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Fluoroquinolones
n/a
53
Medical
Pre-School
07/14/2012

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Term
synthetic antimicrobials similar in structure to nalidixic acid, a quinolone
Definition
Fluoroquinolones
Term
initial fluoroquinolone
Definition
Norfloxacin
Term
Most widely employed floroquinolones
Definition
levofloxacin, ciprofloxacin
Term
fluoroquinolones besides levofloxacin and ciprofloxacin are mainly used for treatment of
Definition
urinary tract and respiratory tract infections
Term
interfere with bacterial DNA replication, transcription, and repair through inhibition of DNA gyrase (topoisomerase II) during bacterial prolieration.
Definition
Flouroquinolones
Term
Inhibits topoisomerase IV, essential for chromosomal DNA partitioning during bacterial cell division.
Definition
Third and Fourth generation fluoroquinolones
Term
induce bacterial cell death by evoking cleavage of bacterial DNA
Definition
Fluoroquinolones
Term
may exhibit synergism with B-lactams
Definition
Fluoroquinolones
Term
Bactericidial vs. gram negatives, atypical, variable G+ activity
Definition
Fluoroquinolones
Term
active vs. gram negative organisms:
-Proteus, E. Coli, Klebsiella (PECK)
-Shigella, Salmonella
-Enterobacter
-Pseudomonas
-Haemophilus influenze
-Moraxella ctarrhalis
-Campylobacter
-Neisseria gonorrhoeae
-Citrobacter
-Serratia
-Vibrio
-Legionella

