Term
|
Definition
art and science
requires balance of promoting clients' independence and dependence
focuses not on illness but on clients' response to illness |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
founder of modern nursing
grew up in wealthy upper class family
received a thorough education
became a nursing over objections of society and family |
|
|
Term
| how did florence nightingale affect nursing education? |
|
Definition
introduced theory-based knowledge with clinical skills
promotes healing
difference between nursing knowledge and medical knowledge
|
|
|
Term
| what did florence nightingale introduce that are still used today? |
|
Definition
having a systemic method of assessing clients
individualizing care
confidentiality
advocates |
|
|
Term
| what are the two types of entry-level programs in the US? |
|
Definition
| licensed practical and registered nurse |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
florence nightingale established first one
supported by public funds and associated with medical school
affiliated with teaching hospital but independent of it
program directed/staffed with professional nurses
residency to teach discipline and character |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
following WW2, they began to increase slowly
|
|
|
Term
| what are the essential components of a BSN according to AACN? |
|
Definition
liberal education
professional values
core competencies
core knowledge
role development |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
began in NY
not until later 1950s that the number of master's programs began to escalate.
growth driven by need to educate qualified faculty for BSN |
|
|
Term
| nontraditional graduate programs leading to RN licensure |
|
Definition
| admit nonnurse college graduates and RNs without the baccalaureate degree |
|
|
Term
| different degrees with doctoral programs |
|
Definition
doctor of philosophy (PhD)
doctor of nursing science (DNSc)
doctor of science in nursing (DNS)
doctor of education (EdD)
doctor of public health (DPH) |
|
|
Term
| nontraditional doctoral programs leading to RN licensure |
|
Definition
| usually provide curricula containing components of both basic and advanced nursing courses |
|
|
Term
| staff development and continuing education |
|
Definition
used to maintain the requisite knowledge and skill needed for contemporary practice
professional nurses are responsible for their own continuing education |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
important organizational tool for recruitment and retention
initiation of employment and whenever positions and roles change |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
phase of the staff development process that occurs after orientation
supports the nurse in acquiring, maintaining, and increasing skills to fulfill assigned responsibilities |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| essential to career development and competency achievement |
|
|
Term
| how did Florence Nightingale affect nursing theories? |
|
Definition
| she provided the nursing profession with the philosophical basis from which other theories have emerged and developed |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
can be a best practice
best evidence available to guide clinical decision making
integrates research findings with clinical experience |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| avoid pitfalls by clearly defining the problem, analyzing the data, understanding the causes, and creating new ideas that will lead to problem resolution |
|
|
Term
| barriers to creative thinking |
|
Definition
habit
comfort with the status quo
fear of making mistakes
tradition
use of meaningless routines and rituals
rigid mind-set |
|
|
Term
| what are some of the critical thinking skills? |
|
Definition
interpretation
analysis
influence
explanation
evaluation
self-regulation |
|
|
Term
| what does interpretation involve pertaining to critical thinking skills? |
|
Definition
| categorize, decode sentences, clarify meanings |
|
|
Term
| what does analysis involve pertaining to critical thinking skills? |
|
Definition
| examine ideas, identify and analyze arguments |
|
|
Term
| what does influence involve pertaining to critical thinking skills? |
|
Definition
| query evidence, conjecture alternatives, draw conclusions |
|
|
Term
| what does explanation involve pertaining to critical thinking skills? |
|
Definition
| state results, justify procedures, present arguments |
|
|
Term
| what does evaluation involve pertaining to critical thinking skills? |
|
Definition
| assess claims, assess arguments |
|
|
Term
| what does self-regulation involve pertaining to critical thinking skills? |
|
Definition
| self-examination, self-correction |
|
|
Term
| steps of the nursing process |
|
Definition
assessment
diagnosis
outcome identification and planning
implementation
evaluation |
|
|
Term
| definition of the nursing process |
|
Definition
| framework for providing professional, quality nursing care |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| includes collection of data, verification, organization, interpretation and documentation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| gathered by interacting with the client and include the client's feelings, perceptions, and concerns |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| observable and measurable and are obtained through physical examination and diagnostic tests |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
involves further analysis and synthesis of the data that have been collected
focuses on response
provides basis for client care delivered through the remaining steps
identifying problems and conditions |
|
|
Term
| what are the types of nursing diagnosis? |
|
Definition
actual problems
potential problems
wellness conditions
collaborative problems |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| indicates that a problem exists and is composed of the diagnostic label, related factors, and signs and symptoms |
|
|
Term
| risk nursing diagnosis (potential) |
|
Definition
| indicates that a problem does not yet exist, but special risk factors are present |
|
|
Term
| possible nursing diagnosis |
|
Definition
| indicates a situation in which a problem could arise unless preventive action is taken |
|
|
Term
| wellness nursing diagnosis |
|
Definition
| indicates the client's expression of a desire to attain a higher level of wellness in some area of function |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| defined as physiologic complications monitored by nurses to assess changes in client status |
|
|
Term
| planning (outcome identification) |
