Shared Flashcard Set

Details

General Surgery
Book and powerpoint
51
Medical
Professional
11/18/2014

Additional Medical Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Define General Surgery
Definition
Procedures of abdomen and noncosmetic breast.
Term
Body parts involved in general surgery
Definition

Gastrointestinal

 

Bilary, Pancreas

 

Spleen

 

Breast

Term
Define Fistula
Definition
  • abnormal passage from abscess or hollow organ to body surface
Term
Define Dysphagia
Definition
Difficulty in Swallowing
Term
Define Hemangioma
Definition
mass of blood vessels in a benign tumor
Term
Adhesion
Definition
holding together by new tissue of two structures that are normally seperate
Term
Anastomosis
Definition
Surgical union of two hollow structures
Term
In situ
Definition
in position, localized and non-invasive
Term
Intussusception
Definition
invagination of proximal  intestine into the lumen of the distal intestine causing obstruction.
Term
Necrosis
Definition

          localized death of tissue

Term
Ischemia
Definition

          - localized tissue anemia due to obstruction of the inflow of arterial blood.

Term
Define  Fissure
Definition

narrow crack of considerable length and depth.

Term

Stenosis

Definition
narrowing of a passage or orifice.
Term
Polyp
Definition

          outward growth from a mucous membrane.

Term
Sphincter
Definition

          - ring-like muscle that closes orifice.

Term
Tumor
Definition

          - spontaneous new growth of tissue forming an abnormal mass.

Term
Malignant
Definition

          - tending to infiltrate, metastasize; cancerous

Term
Volvulus
Definition

          - torsion of a loop of intestine causing obstruction.

Term
Metastasis
Definition

          - transfer of disease from one site to another.

Term

Name the Anatomy related to General Surgery

Definition

          Thyroid/Parathyroid          Breast

          Biliary system – Gallbladder, Liver, & Pancreas          Spleen

          Esophagus          Stomach

          Intestines

          Anorectal area

Term

Anatomy & Physiology of the
Thyroid & Parathyroids

Definition

Thyroid

 

Parathyroids

Term
Thyroid
Definition

          largest endocrine organ, has 2 lobes with the ‘isthmus’ connecting them.

          Located on the anterior surface of the trachea.

Term
Parathyroids
Definition

          four small yellow-brown masses on the posterior side of the thyroid.

They maintain proper concentration of blood calcium

Term

Pathology of the
Thyroid & Parathyroids

Definition
Goiter, Hyperthyroidism (Grave’s disease),  Hypothyroidism (Cretinism or Myxedema),  
Term
Goiter
Definition

        – hypertrophic thyroid tissue; goiters are

Term
Hyperthyroidism (Grave’s disease)
Definition

        – a hyperactive thyroid producing too much hormone

Term
Hypothyroidism (Cretinism or Myxedema)
Definition
insufficient amounts of thyroid hormone are produced
Term

Pathology of the
Thyroid & Parathyroids

Definition

          Parathyroids

        Hyperparathyroidism        

 Hypoparathyroidism –

        Parathyroid adenoma –        

Tetany –

        Cancer

Term
Hyperparathyroidism
Definition

        causes increased calcium in the blood

Term
Hypoparathyroidism
Definition

        causes decreased calcium in the blood

Term
Parathyroid adenoma
Definition

        – tumor of the parathyroids, causes hyperparathyroidism

Term
Tetany –
Definition
condition of physiologic calcium imbalance marked by muscle spasms associated with deficient parathyroid secretion.
Term
Function of parathroids
Definition
produces hormones that affect almost every body cell, influencing metabolism, weight ,muscle tone, body temperature, and growth.
Term

Surgery  Practices of the
Thyroid & Parathyroids

Definition

        Pt in hyperextended neck position (pillow or shoulder roll)

        Prep from jawline to shoulders

        General anesthesia

        Incision = collar

        Post-op drain

        Parathyroids preserved

Term
Thyroid procedures
Definition
thyroid biopsy, thyroidectomy, thyroid lobectomy, thyroglossal duct cystectomy
Term
Parathyroid procedures
Definition
parathyroidectomy (subtotal or total with autotransplantation- of parathyroid tissue into forearm).
Term

Instruments used on the
Thyroid & Parathyroids

Definition

Green Thyroid Retractor

Lahey Retractor

Beckman-Weitlaner Retractor

Term
What is ischemia?
Definition
Restriction of bloodflow with resulant damage to tissues
Term
[image]
Definition
Beckman-weitlaner Retractor
Term
[image]
Definition

Green Thyroid Retractor

Term
[image]
Definition
Green Thyroid Retractor
Term

Anatomy & Physiology of the
Breast

Definition

Breast tissue

          There are 12-20 lobes contained in each breast tissue.  These lobes further divide into lobules that surround the lactiferous ducts.

          Tail of Spence – contain an average of 53 lymph nodes on each side.

Term
Breast tissue types
Definition
Adipose and glandular.
Term
Describe the lobes in the breast
Definition

          There are 12-20 lobes contained in each breast tissue.  These lobes further divide into lobules that surround the lactiferous ducts.

Term
Tail of Spence
Definition

          contain an average of 53 lymph nodes on each side.

Term
Basic layout of the breast and chest
Definition
[image]
Term
Complex layout of the breast
Definition
[image]
Term

Pathology of the Breast

Definition

          Cancer – early, advanced, or disseminated

          Breast ‘lumps’ – Benign or Malignant

          Fibroadenoma

          Gynecomastia

          Mastitis

Term
Types of Breast lumps
Definition

          Breast ‘lumps’ – Benign or Malignant

Term

Surgery practices of the Breast

Definition

          Multiple procedures = separate setups, preps, drapes, gowns, etc…

          Local or General anesthesia for biopsies

          General anesthesia for mastectomies

          Keep specimens SEPARATE! No fixative on frozen sections going to the lab

          Gentle prep and handling of breast tissue to prevent dissemination of cancer cells

          Patient position = supine

          Prep = GENTLE : betadine scrub and paint clavicle to umbilicus

          Incisions = infraareolar, inframammary, supraareolar, radial, axillary

 

Supporting users have an ad free experience!