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Fr Zeps Military History Test 1
Chapters 1-5
210
History
Undergraduate 4
02/12/2011

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Term
Jamestown
Definition
1607-first permanent settlement on the North American Continent
Term
Capt. John Smith
Definition
European veteran, hired to teach Jamestown settlers military skills
Term
Lord De La Warr
Definition
European veteran, hired to teach Jamestown settlers military skills
Term
Sir Thomas Gates
Definition
European veteran, hired to teach Jamestown settlers military skills
Term
Sir Thomas Dale
Definition
European veteran, hired to teach Jamestown settlers military skills
Term
Capt Miles Standish
Definition
European veteran, hired to teach Plymouth settlers military skills
Term
Ancient and Honorable Artillery Company of Boston
Definition
1638-the first "volunteer militia," an exlusive society of 50-100 affluent men to keep martial spirit alive
Term
Strongholds
Definition
garrisons that colonists would pack into when danger threatened
Term
Capt Samuel Moseley
Definition
raised a company composed of apprentices, servants, seamen, and even convicted priates
Term
Capt Benjamin Church
Definition
1676-an Indian figher, authorized by Plymouth Colony governor, raised volunteer company of 200 men: whites and 140 friendly indians interested in rewards of indian booty and prisoners
Term
Opechancanough
Definition
1622-Indian Confederation Chief, assured whites they were safe before killing 25% of Virginia's population beginning the first Tidewater War
Term
Tidewater War
Definition
1622-started by Opechancanough killing 25% of Virginia's population in a surprise attack lasting 10 years
Term
Scond Tidewater War
Definition
1644-launched again by Opechancanough, indians suffered a decisive defeat. Opechancanough captured and killed
Term
Pequot War
Definition
1630s-war between the fierce Pequot tribe and the colonists aided by friendly tribes, concluded with the slaughter at Mystic River. Pequot were reduced to impotence
Term
Capt John Mason
Definition
1630s-led colonial troops in the slaughter at the Mystic River, killing of Pequot tribe
Term
Capt Underhill
Definition
1630s-led colonial troops in the slaughter at the Mystic River, killing of Pequot tribe
Term
King Philip's War
Definition
1675-Wampanoag Indians and their allies raided homes on New England frontier, cost many lives of settlers and destroyed indian tribes, New England went into debt greater than its property value
Term
Bacon's Rebellion
Definition
1675-Bacon wanted to kill all indians, rebelled from pacifist governor, killed indian innocents & fought governor's loyal forces until his death
Term
Gov William Berkeley
Definition
1675-governor during Bacon's Rebellion, believed they should discriminate between friendly and enemy indians
Term
St. Augustine
Definition
1565-Spain's eastern anchor in FL
Term
Fort Orange
Definition
first Dutch fort, it was built in the Hudson Valley
Term
French Indian Allies
Definition
Algonquin (Abnakis, Montagnais, Ottawas
Hurons) and Hurons in the North, Choctaws in the South, allied with
Term
English Indian Allies
Definition
Iroquios (The Five Nations)(Onondaga, Oneida, Cayuga, Seneca, Mohawk) in the north and in the south: Cherokees, Creeks, and Chicasaws allied with
Term
King William's War
Definition
1689-1697 between French and British over fishing rights, religious differences, struggle for domination in fur trade. conducted raids on each other, militia proved useless to stop them
Term
Count Frontenac
Definition
1689-Canada's governor, had a plan to take New York, defended Quebec well
Term
Sir William Phips
Definition
1690-captured Port Royal in French Indian war, failed in attacking Quebec
Term
New York Proposal
Definition
Queen Anne's War-proposition to attack Quebec and Montreal simultaneously
Term
Treaty of Ryswick
Definition
