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Definition
| Item/style that is introduced and widely accepted until it hits a plateau, nothing extreme, but desirable |
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Definition
| Group of consumers who share preferences and demographic characteristics (basic unit of human research) |
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| Define Collective Selection |
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Definition
| Idea that masses of people choose styles that click with the spirit of the times, forming a feedback loop between fashion industry and consumer |
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Definition
| Reoccuring patterns in styles or prices with a fixed, reg alteration between highs and lows |
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| Trend of short duration, gains rapid acceptance and dies quickly after |
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Definition
| A style popular in the present or set of trends accepted by wide audience |
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| Process of anticipating future trends (includes watching for signals of change and applying to predict possible outcomes) |
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| People that filter innovative ideas and determine which will be widely accepted |
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Definition
| People that filter innovative ideas and determine which will be widely accepted |
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Definition
| Forecasting timeline that is long term |
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Term
| Define Long Wave Phenomenon |
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Definition
| A reoccurring pattern in price/styles where movement rises and falls |
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Definition
| Trend so fundamental it indicates critical reconstructing in culture |
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Definition
| Periodic movement of fashion from one extreme to the next |
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Term
| Define Short-term forecasting |
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Definition
| Process that begins 2-3 years before arrival of merchandise to store |
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Definition
| Focus on attracting a certain specific potential purchaser |
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| Identifiable similarities between styles, details, etc. that is accelerating demand by consumers |
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Definition
| Someone or something that represents the spirit of the times |
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Term
| What are the three misconceptions about fashion? |
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Definition
| Designers and retails dictate fashion, fashion is mysterious and unpredictable, someone must dress fashionably to know about fashion |
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Term
| Who uses forecasting? (5 groups) |
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Definition
| Designers, product developers, merchandisers, marketers, and promotional executives |
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Term
| How does forecasting create a competitive advantage? |
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Definition
| Continuous competition for the consumer's attention and money, long term projects studying that cohort's buying habits |
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Term
| What should a trend forecast identify? |
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Definition
| Qualitative and quantitative elements (looks at cultural indicators and sales forecasts) |
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| Identify Nystrom’s factors that guide the direction of fashion based on the zeitgeist. (5 factors) |
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Definition
| Dominating events, ideals, social groups, attitude, and technology |
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| Where does the power of the zeitgeist lie? |
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Definition
| It's ability to coordinate across product categories. |
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Definition
| Phase in forecasting when a trend is dissected to be understood |
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Definition
| Small group of innovators who begin diffusion process by spreading trends visually or verbally |
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Definition
| When a trend catches the attention of many, and manufacturers rush to make the same thing |
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Term
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Definition
| Estimated success of an innovation based on the cohort's norms and values |
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Term
| Define Consumer Adoption Process |
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Definition
| The mental process used by individuals to decide between adopting or rejecting a trend |
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Definition
| A portion of the population identified by demographics (age, gender, ethnicity, and income) |
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Term
| Define Consumer Segmentation |
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Definition
| The practice of dividing the total population into homogeneous groups that can be targeted with products |
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Definition
| A visualization of diffusion of innovation as a bell curve showing the progressive participation of consumers from innovators to laggards |
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Definition
| The process where innovations spreads within a social system |
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Definition
| A stage in the consumer adoption process after a piece is purchased and the consumer is looking for confirmation |
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Term
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Definition
| The risk of performance problems after the purchase, the risk that the price will cause the buyer to spend less on other things, or the risk that the price will fall after purchase |
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Term
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Definition
| Risking becoming bored of a purchase or not liking it as much as you thought |
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Term
| Define Evolution of a Trend |
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Definition
| Development stages for a trend, each stage offering the opportunity for people to take note of the trend and make money off it |
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Term
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Definition
| People who are looked to for advice about clothes/ known as opinion leaders |
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Definition
| The process that happens when a trend passes from a small group of trendys to other cohorts |
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Definition
| innovation arises, trendiest manufacturers, designers, and consumers adopt |
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Term
| Define Generational Cohorts |
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Definition
| Group of consumers who share the same "age location" (in history/collective mindset) |
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Term
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Definition
| Change agents who are recognized for their fashion abilities and set standards for their fashion group |
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Definition
| Something new presented to the public that will hopefully be liked/worn |
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Definition
| People who adopt new products earlier than their social group |
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Definition
| An optional stage in a consumer's adoption process when the consumer tries to find out more about the innovation |
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Term
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Definition
| Trends that are acceptable to the majority of people |
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Term
