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Fundamentals Chapter 23
Administering Medications
61
Nursing
Undergraduate 1
02/12/2010

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Term
nursing practice acts
Definition
these identify nursing responsibilities for administration and client monitoring
Term
US drug legislation
Definition
this sets official drug standards, regulates controlled substances
Term
stock supply
Definition
this is a bulk quantity in a central location, with non-clin
Term
unit dose
Definition
this is individually wrapped, client specific drawers, only has a 24 supply
Term
24 Hour supply
Definition
what does not describe the stock supply? bulk quantity, 24 hour supply, central location,
Term
automated dispenser
Definition
this is a password-accessible locked cart, computerized tracking, combines stock and unit doses
Term
pharmacokinetics
Definition
what happens to the drug in the body
Term
pharmacodynamics
Definition
how the drug affects the body
Term
absorption,distribution, metabolism, excretion
Definition
what are the four processes of pharmacokinetics?
Term
route of administration, drug solubility (water of fat soluble), pH/ionization, blood flow
Definition
what are some factors affecting absorption?
Term
fat soluble
Definition
if you need a drug to reach the CNS, what solubility does it have to be?
Term
IV-dont give IM because they will have poor circulation
Definition
if someone is in shock, what route would you use to administer their meds?
Term
local blood flow, membrane permeability, protein-binding capacity
Definition
what are some factors affecting distribution?
Term
liver function, health/disease status, first-pass effect
Definition
what are some factors affecting metabolism?
Term
if they have any liver issues-if the liver cannot metabolize it properly there will be toxic levels in their body
Definition
because many drugs are formulated for the first pass effect, what do you need to take into consideration before administering the drug?
Term
organ function, especially the kidneys, liver and lungs
Definition
what are some factors affecting elimination?
Term
peak
Definition
this term means the rate of absorption = the rate of elimination in the body
Term
trough
Definition
this is the level of the drug, right before the next dose
Term
metabolism is taking longer
Definition
if the half-life is still elevated, what is this telling you?
Term
adverse reactions
Definition
these are unpredicted effects (e.g. hypersensitivity)
Term
C. idiosyncratic reaction
Definition
a child takes benedryl which normally makes children drowsy, but unfortunately it makes this child hyperactive. what kind of reaction is this?

a. adverse reaction
b. allergic reaction
c. idiosyncratic reaction
d. cumulative reaction
Term
clients full name, date and time order was written, name of the med, dosage size, frequency and number of doses, route of admin, signature of prescriber
Definition
what are the components of the medication order?
Term
1. before you pour
2. after you pour
3. at the bedside
Definition
when do you perform your three checks?
Term
right drug, pt, dose, time, route, documentation
Definition
what are the six rights?
Term
right reason, right to know, right to refuse
Definition
what are the other three rights?
Term
oral
Definition
what is the most commonly used route of med admin?
Term
sublingual
Definition
this is one of the fastest routes when using the oral route
Term
peak action
Definition
when the concentration of medication is highest in the blood, the medicaation has reached its
Term
duration of action
Definition
period of time in which the medication has a pharmacological effect...
Term
therapeutic level
Definition
concentration of a drug in the blood serum that produces the desired effect without toxicity
Term
therapeutic range
Definition
range of therapeutic concentrations
Term
trough level
Definition
occurs right before the next dose is due, when drug is at its lowest concentration
Term
primary effects
Definition
those effects of medication that are predicted, intended and desired
Term
secondary effects
Definition
these are uintended, nontherapeutic effects
Term
side effects
Definition
these are unintended, often predictable, physiological effects that are usually well-tolerated by patients
Term
adverse reaction
Definition
these are harmful, unintended, usually unpredicted reactions to a drug administered at the normal dosage--dose related, or occur becuase of pt sensitivity
Term
toxic reactions
Definition
overdosing, accumulation of the drug or abnormal sensitivity to the drug are all signs of...
Term
allergic
Definition
urticaria, pruritis and rihinits are all considred what kind of reactions?
Term
anaphylactic reaction
Definition
life-threatening allergic reaction
Term
idiosyncratic
Definition
reaction that is unexpected, abnormal, or peculiar response to a medication (can take the form of extremem sensitivity, lack of response, agitation in response to a sedative
Term
body cannot metabolize the dose before next is given, excretion is slowed but absorption is normal or rapid, absorption is slowed
Definition
what are three reasons that lead to an accumulative effect?
Term
opioids and barbiturates
Definition
these two drugs are know for their cumulative effect
Term
drug incompatibility
Definition
this is when one or more drugs are mixed together and it causes a chemical deterioration of one or both the drugs
Term
saliva, rather than the GI tract
Definition
although placed in the mouth, buccal and sublingual meds are intended for absorption in the the?
Term
hydrophilic meds, will attract water
Definition
what kind of meds do you not want to give through feeding tubes?
Term
20-30 min
Definition
if enteral tube is connected to suction, you will discontinue the suction for how long after administering meds?
Term
gauge
Definition
this refers to the inside diameter of the needle lumen, the smaller the number, the larger the diameter
Term
smaller gauge needles 26-30
Definition
what kind of needles do you want to use for insulin and heparin?
Term
Im. intradermal or IV
Definition
long bevels are used for what kind of injections. short bevels?
Term
1mL but calibrated in 100 Units
Definition
tuberculin syringes have how many mL capacity?
Term
if the med is irritating to subq tissues, when you change needles after drawing up medication
Definition
when are you supposed to add air to the needle?
Term
subQ or IV
Definition
insulin is adminstered how?
Term
fast
Definition
regular insulin is_______acting
Term
long acting
Definition
cloudy insulin is________
Term
clear before cloudy
Definition
what is the saying for drawing up insulin (two kinds)
Term
promote absorption and minimize tissue damage
Definition
why do people rotate injection sites?
Term
add .2 mL of air after drawing up the correct dose, do not aspirate before injecting the pt, do not massage the site after the injection
Definition
rules for heparin?
Term
IM-bc the risk of hitting a blood vessel is great
Definition
on what type of injection do you always aspirate?
Term
subq or iv
Definition
how is heparin given
Term
IV push
Definition
medications are injected undiluted directly into the systemic circulation
Term
intermittent use only
Definition
IV piggy back allows for
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