition

Scopolamine (Transderm-Scop)

 

Use: supress vomiting center. Prevent motion sickness.

 

SE: confusion, delusions, hallucinations, tachycardia, dry mouth, blurred vision, urinary retention

 

PT: medicated adhesive disk that is placed behind ear. Contra; narrow angle glaucoma, urinary tract obstruction

Term

 

 

Prokinetic Agents

Definition

Reglan

 

Use: speed up gastric emptying into small intestine

 

SE: CNS depression, GI upset, Parkinson-like symptoms.

 

PT: GI perforation, obstruction, hemorrhage, epilepsy

Term

 

 

 

 

Antibacterial Agents

 

 

Definition

Cipro, E-mycin, Flagyl

 

Use: treat diarrhea caused by pathogens

 

Complete entier course of therapy and report worsening symptoms to physician

Term

 

 

 

 

Antibacterial Agents

Dipentum

Definition

Dipentum

 

Used to treat ulcerative colitis

 

SE: abdominal pain, diarrhea, headache, nausea

 

PT: discontinue use if hives, rash, wheezing occur. Encourage fluids.

Term

 

 

 

Antibacterial Agents

Amoxicillin

Definition

Amoxil

 

used to treat helicobacter pylori w/omeprazole

 

SE: rash, diarrhea, anaphylaxis and superinfections (collitis)

 

PT: instruct pt. to take full course of treatment

Term

 

 

 

 

Antifungal Agents

Nystatin (Mycostatin)

Clotrimazole (Mycelex)

Definition

Used for candida albicans infections

 

SE: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea

 

PT: dissolve lozenges in mouth, shake suspensions well, swish in mouth before swallowing

 

Mycelex: same use

SE: nausea, vomiting, itching

PT: vaginal preps available

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