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Gen. Chem. for Health Science CH-84
FINAL--Unfried
74
Chemistry
Undergraduate 1
05/09/2011

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Term
NO3-
Definition
Nitrate
Term
NO2-
Definition
Nitrite
Term
NH4+
Definition
Ammonium
Term
N3-
Definition
Azide
Term
SO42-
Definition
Sulfate
Term
HSO4-
Definition
Bisulfate/hydrogen sulfate
Term
SO32-
Definition
Sulfite
Term
HSO3-
Definition
Bisulfite/ hydrogen sulfite
Term
S2O32-
Definition
Thiosulfate
Term
PO43-
Definition
Phosphate
Term
HPO42-
Definition
Hydrogen phosphate
Term
H2PO4-
Definition
Dihydrogen phosphate
Term
PO33-
Definition
Phosphite
Term
CO32-
Definition
Carbonate
Term
HCO3-
Definition
Bicarbonate/hydrogen carbonate
Term
C2O42-
Definition
Oxalate
Term
C2H3O2-
Definition
Acetate
Term
CN-
Definition
Cyanide
Term
ClO4-
Definition
Perchlorate
Term
ClO3-
Definition
Chlorate
Term
ClO2-
Definition
Chlorite
Term
ClO-
Definition
Hypochlorite
Term
H3O+
Definition
Hydronium
Term
OH-
Definition
Hydroxide
Term
Kinetic Molecular Theory of Mater
Definition
a set of five statements that are used to explain the physical behabior of the three states of matter (solid, liquid, and gas)
Term
Pressure
Definition
Force/area
Term
Boyles Law
Definition

Pressure is inversly related to volume

 

P1V1=P2V

P=K(1/V)

PV=K

Term
Charles Law
Definition

Temperature is proportional to volume

 

V1/T1=V2/T2

Term
Gay-Luccac's
Definition

Pressure with constant volume is directly proportional to temperature(kalvin).

 

P1/T1=P2/T2

Term
Combined Gas Law
Definition

An expression obtained by mathematically combining Boyle's and Charles Law

 

(P1*V1)/T1=(P2*V2)/T2

Term
Ideal Gas Law
Definition

PV=nRT

PV/nT=.0821 (atm*L/mol*K)

Term
Evaporation
Definition
The process by which molecules escape from the liquid phase to the gas phase (kenetic energy)
Term
Enodthermic
Definition
Requires the input (absorbtion) of heat
Term
Exothermic
Definition
Requires heat to be given up (released)
Term
Vapor
Definition
Gaseous molecules of a substance at a temperature and pressure at which we ordinarily would think of the substance as a liquid or solid
Term
Kenetic molecular Theory
Definition
-Matter is ultimately composed of tiny particles that have definite and characteristic size that do not change
-the particles are in constant, random motion and therefore possess kinetic energy
-the particles interact with one antoher throught attractions and repulsions and therefore possess potential energy
-the velocity of the particles increases as the temperature is increased
-the particles in a system transfer energy to each other through elastic collisions
Term
Elastic collision
Definition
bounce off each other and continue
Term
Inelastic collision
Definition
masses glob together with no resulting movement
Term
Equilibrium state
Definition
situation in which two opposite processes take plave at the same time
Term
vapor pressure
Definition
the pressure exerted by a vapor aboe a liquid when the liquid and vapor are in equilibrium
Term
volatile substance
Definition
Substance that readily evaporates at room temperature because of high vapor pressure ex) gasoline
Term
Intermolecular force in liquids
Definition
is an attractive force that acts between a molecule and another molecule
Term
Dipole-Dipole
Definition
intermolecular force that occures between POLAR molecules
Term
Hydrogen Bonds
Definition
extra strong dipole-dipole interaction between a hydrogen atom covalently bonded to a small, very electronegative atom (F,O,or N) and have a lone pair of electrons on another small very electronegative atom
Term
London Forces
Definition
are weak bonds due to temporary uneven electron distributions causing slightly negative or positive charges
Term
Solution
Definition
Homogeneious combination of two or more substances in which each substance retains its ownchemical identity
Term
Solvent
Definition
The component of a solution that is present in the greatest amount
Term
Solute
Definition
is a solution component that is present in a smaller amount relative to that of the solvent
Term
Solubility
Definition
the max amount of solute that will dissolve in a given amount of solvent
Term
Henery's Law
Definition
S=k#(P)....k#--solubility=partial pressure
Term
Unsaturated solution
Definition
is a solution in which less solute than the max amount possible is dissolved in the solution
Term
saturated solution
Definition
contains the max amount of solute that can be dissolved under the conditions at which the solution exists
Term
super saturated solution
Definition
contains more than the max amount of solute (possible in some situations)
Term
Diluted solution
Definition
Contains a small amount of solute relative to the amoung that could be dissolved
Term
Aqueous solution
Definition
solution where water is the solvent
Term
nonaqueous solution
Definition
solution in which water is not the solvent
Term
Factors that affect the rate of solution
Definition
-Subdivision: partivle size--increase surface area
-Agitation: mixing or stirring
-Temperature: high temps cause more collisions between molecules
Term
Concentration
Definition
the amount of solute present in a specific amoung of solution
Term
% Mass
Definition
(Mass of solute/Mass of solution)X 100
Term
% volume
Definition
(Volume of solute/volume of solution) X 100
Term
Mass-Volume %
Definition
(Mass of solute/ Volume of solution) X 100
Term
Molarity
Definition
Moles of solute/liter of solution
Term
Colligative properties
Definition
Physical properties of a solution that depend only on the number (concentration) of solute partivles (molecules or ions) in a given quantity of solvent and not on their chemical identities
Term
Osmosis
Definition
the passage of a solvent from a dilute solution (or pure solvent) through a semipermeable membrane into a more concentrated solution
Term
Osmotic pressure
Definition
the amoung that must be applied to prevent the net flow of solvent through a semipermeable membrane from a solution of lower solute concentration to a solution of higher solute concentration
Term
Osmolarity
Definition
product of its molarity and the number of partivles produced performula unit when the solute dissocrates

Osmolarity=molarity X i---i=the number of particles
Term
Isotonic solution
Definition
osmotic pressure is equal to that within the cell
Term
Hypotonic solution
Definition
lower osmotic pressure than that within a cell
Term
Hypertonic solution
Definition
higher osmotic pressure than that within a cell
Term
Dialysis
Definition
the process whihc a semipermeable membrane permits the passage of solvent, dissolved ions, and small molecules but blocks the passage of large molecules
Term
Combustion Reactions
Definition
reaction of a substance with oxygen (usually from air) that proceeds with the evolution of heat and usually with a flame
CO2+H2O are products
Term
oxidation
Definition
the process whereby a reactant in a chemical reaction gains one or more oxygen atoms, loses 1+ hydrogen, or loses 1+ electon
Term
Reduction
Definition
the process whereby a reactant in a chemical reactions loses one or more oxygen atoms, gains 1+ hydrogen or electon
Term
Chemical equilibrium
Definition
process wherein two opposing chemical reactions occur simultaneously at the same rate
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