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Definition
| Self-replicating ideas (catchy slogans, etc) that spread without support from the original source |
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Term
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Definition
| Part of consumer adoption process, the degree of visibility afforded to that innovation |
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Term
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Definition
| Imagined potential consequences of buying something new and cool |
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Definition
| Things derived from magazines, tv, etc. popularized by celebs as source of inspiration for consumer purchasing |
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Term
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Definition
| Marketing approach that appeals to specific consumers to differentiate the product from all other in that category |
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Term
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Definition
| Original sources written at the time the change was taking place |
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Term
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Definition
| Aspects of lifestyle and consumer preferences/psychology that are used to identify a consumer segment (based on shared values, attitudes, preferences, and behavior) |
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Term
| Define Relative Advantage |
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Definition
| The perception that an innovation is more satisfying than items already in that same class of products |
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Term
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Definition
| The cumulative form of the diffusion, can be used to represent the spread of an innovation from one person to the next |
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Definition
| The risk that the consumer's social group will not approve of a purchase |
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Term
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Definition
| The ability/ease of a product to be tested for effectiveness and use |
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Term
| Draw Roger's Diffusion Curve |
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Definition
Draw Roger's Diffusion Curve
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Term
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Definition
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| What are the 5 characteristics of innovation |
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Definition
| Relative advantage, compatibility, Complexity, trialability, observability |
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Term
| How do marketers and merchandisers lower the risk of adopting an innovation for a consumer? |
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Definition
| Get celebs to endorse their products |
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Term
| What are the 5 steps of Roger's Consumer Adoption Process? What year? |
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Definition
| 1983, knowledge, persuasion, decision, implementation, confirmation (KPDIC) |
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Term
| Recognize the 8 steps in Robertson’s consumer adoption process? What year? |
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Definition
| 1971, problem perception, awareness, comprehension, attitude, legitimation, trial, adoption, dissonance (PAC-AL-TAD) |
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Term
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Definition
| Appearance style that combines traits associated with masculinity and femininity |
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Term
| Define Bubble Up (AKA Trickle Up and Status Float Phenomenon) |
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Definition
| Chain of events beginning with streetstyle and ending with that style in a designer's collection |
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Term
| Define Chase & Flight (AKA trickle down) |
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Definition
| Idea that fashion change starts with imitators "chasing" high status fashionistas, and the upper class "flys" from that trend to a new one |
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Term
| Define Conspicuous Consumption |
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Definition
| Behavior of wealthy where they spend their money one showing, expensive things |
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Term
| Define Conspicuous Counter-consumption (AKA Reverse Ostentation) |
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Definition
| When rich people deny their status by dressing down |
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Term
| Define Conspicuous Leisure |
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Definition
| Rich people who don't work but travel, entertain, and pursue pleasure |
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Term
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Definition
| Slag for styles that combine masculine and feminine characteristics |
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Term
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Definition
| Slag for combining masculine and feminine characteristics in a way that merges that two sensibilities |
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Term
| Define Historic Continuity |
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Definition
| The concept that fashion is a steady evolution of styles, including reoccuring symbols and elements of decor |
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Term
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Definition
| Copying designs from expensive things at a lower cost but not putting the name on it (because that's illegal) |
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Term
| Define Mass Market Theory |
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Definition
| (AKA trickle across theory and simultaneous adoption theory) Idea that fashion info moves across the social strata, allows access to fashion ideas by consumers in all income groups |
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Term
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Definition
| Revival of a look or style from a former decade but it's updated |
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Term
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Definition
| Clothes that are mass produced and don't require alterations |
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Term
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Definition
| Styles, accessories, etc. that insinuate have lots of money |
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Term
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Definition
| Groups that invent or adopt specific style codes that make them different from the mainstream and other subcultures |
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Term
| What is the history of ready to wear? |
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Definition
| Started with need for mass uniforms (war), Started in women's in the 20th century, standardized sizing 1937, good for economy, mail-order catalogues |
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Term
| What are the factors that contributed to fast growth and development of RTW |
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Definition
| Growth of urban population, early sewing machines, mail order catalogs, department stores |
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Term
| What are the downfalls of the trickle down theory? |
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Definition
| After RTW rich never consistently set new fashions, social system isn't that simple (each class has it's own way of imitation/differentiation) |
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Term
| What are the problems with the trickle across theory? |
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Definition
| 3-6 months from design to out-on-floor, everyone is at different levels of adoption (from innovator to laggard), "fast fashion" can get styles from design to floor in 10 days |
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