treaty ending Queen Anne's War, essentially putting things back into a prewar condition
Term
Queen Anne's War
Definition
1701-started in Europe, spread to colonies. French and Spanish vs. the British. Fighting occurred on all 3 fronts. France surrendered much of northern front, balance of power shifted to Britain despite Queen's failure to deliver
Term
Col Francis Nicholson
Definition
Queen Anne's War-commanded army of 1500 ready to attack Canada, however the Queen's ships failed to arrive
Term
Port Royal (Annapolis Royal)
Definition
1710-taken by British in Queen Anne's War makind Acadia a British Province
Term
Sir Hovenden Walker
Definition
1711-Commander of British fleet in charge of taking Quebec with army of regulars. Paranoid by risks of going into Canada in winter, called off invasion severely disappoint English colonies
Term
Brig Gen John Hill
Definition
1711-commander of British Regulars reponsible for western pincer of Quebec attack in Queen Anne's War
Term
Treaty of Utrecht
Definition
1713-ended Queen Anne's War, France gave English control of Hudson Bay, Acadia, and Newfoundland. Status quo reestablished in the South
Term
Fort Oswego
Definition
English-built fort meant to thwart French attemps at befriending indians
Term
Ft. Crown Point
Definition
French-built fort meant to thwart English attempts to maintain indian allies
Term
Louisbourg
Definition
formidiable French fortress guarding the mouth of the St. Lawrence. Meant to defend French eastern flank. Captured by colonies in 1745
Term
Yamassee War
Definition
1715-revold against English in south by Creeks & Yamassee tribes against treacherous white traders. French and Spanish goaded the indians, Carolinians ultimately won but impoverished themselves doing so
Term
James Ogelthorpe
Definition
1732-led the building of many forts in the newly established colony of Georgia stretching into Spanish territory; tried to take St Augustine but failed
Term
War of Jenkins' Ear
Definition
1739-British-Spanish conflict that merged into the war of Austrian Succession
Term
King George's War
Definition
War from 1744-1748 where the English colonies fought with the British & French colonies. Also called War of the 1740s
Term
Cartagena
Definition
1739-Main Spanish port, assaulted by 3600 colonists and British Regulars, colonist militia were treated badly and they were defeated, strained British/Colonist relations further
Term
Admiral Edward Vernon
Definition
1739-British Adm in charge of the attack in Cartagena, failed badly
Term
William Pepperrell
Definition
1745-commanded colonist volunteers who took Louisbourg from the French
Term
Treaty of Ai-la-Chapelle
Definition
1748-Treaty between Great Britain and France, among its concessions was the handing of recently-captured Louisbourg back to the French
Term
General Abercromby
Definition
1758-led 12000 British Regulars and colonial troops to take Ft. Ticonderoga and failed
Term
Ft. Ticonderoga
Definition
1754-French stronghold on the tip of Lake St. George, General Abercromby failed to take this fort with his 12000 men
Term
Ft. Duquesne
Definition
1754-Build by the French at Ohio Valley after being taken from colonists, the most strategic point in the west connected northern holdings with French LA holdings
Term
Great War for Empire
Definition
1756-Also known as the French and Indian War, the first true World War
Term
Maj General Edward Braddock
Definition
1755-arrived in Virginia with 2 regiments of Regulars to fight French & Indian War as Commander in Chief. Led Ft. Duquesne attack personally but was ambushed and killed
Term
William Johnson
Definition
1755-appointed by MajGen Braddock head of Crown Point colonist forces and Indian affairs for French & Indian War
Term
Governor Shirley
Definition
1755-led the Niagara expedition in French & Indian War but operation was aborted
Term
MajGen Montcalm
Definition
