Term
| What is the aging schedule? |
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Definition
| Growth and ossification until 21-25, then deterioration. Women deteriorate faster after menopause. |
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Term
| Macroscopic Assessment of a Child's Age (4 factors) |
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Definition
-Long bone length
-Epiphyseal Fusion
-Tooth Formation
-Dental Eruption |
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Term
| Types of Fetal Bone Development (2 types) |
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Definition
-Intramembraenous- most of skull, and jaw
-Cartilaginous |
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Term
| Primary Center of Ossification |
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Definition
| Center of skull. Ossifies outwards |
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Term
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Definition
| "soft spot" on back of head. fuses at 1 yr. |
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Term
| Time of ossification union on occipital bone (3 of them) |
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Definition
Mastoid- after birth
Squamous-Lateral - 5 yrs.
Lateral-basilar - 6 yrs. |
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Term
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Definition
bone that changes from cartilage to bone.
Forelimbs: 10 yrs.
Ossifies from center, outwards.
Hindlimbs: 7 weeks |
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Term
| Age if femur has no fusion? |
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Definition
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Term
| Clavicle. When it appears, and fuses? |
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Definition
first bone to appear, 5 weeks
epiphysis appears 11 yrs
last to fuse at 30 yrs |
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Term
| Secondary Ossification Centers |
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Definition
| connects the foot bones once they have grown |
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Term
|
Definition
1) elbow
2) pelvis
3) ankle
4) knee
5) wrist
6) shoulder |
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Term
|
Definition
| dentin development, 6 weeks |
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Term
|
Definition
| enamel development, 14 weeks |
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Term
| When do you have no deciduous teeth? |
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Definition
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Term
| Sternal Rib End Deterioration (4 factors) |
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Definition
Surface Bone - smooth to porous
Surface Contour - billow to V to U
Rim Edge - round to sharp and thin
Rim Contour - straight to claw-shaped |
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Term
| Difference between male and female sternal rib ends? |
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Definition
| Men tend to "crab claw" and ossify on the outside, but women ossify from the center |
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Term
| Innominate Aging Methods (2) |
|
Definition
Auricular Surface
Pubic Symphyseal Surface |
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Term
| Parts of the Pubic Symphysis (4) |
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Definition
Dorsal Margin
Ventral Margin (anterior)
Lower Extremity
Upper Extremity |
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Term
| What happens to pubic symphysis? |
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Definition
Dorsal Plateau
Ventral Rampart |
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Term
| Auricular Surface changes |
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Definition
Apex forms and gets thick
Retroauricular surface- smooth to coarse
Auricular surface - gets coarse and porous |
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Term
| Ectocranial Suture Fusion |
|
Definition
10 sites
Fusion score from 0-3. (open - fused) |
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Term
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Definition
| the physical appearance in which your genotype is expressed |
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Term
|
Definition
| change in frequency of a certain allele because of random mating. |
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Term
|
Definition
| transfer of genes from one population to another |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
| Nasal Root Ancestry Determination |
|
Definition
Low (less wide) is Asian/African
High (wider) is European |
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Term
| Root Width Ancestry Determination |
|
Definition
Narrow = European
Wide = African |
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Term
| Orbital Shape Ancestry Determination |
|
Definition
Angular/Lateral Sag = European
Round = Asian
Rectangular = African |
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Term
| Facial Projections Ancestry Determination |
|
Definition
Asian = lower orbital border projects forward
African = from nose to maxilla projects forward, larger jaws in general
European = lesser facial angle and smaller jaw |
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Term
| What happens to Europeans jaws because they are smaller? |
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Definition
| The teeth are often crowded and impacted |
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Term
| What does a post-bregmatic depression indicate? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Palate Shape Ancestry Determination |
|
Definition
Asian = wide/rounded
European = U-shaped, less wide |
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Term
| Metopic Suture Retention Ancestry Determination |
|
Definition
| if it's there, it indicates Eurpoean |
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Term
| What ancestry do lots of wormian bones indicate? |
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| lingal side of tooth has raised enamel. Asian |
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Term
| Intercondylar Shelf Angle |
|
Definition
| On distal Femur. Blacks less than 141 less than Whites. Go by Blumensaat's Line which is visible by x-ray. EMILY CRAIG |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Discriminant Function Cons |
|
Definition
-need to know gender
-need complete skull
-not good for native americans
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Term
| Good Evidence for Biological Sex |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Poor Evidence for Biological Sex |
|
Definition
| clothing, wigs, jewelry, license, |
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Term
|
Definition
can be used for sexing. use size and height.
males = bigger and taller. |
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Term
| Acetabulum for gender determination |
|
Definition
| Females face more anteriorly |
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Term
| Using Innominate for gender determination |
|
Definition
Male: Pubic shape is pointier, subpubic angle sharper, pelvic inlet heart-shaped
Female: Pubic shape is squarish, subpubic angle is wide, pelvic inlet is round |
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|
Term
|
Definition
used for gender determination.
Ventral Arc
Subpubic Concavity
Ischiopubic Ramus - much thicker on male |
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Term
|
Definition
| groove that indicates its a female |
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Term
|
Definition
| marks on pubic bone that indicate female |
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Term
|
Definition
Female: wider u-shape
Male: narrow v-shape |
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Term
|
Definition
| Pubic Length/Ischium Length X 100 |
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Term
| Sex Determination from Skull |
|
Definition
| Male: bigger brow ridge, squarish eye socket, square chin, ascending ramus angles out, angled back forehead, larger mastoid process |
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Term
| Sex Determination from Ascending Ramus |
|
Definition
| Male angle is less than female |
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Term
| Skulls over time for gender determination |
|
Definition
| skulls have changed greatly over time. old females look like current males. |
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Term
| Heads of Long Bones for gender determination |
|
Definition
| larger long bone heads on males, as well as the glenoid cavity |
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Term
|
Definition
| Polygenic traits, environment, disease, nutrition, temperature. |
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Term
|
Definition
| did lots of work with stature. direct measurements and found 3.2 cm for soft tissue space on avg. |
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Term
| Problems with Direct Measurement for Stature |
|
Definition
-All bones needed
-Joint spacing
-Curvature
-Soft Tissue Shrinkage |
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Term
|
Definition
| measured skull, vertebrae, foot, femur, and tibia for stature. soft tissue correction. |
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Term
| Mathematical Correlation for Stature |
|
Definition
| Jean Sue - artistic aid Matthieu Orfila - medicolegal, measure bone and get average stature Rollet - found average bone length |
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Term
|
Definition
1886 Britain.
-predicted stature from long bones.
-used 50 males & 50 females |
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Term
|
Definition
-took 5000 bodies and did tons of research on stature.
-right = to left
-all lengths are correlated
-lower limbs are best
-secular trends
-age correction factor |
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Term
| Problems with Trotter and Glesser Method |
|
Definition
Time of day changes your height
Inaccurate reporting
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Term
|
Definition
| the differences between genders. humans = 92% |
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Term
| Young/Middle/Late Adulthood Ages? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
|
Definition
| the space in the alveolar process occupied by a developing tooth |
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Term
|
Definition
| Artistic Aid who was first to document estimating stature |
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Term
|
Definition
Medicolegal
Measured bone and found average stature |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| found average lengths of bones |
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