|
Definition
| involves developing a proposed course of action in regard to the client's health status |
|
|
Term
| tasks involved in planning |
|
Definition
prioritizing the list of nursing diagnoses
identifying and writing client-centered long- and short-term goals and outcomes
developing specific interventions
recording the plan of care |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| specific objectives related to the goals and are used to evaluate the nursing interventions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
execution of the nursing plan of care
nurse must continue to assess the client's condition before, during, and after interventions
reporting and documenting |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
involves determining whether client goals have been met, partially met, or not met
if partially met, or not met, the nurse must reassess situation
ongoing process |
|
|
Term
| what are some sources of data? |
|
Definition
client
family and significant other
health care professionals
medical records
interdisciplinary conferences, rounds, and consultations
results of diagnostic tests
relevant literature
|
|
|
Term
| what is the primary source of information? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| proposes that an individual's basic physiological needs must be met before progressing to higher-level needs |
|
|
Term
| what is the hierarchy of needs model used for? |
|
Definition
| to prioritize client needs |
|
|
Term
| what is the order of the 5 needs in the hierarchy of needs? |
|
Definition
physiologic needs
safety and security needs
need for love and belonging
self-esteem needs
self-actualization needs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the basic survival needs, such as food, water, and oxygen |
|
|
Term
| safety and security needs |
|
Definition
| both physical and psychological |
|
|
Term
| need for love and belonging |
|
Definition
| humans have an innate need to be a part of a group and to feel accepted by others |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| individuals need to feel they are valued and worthwhile |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the need to function at one's optimal level and to be personally fulfilled |
|
|
Term
| what is NANDA's definition of nursing diagnosis? |
|
Definition
| a clinical judgement about individual, family, or community responses to actual and potential health problems or life processes. nursing diagnoses provide the basis for selection of nursing interventions to achieve outcomes for which the nurse is accountable |
|
|
Term
| what are the components of a nursing diagnosis? |
|
Definition
diagnostic label
definition
defining characteristics
risk factors
related factors |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| (concept) consists of one or more nouns (or adjectives) that name the diagnosis and can be a word or a phrase that describes the pattern of related cues |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| provides a clear description and differentiates one diagnosis from other similar diagnoses |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| observable manifestations of a specific diagnosis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| elements that increase the chances of an individual, family, or community being susceptible to a disease state or life event that will have an impact on health |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| can precede, be associated with, contribute to, or be related to nursing diagnoses in some type of patterned relationship |
|
|
Term
| two-part nursing diagnosis |
|
Definition
first component is problem statement or diagnostic label that describes the client's response to an actual, a possible, a risk for a health problem, or a wellness condition
second component is the etiology |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the related contributing factor of the problem |
|
|
Term
| three-part nursing diagnosis |
|
Definition
| consists of the diagnostic label, etiology, and defining characteristics |
|
|
Term
| 4 categories of health status of nursing diagnosis |
|
Definition
actual
risk
health promotion
wellness |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| problems that are already in existence |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| identified when there is a recognized vulnerability for the client to exhibit a problem, but that response has not yet manifested itself. |
|
|
Term
| health promotion diagnosis |
|
Definition
| identify behaviors that indicate a desire to increase well-being |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| identify the client condition or state of being healthy that may be enhanced by deliberate health-promoting activities |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an action performed by a nurse that helps the client to achieve the results specified in the goals and expected outcomes |
|
|
Term
| why is it important to have more than one nursing intervention? |
|
Definition
| that way if one proves to be unsuitable, others are readily available |
|
|
Term
| how would an effective nurse plan an intervention? |
|
Definition
| she would make sure the intervention is directed toward the causative factors of the client's nursing diagnosis or problem |
|
|
Term
| how can a nurse determine which intervention to use? |
|
Definition
the nurse should critically consider the consequences and the risks of each intervention
selects interventions that are most likely to be effective with the minimum of risk |
|
|
Term
| what are the categories of nursing interventions? |
|
Definition
independent
interdependent
dependent |
|
|
Term
| independent nursing interventions |
|
Definition
| nursing actions initiated by the nurse that do not require an order from another healthcare professional |
|
|
Term
| interdependent nursing interventions |
|
Definition
| actions that are implemented in a collaborative manner by the nurse with other health care professionals |
|
|
Term
| what are two components of interdependent nursing interventions? |
|
Definition
| collaborations and consultation |
|
|
Term
| dependent nursing interventions |
|
Definition
| actions that require an order from another health care professional |
|
|
Term
| nursing outcomes classification (NOC) |
|
Definition
provides a standardized language that can be used to measure the effects of nursing practice on client outcomes
can be used to enhance decision making in clinical practice and research |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| focuses on function, physiology, psychosocial aspects, health knowledge and behavior, and perceived self-health and family health |