1756-Led New France soldiers in French & Indian War taking Ft. Oswego, severing British access to Great Lakes, and Ft William Henry. Died in battle for Quebec
Term
William Pitt
Definition
1757-assumed control of Brit war effort, advocate for large navy, cut off supplies to France, ultimately won war
Term
Jeffery Amherst
Definition
1758-commanded Louisbourg expedition in French & Indian War and won despite being outnumbered, also took Niagara
Term
BrigGen James Wolfe
Definition
1758-under Amherst, surprised French at Louisbourg and won
Term
Whig idealogy
Definition
preached a dichotomy between power of libery. colonists were fighting against French and for liberty (from British)
Term
Navigation Acts
Definition
designed to regulate trade trade for the mother country's (Britain) benefit
Term
Pontiac
Definition
1763-Chief of Ottawa tribe, led attacks on frontier posts until he was put down by General Gage
Term
Gen Thomas Gage
Definition
1764-Gen Amherst's successor, put down Pontiac threat in west
1776-Replaced by Gen Howe
Term
Proclamation Line
Definition
1763-temporarily closed west beyond Appalachians to white settlement, frequently violated
Term
Stamp and Quartering Act
Definition
1765-sparked colonial anger for further taxing the colonies
Term
Sons of Liberty
Definition
1765-enforced non-importation agreements, forced stamp agents to resign, ransacked homes of unpopular British officials
Term
Dr Benjamin Church
Definition
1774-trusted member of the Revolutionary inner circle, informed Gen Gage of Congress' intentions and buildup of military supplies in Concord
Term
LtCol Francis Smith
Definition
1775-Dispatched by Gage to destroy military stock in Concord, saved by reinforcements in Lexington
Term
George III
Definition
King during time of Revolutionary War
Term
Hessians
Definition
Professional German soldiers hired by British to fill ranks in Rev. War. 30000 were sent to colonies
Term
Sir Frederick North
Definition
responsible for conducting Rev War for British, lacked charisma and unifying personality
Term
Lord George Germain
Definition
responsible for conducting Rev War for British, lacked charisma and unifying personality
Term
Battle of Concord
Definition
1775-started revolutionary war. lasted less than 5 minutes, 8 Americans died, 10 wounded
Term
Battle of Lexington
Definition
1775-followed battle of Concord, redcoats were panicked and saved from colonists by reinforcements
Term
Battle of Great Bridge
Definition
1775-Virginia's royal gov, Lord Dunmore, tried to utilize Loyalist forces and slaves but was defeated by Virginia's militia here
Term
Lord Dunmore
Definition
1775-tried to mobilize Loyalist forces but was defeated by Virginia militia at Battle of Great Bridge
Term
Josiah Martin
Definition
1775-tried to mobilize Loyalist forces, defeated by North Carolina militia at Battle of Moore's Creek Bridge
Term
Battle of Moore's Creek Bridge
Definition
1775-Josiah Martin tried to mobilize Loyalist forces but was defeated by North Carolina here
Term
George Washington
Definition
1775-selected to lead the first Continental Army, embodied revolution
1776-led troops from Boston to defend NYC
1777-fled NYC, kept army between redcoats and Philly
Term
Board of War and Ordnance
Definition
1776-first permanent committee formed in Congress to give continuity to Army administration, eventually expanded to include military officers
Term
Ethan Allen
Definition
1775-overwhelmed British Garrison at ticonderoga, captured Crown Point
Term
Benedict Arnold
Definition
1775-overwhelmed British Garrison at ticonderoga, captured Crown Point. Ordered by Washington to take Quebec but failed
1777-won battle of Valcour Island
1780-mutinied, selling plans of West Point
Term
Battle of Bunker Hill
Definition
1775-Gen Howe's frontal assaults were driven back twice before third try succeeded, 1000 British casualties
Term
Gen Howe
Definition
1775-advisor to Gen Gage, took Bunker Hill on 3rd try.
