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French Revolution Beginning Stage
Causes/Beginning of French Revolution
42
History
10th Grade
12/11/2009

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Cards

Term
What did the Old Regime consist of?
Definition
1st, 2nd, and 3rd estates
Term

The 1st Estate was made up of the _______.

About how much % if the population was it?

Why where they able to own 10-15% if the land? (Hint: $)

Definition

1)Clergy (Galicans)

2) 1%

3) Didn't have to pay taxes and collected Tithes (10% of person's income)

Term

What did the 2nd Estate consist of?

About how much % were they and how much % of the land did they own?

What have they been avoiding?

They often held high positions where?

Definition

1) Nobility

2) 2% and 20-25%

3) Getting taxed

4) Government/Church/Army

Term

What was the 3rd Estate made up of?

How much % were they?

What is the order of their status/wealth? (3 answers)

Definition

1) Peasnants and everyone else

2) 98%

3) Bourgeoise/Artisans and workers/Peasant farmers

Term

Which taxes were placed on the 3rd estate?

What is the taille? The Tithe?

Definition

1) Taille/Tithe/Income tax/Pole tax

2) Land tax

3) Church tax from 10% of annual income

4) Salt tax (Gabelle)

Term

Who were the educated and enlightened people of the middle class?

Why did they want political and social power?

Why did they resent the 1st and 2nd estates?

Definition

1) Bourgeoise

2) catch up with economic power

3) they held all of the political power

Term

Who were the representatives of the 3rd Estate in the Estates General?

How wealthy were they?

Definition

1) Bourgeoise

2) As wealthy as the nobility

Term
Who were literate and suffered from high prices and food shortages?
Definition
Workers/Artisans
Term

Who  made up 80% of the population?

What tax did they have to pay?

Definition

1) Peasant Farmers

3) Corvee and taxes to nobility

Term
How did the American Revolution help start the French Revolution?
Definition
France aided them causing debt, and 3rd Estate of Fracne was fascinated by American ideas of liberty.
Term
Because of the Enlightenment, what were the dissatisfactions with the French monarchy?
Definition

1) Government inefficiency

2) Corruption

3) Priveleges of the aristocracy

Term

What were the Parlements?

How did it affect the revolution?

Definition

1) Royal courts dominated by hereditary nobility

2) difficult to tax wealthy

Term
Why was France's economy so weak?
Definition

1) no banks/paper currency/credit

2) Wealthy couldn't get taxed, only the poor since nobles were exempt from taxes

Term
Which wars caused the royal debt of France to increase?
Definition

1) Seven Years War

2) War os Austrian Succession

3) American Revolution

Term

How is Louis XVI significant to the American Revolution?

He was respected until the ______ _____.

Overall, he was a ______ ruler. (characteristic)

Definition

1) Helped defeat the British

2) French Revolution

3) Weak/indecisive

Term
Marie Antoinette caused problems for Louis XVI because?
Definition
She was Austrian (outsider) and spent a lot of money
Term

Who was the finance director in France? (1st one)

Who did he anger and how?

What did he believe about the debt?

Definition

1) Jaques Necker

2) aristocrats by saying they were getting too much money

3) Wasn't that bad

Term

What did Calonne want to do?

What happened to this plan?

How could this plan be passed?

Who is brought back eventually as a finance minister?

Definition

1) Land tax for all classes

2) Rejected by the Assembly of Notables

3) Estates General

4) Necker

Term
Why did Louis XVI open the Estates General?
Definition
To win popular support for new taxes
Term

How did the voting system in the original Estates General work?

What was revised? Why?

Definition

1) 1 vote per estate/separate voting

2) 3rd Estate was counted as two votes because the 3rd Estate was large and wanted to have equality w/ 1st and 2nd estates

 

Term
Who supported the strengthening of the 3rd Estates when they got their respresentatives doubled?
Definition
Liberal nobles/clergy
Term
What was the National Assembly?
Definition
Combination of 3rd/1st Estates and some liberal nobles
Term

Why did the NA (National Assembly) gather in a tennis court?

