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Fluid & Electrolytes
Definitions
28
Nursing
Undergraduate 1
09/14/2013

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Term
Translocation
Definition
Translocation (movementbackandforth) of fluid and exchange of chemicals—including electrolytes,acids,and bases—is continuous in and among all areas where water is located.
Term
Osmosis
Definition
1)Water movement through semi-permeable membrane; Tonicity; Osmotic pressure
2)Fluid distribution: Flows from areas of low to high concentration
Term
Filtration
Definition
Movement: Fluid, dissolved substances through semi-permeable membrane; Relocates: Water; Chemicals. From high to low pressure. Filtration is the process the kidneys use to process and excrete waste and reabsorb water and other chemicals.
Term
Passive Diffusion
Definition
Movement: Dissolved substances
High to low concentration
Remains fairly static (post-equilibrium)
Term
Facilitated Diffusion
Definition
Certain dissolved substances require assistance (Carrier molecule) To pass through semipermeable membrane
Term
Active Transport
Definition
Requires an energy source
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP): Drives dissolved chemicals; from areas of low-to-high concentration. The Sodium-potassium pump system is an example of active transport.
Term
baroreceptors
Definition
stretch receptors in the aortic arch and carotid sinus that signal the brain to release ADH when blood volume decreases,systolic blood pressure falls,or the right atrium is underfilled,and to suppress ADH when blood volume increases,systolic blood pressure rises,or the right atrium is overfilled.
Term
Chvostek's sign
Definition
assessment finding in which a client’s mouth twitches and jaw tightens following the tapping of the facial nerve.
Term
circulatory overload
Definition
fluid volume that exceeds what is normal for the intravascular space and has the potential to compromise cardiopulmonary function if it remains unresolved.
Term
dehydration
Definition
significant reduction of body fluid in both extracellular and intracellular compartments.
Term
dependent edema
Definition
accumulation of fluid in the body areas most affected by gravity(the feet,ankles,sacrum,or buttocks).
Term
electrolytes
Definition
substances that carry an electrical charge when dissolved in fluid.
Term
extracellular fluid
Definition
water in the body located outside cells.
Term
generalized edema
Definition
accumulation of fluid in all the interstitial spaces.
Term
hemoconcentration
Definition
high ratio of blood components in relation to watery plasma.
Term
hemodilution
Definition
low ration of blood components in relation to watery plasma.
Term
hypervolemia
Definition
high volume of water in the intravascular fluid compartment.
Term
hypovolemia
Definition
low volume of extracellular fluid.
Term
interstitial fluid
Definition
water located between cells.
Term
intracellular fluid
Definition
water located within cells.
Term
intravascular fluid
Definition
water located in the plasma(serum)portion of blood.
Term
natriuretic peptides
Definition
hormone-like substances that act in opposition to the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system.
Term
osmoreceptors
Definition
specialized neurons that sense the concentration of substances in blood.
Term
pitting edema
Definition
indentations in the skin following compression.
Term
renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
Definition
chain of chemicals that increases both blood pressure and blood volume.
Term
serum osmolality
Definition
concentration of substances in blood.
Term
third-spacing
Definition
translocation of fluid from the intravascular or intercellular spaces to tissue compartments,where it becomes trapped and useless.
Term
Trousseau's sign
Definition
assessment finding in which the hand spasms after placing a BP cuff on the client’s upper arm and inflating it between the systolic and diastolic BP,for 3 minutes.
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