1776-moved too slowly to defeat Washington at NYC, Washington escaped
1776-replaced Gage as CiC
Term
Gen Philip Schuyler
Definition
1775-received orders from Congress (unkown to Washington) to take Montreal, failed
1777-gave up Ticonderoga, disliked, he was replaced by Gates
Term
Henry Knox
Definition
1775-brilliant artilleryman, took cannons from Ticonderoga to Boston
1789-first secretary of war
Term
Dorchester Heights
Definition
1776-artillery placed here by Knox and Washington, forced the British out of town
Term
Thomas Paine
Definition
1776-wrote Common Sense, convinced many colonists that separation from Britain was the answer
Term
Common Sense
Definition
1775-written to convince colonists to separate from Britain, argued against monarchy and George III by name
Term
Richard Lord Howe
Definition
1776-commanded navy in assault on New York City
Term
Sir Guy Carleton
Definition
1776-came down from Canada through Lake Champlain to defeat rebels at NYC
Term
New York City
Definition
1776-place of much military action involving Howe brother and G. Washington, Continental forces escaped alive
Term
White Plains
Definition
1776-G. Washington dug in here to defend against Howe goading him into a frontal attack, Howe instead outflanked Washington, rebels got away again
Term
Brooklyn Heights
Definition
1776-Gen Howe was too cautious in assailing this this position, instead put together a formal siege allowing G Washington and his men to escape Manhattan
Term
Harlem Heights
Definition
1776-place where Americans set up defensive positions after fleeing Brooklyn Heights, remained HQ for remainder of war
Term
Newport, RI
Definition
1776-attacked by Gen Clinton after battles for NYC
1780-abandoned by British and taken by French
Term
Battle of Valcour Island
Definition
1776-Arnold's fleet held off Carleton's fleet, Carleton withdrew
Term
Trenton
Definition
1776-Washington crossed the Delaware R and smashed a Hessian outpost here on Christmas
Term
Princeton
Definition
1777-Taken by Washington after a brilliant sidestepping maneuver
Term
Brandywine Creek
Definition
1777-position where Washington and Continentals took up position to defend Philadelphia from Howe's forces
Term
Philladelphia
Definition
1777-important to morale of rebels, garrisoned by Howe
Term
Gen Burgoyne
Definition
1777-British aid to Howe, took Ticonderoga
Term
Horatio Gates
Definition
1777-replaced the disliked Schuyler and immediately defeated British at Bemis Heights
1780-put in charge of southern army and promptly lost an entire army
Term
Saratoga
Definition
1777-location where Horatio Gates defeated British after losing Ticonderoga
Term
Valley Forge
Definition
1777-location where Continental Army spent winter, rumors of replacing Washington w/Gates swirled. Friedrich Wilhelm whipped them into shape here
Term
Friedrich Wilhelm
Definition
1777-got colonial forces fighting fit over the winter at Valley Forge
Term
Nathanael Greene
Definition
1778-one of Washington's aides, whipped logistics into shape, helped army survive winter at Valley Forge
Term
Treaty of Alliance
Definition
1778-France, convinced that colonies could win, signed this document to provide aid
Term
Gen Clinton
Definition
1776-sent to attack Newport, RI
1778-replaced Howe as CiC, abandoned Philly, moved south
1780-took Charleston
Term
Gen Charles Lee
Definition
1778-responsible for initial rebel assault on Monmouth Courthouse but forces fell back in disorder
Term
Monmouth Courthouse
Definition
1778-last great battle in the North, Washington and Lee attacked the rear of Clinton's moving column, Clinton's army escaped when night fell
Term
LtCol Archibald Campbell
Definition
1778-attacked Savannah, easily took it
Term
Charleston
Definition
1780-taken from the landward side by Clinton's forces, an entire american army surrendered south of the city
Term
Col Banastre Tarleton
Definition
1780-commanded Loyalist British Legion, defeated SC's rebels at Waxhaws killing all that surrendered
Term
Waxhaws
Definition
1780-SC-Col Tarleton slaughtered all rebels that surrendered
Term
Morristown
Definition
location where continental army wintered during 1779-1780 winter
Term
Camden
Definition
1780-Gates lost an entire army to Cornwallis at this southern city
Term
Comte de Rochambeau
Definition
1780-Frenchman sent to aid rebels, recovered abandoned Newport, RI
Term
Gen Greene
Definition
1780-risky commander, put down loyalists in the south, helped by Daniel Morgan, an expert rifle corps commander. Lost to Cornwallis at Guilford Courthouse after inflicting severe losses on british. Never claimed a victory but destroyed british