|
|
Term
| what skills does implementation require? |
|
Definition
cognitive (intellectual) skills
psychomotor (technical) skills
interpersonal communication skills |
|
|
Term
| what do nursing implementation activities include? |
|
Definition
ongoing assessment
establishment of priorities
allocation of resources
initiation of nursing interventions
documentation of interventions and client responses |
|
|
Term
| importance of ongoing assessment |
|
Definition
necessary to validate the relevance of proposed interventions
allows for adaptations to be made to better individualize care |
|
|
Term
| priorities are based on what? |
|
Definition
which problems are deemed most important by the nurse, client, family, or significant others
activities previously scheduled by other departments
available resources |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| process of transferring a selected nursing task in a situation to an individual who is competent to perform that specific task |
|
|
Term
| what is the purpose of a nursing management system? |
|
Definition
determines the numbers and types of personnel available
emphasis on cost containment
cross-training of employees |
|
|
Term
| what are the most common management systems? |
|
Definition
functional nursing
team nursing
primary nursing
total client care
modular nursing
case management |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| divides care into tasks to be completed and uses various levels of personnel depending on the complexity of the assignment |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| uses a variety of personnel (professional, technical, and unlicensed) in the delivery of nursing care |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the professional nurse assumes full responsibility for total client care for a small number of clients |
|
|
Term
| total client care/modular nursing |
|
Definition
variations of primary nursing
use both RNs and LPNs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the nurse assumes responsibility for planning, implementing, coordinating, and evaluating care for a given client, regardless of the client's location at any given time |
|
|
Term
| what should nurses understand before carrying out an intervention? |
|
Definition
| the reason, the expected effect, and any potential problems that may result |
|
|
Term
| types of nursing interventions |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| standardized intervention written, approved, and signed by a prescribing practitioner that is kept on file within health care agencies to be used in predictable situations or in circumstances requiring immediate attention |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| series of standing orders or procedures that should be followed under certain specific conditions |
|
|
Term
| nursing interventions classification (NIC) |
|
Definition
a standardized language system that describes nursing interventions performed in all practice settings
method for linking interventions to diagnoses and client outcomes |
|
|
Term
| what is the format of interventions? |
|
Definition
label name
definition
a list of activities that a nurse performs to carry out the intervention
list of background readings |
|
|
Term
| nursing interventions include what? |
|
Definition
assisting with activities of daily living
delivering skilled therapeutic interventions
monitoring and surveillance of response to care
teaching
discharge planning
supervising and coordination nursing personnel |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
ensures the delivery of quality care
determine efficacy of intervention |
|
|
Term
| documenting interventions |
|
Definition
written and verbal with other nurses
legally required to document
if you didn't document, it didn't happen |
|
|
Term
| characteristics of critical thinkers |
|
Definition
Purposeful
Attempts to solve some problem
Based on assumptions
Done from some point of view
Based on data, information, and evidence
Expressed through concepts and ideas
Contains inferences
Challenges rituals and habits
Action-oriented
Employs expertise based on experience
Uses clear thinking thought processes
Sees multiple meanings
Anticipates events
Works collaboratively |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
determine the client's progress or lack of progress toward achievement of expected outcomes
to determine the effectiveness of nursing care in helping clients achieve the expected outcomes
to determine the overall quality of care provided
to promote nursing accountability |
|
|
Term
| who performs evaluations on patients? |
|
Definition
| every nurse in all practice settings for each client |
|
|
Term
| what are the aspects that need to be evaluated to determine quality of health care? |
|
Definition
appropriateness
clinical outcomes
client satisfaction
cost-effectiveness
access to care
availability of resources |
|
|
Term
| classifications of evaluations |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| determination of the health care agency's ability to provide the services offered to its client population |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
measurement of nursing actions by examining each phase of the nursing process
determines whether nursing care was adequate, appropriate, effective, and efficient |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| process of comparing the client's current status with the expected outcomes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| understanding another person's perception of the situation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| compassionately working with clients, even those who demonstrate negative behaviors |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
rarely therapeutic
feeling sorry for someone |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| truly caring about what happens to another person |
|
|
Term
| how can you be compassionate to a patient? |
|
Definition
act on the belief that everyone is equally deserving of care
treating individuals with dignity
respecting a client's privacy |
|
|
Term
| therapeutic communication techniques |
|
Definition
offering self
broad openings
silence
open-ended comments
reflection
restating
exploring
recognition
focusing
directing
verbalizing the implied
making observations
clarifying
confronting
limit setting
|
|
|
Term
| communication techniques that allow the client to set the pace |
|
Definition
offering self
broad openings
silence |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
nurse is available, physically and emotionally
indicates nurse's willingness and intent to help