What did they say they must do?

What does King Louis XVI do?

Definition

1) Locked out of their meeting place

2) Make a constitution

3) Has Estates General meet with the assembly

Term

After meeting with the NA, the Estates General and NA become?

This is composed of?

Definition

1) National Constituent Assembly

2) All 3 estates

Term

What was the NA made mostly of?

This ended what?

What type of government was established?

Definition

1) Bourgeoise

2) Absolute monarchy

3) Constitutional Monarchy (Representative Government)

Term

What was the Bastille used for in medieval times?

What did it hold?

What were the rumors about the Bastille?

Definition

1) Fortress/Prison

2) Political Prisoners

3) That there was torture against the prisoners

Term

What was their a shortage of during the Bastille?

What were people afraid of?

What does this cause the people to do?

Who did Louis XVI fire?

Definition

1) Food

2) Louis XVi would use all of his troops around Versailles/Paris to end revolution

3) To arm themselves (Where are they going to get guns?)

4) Necker

Term

Who led the National Guard to the Bastille?

What did the three colors stand for?

Definition

1) Marquiss de Lafayette

2) Red/Blue for Paris, White for House of Bourbon

Term

What was the significant of the Bastille?

 

Definition

1) Louis recognizes new gov.

2) Louis planned on using troops (helped NA)

3) Revolution is strong

Term
What swept the provinces in the summer of 1789?
Definition
Great Fear
Term
What was the Great Fear?
Definition
Rumors of famine and that the peasants were going to be attacked by troops causing peasants to be discomforted
Term
What did the peasants do during the Great Fear? Why?
Definition
sacked castles of 2 nobles and burned documents about feudal obligations because they were sick of taxes and how they had to pay the nobles everything.
Term

What happens on the night of August 4, 1789?

What does the NA end?

What does the NA establish?

What is officially abolished?

Definition

1)Nobles and clergymen renounce all their rights to stop the rights

2) Serfdom/Feudalism, crvee, and priveleges of 1st/2nd estates

3) Equality in taxes and law

4) Old Regime

Term
What was the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen inspired by?
Definition

American:

1) Constitution/Declatation/Cons. Monarchy/

2) Power to the people (sovereignty)

Term

Match each statement with an enlightened philosopher.

 

1) Separation of powers

2)Freedom of expression/religion

3)Due process

4)Men are born and remain free/equal rights

5)Natural rights are liberty/property/security/resistance to gov

6)Law is expression of the General Will

 

These were all apart of?

Definition

1)Montesquieu

2)Voltaire

3)Beccaria

4)Locke

5)Locke

6)Roussea

7)Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen

Term

What increased rights were women given during the French Revolution?

What were they not given equality in?

Definition

1) Divorce

2) Inherit property

3) Child support

4) Law

5) Education

6) Jobs

Term

What did Olympe de Gouges write?

What happened to her later?

Who else called for this change?

Definition

1) Declaration of the Rights of Woman

2) Ignored and guillotined

3) Mary Wollstonecraft

Term

What caused the March on Versailles?

What was the result of this march?

Definition

1) Women upset about bread prices

2) Louis/NA moved to Paris to be watched more carefully

Term

What did the Civil Constitution of the Clergy cause the Clergy to choose?

What did it do to church property?

Definition

1) Either Gallican Church by taking an oath and be excommunicated or choose Roman Catholic Church and not be paid or part of Galican Church

2) Took control of their land

Term

What were Assignats?

What ended up resulting because of the excess amount of these?

 

Definition

1) Notes that promised people would be paid back when government sold church property (currency)

2) Caused inflation making the poor suffer

Term
After the assignats, how would the revolution be moving about?
Definition
In different factions/disunity
Term

What did the Constitution of 1792 establish?

Who sat to the left, middle and right?

Definition

1) Constitutional monarych/Unicameral Legislative Assembly

2) Liberals/Moderates/Conservatives

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