Term
Daniel Morgan
Definition
1780-crushed Cornwallis' men at Cowpens, then rushed to join Greene. Reconquered all of south except Savannah and Charleston
Term
Guilford Courthouse
Definition
1780-a loss for Greene's Americans only after inflicting heavy damage to Cornwallis' British force
Term
Compte de Grasse
Definition
1781-departed from France with strong fleet to aid revolution
Term
Battle of the Virginia Capes
Definition
1781-French fleet beat a british fleet keeping supplies from reaching Cornwallis
Term
Cowpens
Definition
1780-Daniel Morgan crushed Cornwallis' forces here, 90% of british were killed or taken prisoner
Term
Yorktown
Definition
1781-unique because nothing went wrong, Washington and French trapped Cornwallis and 8000 men, forced surrender ending southern phase of war
Term
Lord Dunmore's War
Definition
1774-1000 indians attack militia at Point Pleasant but failed. Indians gave up extensive land claims
Term
Henry Hamilton
Definition
1777-british commander who raided Kentucky with indians to distract americans from revolution, captured several forts but surrendered to Clark
Term
George Rogers Clark
Definition
1778-tried to end indian menace by destroying british at Detroit and then focussing on indians. Succeeded at Vincennes
Term
Cherokees
Definition
1776-rose up against Georgians and Carolinians but were destroyed by 4500 miltia, ended indian participation in southern war
Term
Iroquis
Definition
1779-destroyed in Northby Gen John Sullivan's men opening the west and expanding border beyond seaboard
Term
Battle of Newton
Definition
1779-Loyalist and indian forces clashed with Gen Sullivan's forces and were defeated
Term
Gen John Sullivan
Definition
1779-marched on Iroquois territory, destroying Loyalists on the way, driving Iroquois to Niagara
Term
Hannah
Definition
1775-chartered by Washington to raid supply ships aiding british
Term
Privateers
Definition
privately owned vessels sailed under commission to attack enemy supply ships. Harmed british more than any other naval warfare
Term
Continental Navy
Definition
authorized in 1775, had very few well trained men, often sat idle for lack of men, usually sailed alone
Term
David Bushnell
Definition
1772-discovered gunpowder would explode underwater and developed first submarine mine. Also built first manned submarine
Term
Newburgh Conspiracy
Definition
1783-officers from continental army violated congress and demanded half-pay for life
Term
Newburgh Address
Definition
1783-called for a meeting to discuss means for obtaining redress, Washington was in the dark so it was unofficial
Term
Society of the Cincinnati
Definition
1983-formed to unite former officers in a charitable organization. Hereditary membership scared citizens into perceiving a social elite was being formed
Term
Alexander Hamilton
Definition
1783-called for an army in the west to deter indians, a well established militia, arsenals to supply the militias, military academies. His plan was discarded by Congress
Term
1st American Regiment
Definition
1784-1st national peacetime force in american history-700 men from 4 states. Commanded by Josiah Harmar
Term
Josiah Harmar
Definition
1784-placed in command of the 1st American Regiment, unable to dominate British and indians in west
Term
Daniel Shays
Definition
1786-burdened by debts and taxes, led farmers in a rebellion against the gov't
Term
Legion of the United States
Definition
1793-5280 officers and men divided into 4 equal sublegions. First used to fight Indians in Ohio River Valley
Term
Anthony Wayne
Definition
1790-commander of the Legion of the United States
Term
Battle of Fallen Timbers
Definition
1796-Legion of the United States and Tennessee Volunteers drove out 500 hostile indians, British refused to help
Term
Treaty of Greenville
Definition
1794-Indians gave up most of Ohio and some of Indiana. Lessened British influence in the Northwest
Term
Whiskey Rebellion
Definition
1794-erupted in western Pennsylvania as a protest against tax on whiskey. First time militias acted together as a national, rather than local force
Term
Corps of Artillerists and Engineers
Definition
1794-garrissoned seaboard forts and important seaports during French Revolution
Term
Jay's Treaty
Definition
1794-negotiated by John Jay to form temporary peace with Britain during the French Revolution
Term
Quasi-War with France
Definition
1797-1800-President J. Adams tried to prevent war w/France but French minister would not listen w/out huge bribe known as the XYZ Affair. Ended with Convention of 1800