-Mycoplasma, Chlamydia, Mycobacteriua
variable G+
Definition
Floroquinolones
Term
most commonly prescribed 2nd gen fluoroquinolone
Definition
Ciprofloxacin
Term
Common indications:
UTIs (Enterococcus, E. Coli, Enterobacter, Proteus, Pseudomonas, Klebsiella, etc)
Prostatitis (PECK + pseudomonas)
RTI (Moraxella, Haemophilus, Pseudomonas, Klebsiella) etc.
Bacterial conjunctivitis and corneal ulcers
Otitis externa
Definition
Ciprofloxacin
Term
bacterial conjunctivitis and corneal ulcers
Definition
Ciloxan Opthalmic Solution, Ointment
Term
Otitis externa
Definition
Cetraxal Otic Solution
Term
First line agent for E. Coli (UTIs, prostatitis, bacteremia)
Definition
Ciprofloxacin, Levofloxacin
Term
First line Enterobacter infections (UTIs etc.)
(also SMX-TMX)
Definition
Ciprofloxacin
Term
First line for Pseudomonas UTIs (Most active FQ vs. Pseudomonas)
Definition
Ciprofloxacin
Term
First line for Pseudomonas infections associated w/ cystic fibrosis (also aztreonam?)
Definition
Ciprofloxacin
Term
First line for Shigella infections
Definition
Ciprofloxacin
Term
First line for Campylobacter infections (enteritis)
Definition
Ciprofloxacin
Term
First line for Vibrio cholera (also doxycycline)
Definition
Ciprofloxacin
Term
Other indications:
Chancroid
Plague
Tularemia
Anthrax
Legionella pneumophila
Mycobacterium avium intracellular complex (MAC)
Definition
Ciprofloxacin
Term
UTIs (PECK + Citrobacter)
Prostatitis (E.Coli)
Chlamydia trachomatis (urethritis)
Skin infections (staph, streph, proteus)
RTIs (Haemophilus influenze)
Bacterial conjunctivitis and corneal ulcers (Ocuflox Opthalmic solution)
Poor activity vs. psuedomoans
Definition
Ofloxacin
Term
Poor activity vs pseudomonas for second gen fluoroquinolone
Definition
Ofloxacin
Term
Similar spectrum to ciprofloxacin
Least active fluoroquinolone, not for systemic infections
Definition
Norfloxacin
Term
UTIs (PECK+ pseudomonas, enterobacter, citrobacter)
Prostatitis (E. COli)
Definition
Norfloxacin
Term
Third generation fluoroquinolones
Definition
Levofloxacin, Gemifloxacin
Term
Most commonly prescribed fluoroquinolone
Definition
Levofloxacin
Term
Increased gram positive activity due to inhibition of topoisomerase IV
Staph aureus, Strep pneumo, MDRSP, Strep pyogenes
Definition
Levofloxacin
Term
Common indications:
Sinusitis (moraxella, Haemophilus, Strep pneumo)
Pneumonia and bronchitis (Moraxella, Haemophilus, Pseudomonas, Klebsiella, Legionella, Mycoplasma, Chlamydia, Strep pneumo, Staph aureus,etc.)
UTIS
Prostatitsi
Skin and skin structure infections (staph aureus Strep pyo)
Bacterial conjunctivitis
Definition
Levofloxacin
Term
Other indications:
Mycobacterium leprae (Hansen's disease)
Cervicitis (Chlamydia trachomatis)
Definition
Levofloxacin
Term
Gram negative spectrum of cirpofloxacin
Increased gram positive activity vs. S. aurus, strep pneumo, MDRSP, Strep pyogenes)
Definition
Gemifloxacin
Term
Pneumonia and bronchitis
(Moraxella, Haemophilus, Klebsiella, Mycoplasma, Chlamydia, Streptococcus pneumo, Staphylococcus aureus)
Definition
Gemifloxacin
Term
Fourth generation fluoroquinolones
Definition
Moxifloxacin, Gatifloxacin
Term
Common fluroquinolone, lacks skin/soft tissue coverage, no pneumoniae
Definition
Ciprofloxacin
Term
Only second generation that can do skin infections (Staph aureus, Strep pyo, Proteus mirabilis)
Definition
Ofloxacin
Term
adds sinusitis, pneumonia and bronchitis
Definition
third generation (levofloxacin, gemifloxacin)
Term
dubbed respiratory fluoroquinolone
Definition
Moxifloxacin
Term
Adds increased activity vs. anerobes:
Bacteroides fragilis, Fusobacterium, Peptostreptococcus)
Definition
Fourth generation
Term
Vigamox, Moxeza, Zymaxid Opthalmic solutions
for bacterial conjunctivitis
Definition
Fourth generation
Term
Resistance due to chromosomal mutations
two mechanisms
1) altered target sites (DNA gyrase, topoisomerase IV)
2) decreased accumulation due to reduced premability or increased efflux
Definition
Fluoroquinolones
Term
Cross resistance exists between
Definition
Fluroquinolones
Term
Only 35-75% absorbed orally
low serum levels
Definition
Norfloxacin
Term
Best oral bioavailability
Definition
ofloxacin
Term
Cipro, ofloxacin, Lefofloxacin, moxifloxacin
Definition
can be IV
Term
absorption decreased by multivalent cations (sucralfate, antacids, or dietary supplements) due to chelation
Definition
Fluoroquinolones
Term
well distributed high concen.
bone, urine, kidney, lung, prostatic tissue

accumulate sin macrophages and PMNs thereore useful in treatment of intracellular organisms (Legionella, Chlamydia, Mycoplasma)
Definition
Fluoroquinolones
Term
which is fluoroquinolone is minimally metabolized?
Definition
Oxafloxacin
Term
parent and metabolites excreted to urine
primary route of elimination for...
half life extended during renal failure
Definition
Oxafloxacin
Term
Excreted primarily in bile
Definition
Moxifloxacin
Term
Gi intolerandce, CNS effeets (dizziness, headache, nausea)
TENDINITIS
NEPRHOTOXICITY (Crystalluria)
Cardiac effects: PROLONGED QT interval
Phototoxicity (SUN)
Definition
Fluroquinolones
Term
Contraindicated during PREGNANCY, nursing mothers, children under 18, due to potential for articular cartilage erosion
Definition
Fluroquinolones
Term
may enhance serum concentrations of theophylline, warfarin, cyclosproine through metabolic inhibition
Definition
Fluoroquinolones
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