Term
| What are the chief source of fatal nosocomial infections? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the normal flora of the urinary tract? |
|
Definition
- above bladder entrance free of bacteria
- Lower urethra - Lactobacillus, Staph, Corynebacterium, Strep
**Dependent on hormonal status in women |
|
|
Term
| What is Bacterial Cystitis? |
|
Definition
Pain on urination that can lead to a kidney infection
- caused by E. coli normal flora, bacteria ascend urethra. Catheters a risk |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| HA, eye redness, muscle pain - caused by Leptospira interrogans which enters through breaks in the skin |
|
|
Term
| What are the 2 stages of Leptospirosis? |
|
Definition
-Septicemic phase - pain and lack of tissue damage, resolves in 1 week
- Immune phase - injury to small blood vessels can cause kidney failure
**Excreted in urine, transmission through contaminated water |
|
|
Term
| How is Leptospirosis treated? |
|
Definition
| Tetracycline only within first 4 days of illness |
|
|
Term
| What is Bacterial Vaginosis? |
|
Definition
Vaginal discharge with a fishy odor caused by Gardnerella vaginalis and a decrease in lactobacilli
**Decrease in vaginal acidity, decrease in normal flora
**Tx with Metronidazole |
|
|
Term
| When are 'clue cells' found? |
|
Definition
| Slough vaginal cells in bacterial vaginosis |
|
|
Term
| What is Staphylococcal Toxic Shock? |
|
Definition
High temperature, vomiting, diarrhea, sunburn, confusion. Caused by S. aureus which releases TSST-1, an exotoxin.
**Linked to tampon use, Tx with anti-staph meds and IV fluids |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An STD than can be asymptomatic - painful urination sx. Caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae, a gram(-) cocci |
|
|
Term
| What is the pathogenesis of gonorrhea? |
|
Definition
- attachment via pili, bind CD4 proteins to prevent an immune response
- Complications include sterility
- In women, attaches to cervix and tubes. Scar tissue causes sterility. PID
**TX: FQNs and cephalosporins |
|
|
Term
| What is Opthalmia neonatorum? |
|
Definition
| Conjuctivitis in newborns caused by gonorrhea. Prevention using silver nitrate or erythromycin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Discharge, painful urination, women sometimes asymptomatic. Caused by Chlamydia trachomatis, an intracellular bacterium
**Can also cause conjuctivitis in newborns |
|
|
Term
| What bacterium forms inclusion bodies? |
|
Definition
Chlamydia trachomatis
- elementary body - infectious form
- Reticular body - inside host cell, non-infectious |
|
|
Term
| How is Chlamydia treated? |
|
Definition
Azithromycin
Tetracycline or erythromycin |
|
|
Term
| What are the three stages of syphilis? |
|
Definition
- Primary - painless red chancre on genitals
- Secondary - After primary heals, flu-like sx, rash
- Tertiary - mental illness, blindness, lesions called gummas |
|
|
Term
| What is the cause of syphilis? |
|
Definition
Treponema pallidum, a spirochete. Very low infecting dose
**Antibiotics treat primary and secondary stage |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
multiple genital sores, swollen groin lymph nodes. Caused by Haemophilus ducreyi, a gram(-) rod
**Promotes AIDS transmission. Tx with erythromycin and Ceftriaxine |
|
|
Term
| What are the causative agents of genitourinary infections? |
|
Definition
- Bacterial Cystitis - E. coli
- Leptospirosis - Leptospira interrogans
- Bacterial Vaginosis - Gardnerella vaginalis
- Staphylococcus Toxic Shock - S. aureus
- Gonorrhea - Neisseria gonorrheae
- Chlamydia - Chlamydia trachomatis
- Syphilis - Treponema pallidum
- Chancroid - Haemophilus ducreyi |
|
|
