Reinforcer: increases the likelihood that nehavior will occur again

Punishment: decreases the likelihood that a behavior will occur again

discriminitive stimuli

A-B-C

Antecedent-Behavior-Consequence

SD - R- Sr+

Discriminitive Stimuli- Response- Reinforcer

molding responses gradually in a step by step fashion to a desired pattern

-successive approximation

-chance

-baiting

-consequence need to be immediate

-when is the most effective time to reinforce behavior

-what happens as we delay reinforcement?

-no training/natural

-satisfies physiological needs

-eg. food, water, sex

-intracranial stimulation

Secondary Reinforcer

-trained

-association w/ a primary reinforcer

-eg. money grades, approcal, praise

-token reinforcer: tangible secondary reinforcer; can be exchanged for primary reinforcer

-situation or pattern where reinforcers do not follow very response

- very resistant to extinction

"simple" schedules of reinforcement

ration (fixed, variable, random)

interval (fixed, variable random)

-chain

-interresponse time (DRL, DRHPRO)

-progressive ration (w/in/accross session)

-choice procedures

-consistently precede a reinforced response tend to influence when and where the response will occur

-eg. notes in classroom

eg. notes in all class rooms

-increases the likelihood that the behavior will occur again

Presentation of reward

eg. give rat cocaine when press a lever

-removal/escape

 -rat is shocked unless it presses a lever

-presentation of something that dcreases/stops a behavior

-rat shocked when presses a lever

-removal/escape of something that will decrease/stop the behavior

-remove food from cage when rat presses lever

-It's aversive

-anything associated w/ punishment tend to be feared, resented or disliked

-Ivan Pavlov created

-reflex: automatic, nonlearned response

-behavior that is illicited w/out thought/conciousness

Unconditioned Stimulus -> Uncondition Response

Neutral stimulus -> no conditioned response

conditioned stimulus + training -> unconditioned response

Wasp: string->fear

Ns: US->UR

Wasp-> fear

Cs2 -> CR

Trashcan: Wasp-> fear

Ns2 :CS -> CR

Trashcan-> fear

Cs2 -> CR

Generalizing (classical conditioning)

- irrational fear of specific object/subject

-fear disproportionate to actual threat

-overgeneralization

-Observational learning
-temperament
-preparedness
-history of control
-incubation
-unconditioned stimulus re-evaluation
-selective sensitization

Desensitization

   -therapy for CERs

   -exposes phobic ppl gradually to    fear stimuli while they stay calm and relaxed

Vicarious Classical Conditioning