Term
Alien & Sedition Acts
Definition
1798-passed to suppress internal opposition to gov't actions during the Quasi War w/France. Created 10000 man provisional army
Term
Benjamin Stoddert
Definition
1798-first secretary of the Navy, requested 6 74 gun ships and 2 drydocks
Term
Convention of 1800
Definition
1800-ended Quasi War w/France
Term
Military Academy
Definition
established in 1802, created a corps of engineers distinct from the artillery
Term
Commodore Edward Preble
Definition
1803-led 3rd expedition against pirates at Tripoli, blockaded harbor, damaged defenses and enemy ships in the harbor, forced a peace treaty with the Pasha of Tripoli in 1805
Term
Hartford Convention
Definition
1814-New England held this meeting as it did not want to join the war effort against Britain in the US interior, Pres Madison braced for succession
Term
LtGen Sir George Prevost
Definition
1814-responsible to Britain for defending the Canadian boarder against the US
Term
Gen William Hull
Definition
1814-led invasion into Canada but was repulsed, fell back to Detroit and surrendered to British regulars and indians
Term
Gen Stephen Van Renssalaer
Definition
1814-led US soldiers into Niagara, saw early victory but was soon defeated at Quennston Heights
Term
Constitution
Definition
1813-engaged in commerce raiding on British, destroyed the frigates Guerriere and Java
Term
Oliver H. Perry
Definition
1813-Destroyed British fleet at Lake Erie, taking Detroit
Term
Gen Gordon Drummond
Definition
1814-assumed command of British force before Lundy's Lane, a "muzzle to muzzle" engagement
Term
Chesapeake Bay offensive
Definition
1814-VADM Alexander Cochrane sailed up the bay and chased American fleet away, landed 4500 men to raid Washington
Term
Battle of Bladensburg
Definition
1814-attempt to stop British from burning the capital, 2 ranks of soldiers fled from Redcoats but 500 grounded sailors held them off until outflanked
Term
Samuel Smith
Definition
1814-defended Baltimore well denying British victory after they burned Washington. Ft McHenry withstood 24hrs of shells as Francis Scott Key wrote anthem
Term
Ft McHenry
Definition
1814-stood outside of Baltimore and withstood British assault after they burned Washington
Term
Andrew Jackson
Definition
1814-Hero for winning Creek War despite injury, shattered British New Orleans offensive
Term
Board of Navy Commissioners
Definition
1815-1842-helped the Secretary of the Navy administer his squadrons. Was too conservative, however, and was soon disbanded for a different structure
Term
Corps of Engineers
Definition
1842-established to maintain the Navy's ships that had steam plants
Term
Jacob Brown
Definition
1821-First single commanding General of the Army, uniting all commands to prevent warlard-like generals like Jackson from acting out. Put in place by John C. Calhoun
Term
John C Calhoun
Definition
1817-member of General Staff who increased peacetime staff and appointed one unified General of the Army
Term
General Staff
Definition
1815-established to advise secratary of war on matters related to the army
Term
Expansible Army Concept
Definition
1819-Calhoun's response to Congress' order to downsize military. Involved keeping all companies intact with line and staff officers but reducing the number of privates in peacetime
Term
Samuel F B Morse
Definition
1844-invented telegraph and made first transmission "What hath God wrought?"
Term
Joshua Shaw
Definition
1820-perfected percussion cap
Term
Claude E Minie
Definition
1850-invented minie ball, had a hollow base that expanded into rifle grooves, facilitated faster loading/higher fire rate
Term
The Fulton
Definition
1814-The first steam-powered warship designedby Robert Fulton. However, paddlewheels were vulnerable, coal limited range, and 1 ton of machinery = 1 horsepower
Term
Princeton
Definition
1843-First screw-propelled warship. Allowed engineering plant to be placed below waterline, equaled sail-powered ships in fighting ability
Term
Henri-Joseph Paixhans
Definition
1830-solved problems with shell-firing guns, method quickly adopted by Britain, France, and US
Term
The Michigan
Definition
1843-first public armed vessel built of iron
Term
Dennis Hart Mahan
Definition
1824-graduated West Point top of his class, transformed the transition of officership from craft to profession
1871-committed suicide jumping into a steam paddlewheel
Term
Karl von Clausewitz
Definition
1831-wrote "On War," one of the most profound writings on war ever written, not discovered by Americans until 1873
Term
Captain Sylvanus Thayer