nurse's presence is reassuring
indicates nurse's attention and interest |
|
|
Term
| examples of offering self |
|
Definition
i'll sit with you awhile
go on
uh-huh
head nodding |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
encourage client to choose topic for discussion
demonstrate respect for client's thoughts
emphasize importance of client's needs |
|
|
Term
| examples of broad openings |
|
Definition
what do you want to talk about
can you tell me more about that
how have things been going |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
gives client time to reflect
encourages client to express self
indicates interest in what client has to say
increases nurse's understanding of client's message
helps to structure and pace intervention
conveys respect and acceptance |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
sit quietly/observe behavior
appropriate eye contact
employ attending behaviors
control own discomfort |
|
|
Term
| communication techniques that encourage spontaneity |
|
Definition
open-ended comments
reflection
restating |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
unfinished sentences that prompt client to continue
questions that require more than a one-word answer
allow client to decide what content is relevant |
|
|
Term
| examples of open-ended comments |
|
Definition
tell me about your pain
tell me about your family |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
focuses on content of client's message and feelings
repeating client's words in order to prompt further expression
lets client know the nurse is actively listening
communicates nurse's interest |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
client asks do you think? you say what do you think?
client says i probably should medicines makes me so tearful and agitated. you say you sound a bit agitated now |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
repeating or paraphrasing client's main idea
indicates nurse is listening to client
encourages further dialogue
gives client an opportunity to explain or elaborate |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
client says i told the doctor i had problems he didnt listen. you say sounds like you're angry
client says i dont sleep well anymore. you say you're having problems sleeping? |
|
|
Term
| communicating techniques that focus on the client by responding to verbal, paraverbal, and nonverbal cues |
|
Definition
exploring
recognition
focusing
directing |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
attempts to develop in more detail a specific area of concern to client
identifies patterns or themes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
tell me more about how you feel when you do not take your meds
could you tell me about one of those times when you felt upset |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| nurse points out observed cues to client |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
i notice that you became embarrassed when...
i see that you have some pictures of the new baby |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
questions or statements that help client develop or expand an idea
directs conversation toward key topics |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
you mentioned that you are having a problem with...
you say you feel nauseous a lot |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
comments that elicit specific info from client
is used to collect assessment data not to satisfy nurse's curiosity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| client says they told me i needed to see a specialist. you say what made them say that or when were you told this or how do you feel about seeing another doctor |
|
|
Term
| communication techniques that encourage expression of feelings |
|
Definition
verbalizing the implied
making observations
clarifying |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an attempt to detect the true meaning of verbal messages |
|
|
Term
| examples of verbalizing the implied |
|
Definition
| client says how much is this going to cost? you say you're worried about your medical bills? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| nurse calls attention to behavior indicative of feelings |
|
|
Term
| examples of making observations |
|
Definition
| you seem sad today or you're limping as if your leg hurts |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
makes the meaning of client's message clear
prevents nurse from making assumptions about client's message |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
client says whenever i talk to my doctor, i feel upset. nurse says tell me what you mean by upset
client says they said i could be discharged tomorrow. you say who told you this. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
client says whenever i talk to my doctor, i feel upset. nurse says tell me what you mean by upset
client says they said i could be discharged tomorrow. you say who told you this. |
|
|
Term
| communication techniques that encourage the client to make some changes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
nurse's verbal response to incongruence between client's words and actions
encourages client to recognize potential areas for change |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
client says i am so angry at her(while smiling). you say you're angry yet you're smiling
client says i never know which of my symptoms to pay attention to, i think maybe im just a hypochondriac. nurse says you say you're not sure which symptoms are important, yet you knew when to come to the clinic for help. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
stating expectations for appropriate behavior
establishing behavior parameters |
|
|
Term
| examples of limit setting |
|
Definition
| nurse says it seems that you are feeling unsure of how to behave. client says what do you mean. nurse says you're asking me a lot of personal questions. you are here because of health problems. what brought you to the clinic. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
North American Nursing Diagnosis Association
added the diagnosis step into the nursing process |
|
|
Term
| what are nurses' roles/responsibilities in a managed care environment? |
|
Definition
caregiver
educator
case manager
uses triage to determine the most appropriate intervention for clients |
|
|
Term
| research and human subjects |
|
Definition
| when doing research on human subjects be sure to safeguard the rights of the participants. |
|
|
Term
| rights of human subjects during research |
|
Definition
informed consent
protection from discomfort and harm
fair treatment
anonymity
privacy
self-determination |
|
|
