Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Fluoroquinolones
N/A
10
Pharmacology
Graduate
02/03/2010

Additional Pharmacology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
General Mechanism and Structure of Fluoroquinolones
Definition

Broad spectrum Cidal agents used most for G- and some G+

G-: inhibit DNA gyrase

G+: inhibit topoisomerase IV

Term

Cirpofloxacin (Cipro)

Definition

2nd Generation of FQ

 

Best FQ for G-

ophthalmic (ciloxan), otic (cirpohcotic)

 

Drug Interactions:

-decreases clearance of theophylline --> increases concentration --> toxicity

-Cipro inhibits CYP3A4 & CYP1A2 --> increases levels of methadone and tizanidine--> possible respiratory distress (methadone) or sedation, hypotension, hallucinations (tizanidine)

Term
Norfloxacin (Noroxin)
Definition

2nd Gen FQ

 

least active, low system levels

 

UTI only

Term
Ofloxacin
Definition

2nd Gen FQ

 

Oral is generic

 

ocuflox = ophthalmic, otic is also available

Term
Gatifloxacin (Zymar)
Definition

3rd Gen FQ

 

opthalmic solution only

Term
Gemifloxacin (Factive)
Definition

3rd Gen Respiratory FQ

 

nothing stands out about this drug but we still need to know it

Term
Levofloxacin (Levaquin)
Definition

3rd Gen Respiratory FQ

 

Active isomer of ofloxacin.

Avoid if there are conduction anomalies (increases the risk of a prolonged Q-T interval in eledry; Torsades de pointes)

 

FDA Warning: Risk of acute hepatitis and fatal events

Term
Moxifloxacin (Avelox)
Definition

3rd Gen Respiratory FQ

 

Metabolized primarily in the liver. Caution for hepatic disease patients.

Can prolong Q-T interval in healthy patients.

 

opthalmic = Vigamox

Term
Besifloxacin (Besivance)
Definition

4th Gen FQ

 

Approved for bacterial conjunctivitis due to susceptible organisms

Term

Side Effects of all Fluroquinolones

Definition
  • Phototoxicity - burning, redness, swelling, blisters, rash, itch
  • Arthropathy - damages growing cartilage. Do not use in prepubertal children or pregnant women
  • Tendon Rupture - Black Box warning; risk greater for people over 65 or taking steroids (may take a few months to show up)
  • Diabetics only - can increase or decrease blood sugar if taken with insulin or an oral hypoglycemic
  • CNS Stimulation - convulsion, anxiety
  • Naseau, Vommiting, Diarrhea - major cause of C. difficile-induced diarrhea & pseudomembranous colitis. C. difficile survives as spores until antibiotics are stopped. It then grows w/o competition. Produces 2 exotoxins that cause intestinal fluid secretions, mucosal injury, inflammation, bloody diarrhea, & disruption of tight junctions. A placque that looks like a membrane forms around the colon mucosa (pseudomembrane)

Avoid use with antacids and Fe supplements. (Chelate with mono & divalent cations thus decreasing absorption of antiobiotic)

Supporting users have an ad free experience!