Definition
1817-ordered by Pres Monroe to become superintendant of West Point because of expertise in French military schools and fortifications
Term
Artillery School of Practice
Definition
1824-Army's first postgraduate school at Fortress Monroe
Term
Infantry School of Practice
Definition
1827-Army's second postgraduate school founded at Jefferson Barracks, stayed open in name only
Term
George Bancroft
Definition
1845-SECNAV who, while temping as Sec of War, converted Fort Severn from Army to Navy and established Naval Academy
Term
Lewis and Clark
Definition
departed St Louis in 1804 and returned in 1806 traveling to the Pacific and back
Term
LT John C Fremont
Definition
1842-1845-made 3 trips that opened American eyes to the possibilities that existed in the west
Term
General Survey Act of 1824
Definition
authorized the use of military engineers for transportation improvements of commercial or military importance
Term
Lawrence Kearny
Definition
1844-protected American commerce w/China, helped negotiate treates to pen up Chinese and Japanese ports to trade
Term
Black Hawk War
Definition
1827-forced the Sac and Fox tribes out of prime real estate in Illinois, ended with the Battle of Bad Axe when men, women, and children were killed by volunteers
Term
Battle of Bad Axe
Definition
1832-Despite trying to surrender 3 times, the Fox and Sac tribes were massacred by white volunteers in Illinois
Term
Black Hawk
Definition
1832-old Sac chief who tried 3 times to surrender before his entire tribe was wiped out anyway by volunteers in Battle of Bad Axe
Term
Adams-Onis Treaty
Definition
1821-Spain realized it was going to lose Florida eventually, ceded it to US
Term
Second Seminole War
Definition
1835-lasted almost 7 years, reduced Seminole population from 5000 to 250 by its end
Term
James K Polk
Definition
1844-won presidency on manifest destiny platform, split Oregon on 49th parallel
Term
Nueces River
Definition
1846-well north of the Rio Grande, Mexicans claimed this was the southern border of Texas
Term
BrigGen Zachary Taylor
Definition
1846-marched to Nueche R mouth at Corpus Christi and then down to Rio Grande on Polk's orders, invading Mexico
Term
MajGen Mariano Arista
Definition
1846-Mexican Gen crossed Rio Grande w/cavalry and ambushed Taylor's forces starting war
Term
Battle at Palo Alto
Definition
1846-Taylor and Arista's forces met here, Taylor's artillery drove Mexican army back into defensive positions in old river beds
Term
David Connor
Definition
1846-Commander Home Squadron blockaded east coast of Mexico, troubled with scurvy, lack of ships, rough seas, and yellow fever
Term
Gen Pedro de Ampudia
Definition
1846-held Monterrey with 7500 troops but was defeated by Taylor in a street-fighting assault
Term
Monterrey
Definition
1846-location of fighting between Gen Taylor and Mex Gen Ampudia. Despite low ammo, Taylor was victorious and Mex forces withdrew
Term
Bear Flag Revolt
Definition
1846-Californians loyal to Mex revolted against US troops in Cali and New Mexico. Eventually put down in 1947
Term
Stephen W Kearney
Definition
1846-went from Ft Leveanworth to California to put down Bear Flag revold, succeeded by Col Sterling Price
Term
Col Sterling Price
Definition
1847-Put down rebellion in New Mexico after succeeding Kearney
Term
Santa Anna
Definition
1846-a symbol of Mex resistance to US, massed an army and attacked Taylor's weakened army in desert but was defeated. Lost to Scott later at Cerro Gordo. Later raised 30000 man army to defend Mexico City, circumnavigated by Scott and defeated again, lost 10x as many men
Term
General Scott
Definition
1846-fought south accompanying Gen Taylor, for political and tactical reasons given command of assault into Mexican heartland. Made first US amphibious landing, defeated Santa Anna as well
Term
Cerro Gordo
Definition
1847-locatin of battle between Scott's forces and Santa Anna at a rocky defensible position. Robert E Lee found a path around the flank and Santa Anna's forces fled
Term
Robert E Lee
Definition
1847-Found path around Santa Anna's defensible position and forced him to flee at Cerro Gordo
Term
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
Definition
1848-US paid Mex $15mil, Texas border pushed to Rio Grande, California and New Mex now belong to US
Term
Nicholas P Trist
Definition
1848-dispatched by Polk to sign treaty w/Mex. Disobeyed Polk's order to return when believed to be too conservative, signed Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
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