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Flashcards for Chapter 15 in Chemistry
Flashcards for Chapter 15 in Mrs. Jackson's Chemistry Class
36
Chemistry
10th Grade
04/01/2012

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Term
What are surroundings?
Definition
in thermochemistry, includes everything in the universe except the system
Term
What is Hess's Law?
Definition
States that if two or more thermochemical equations an be added to produce a final equation for a reaction, then the sum of the enthalpy changes for the individual reactions is the enthalpy change for the final reaction
Term
What is a calorie?
Definition
the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of one gram of pure water by one degree celsius
Term
What is a joule?
Definition
the SI unit of heat and energy
Term
What is a spontaneous process?
Definition
a physical or chemical change that occurs without outside intervantion and may require energy to be supplied to begin the process
Term
What is a system?
Definition
in thermochemistry, the specific part of the universe containing the raction or process being studied
Term
What is a thermochemical equation?
Definition
a balanced chemical equation that includes the physical states of all the reactants and the energy change, usually expressed as the change in enthalpy
Term
What is chemical potential energy?
Definition
the energy stored in a substance because of its composition; most is released or absorbed as heat during chemical reactions or processes
Term
What is energy?
Definition
the capacity to do work or produce heat; exists as potential energy, which is stored in an objectdue to its composition or position, and kinetic energy which is the energy of motion
Term
What is enthalpy of combustion? (possible fill in the blank)
Definition
the enthalpy change for the complete burning of one mole of a given substance
Term
What is enthalpy?
Definition
the heat content of a system at constant pressure
Term
What is entropy?
Definition
a measure of the number of possible ways that the energy of a system can be distributed; related to the freedom of the system's particles to move and the number of ways they can be arranged
Term
What is free energy?
Definition
the energy available to do work the difference between the change in enthalpy and the product of the entropy change and the kelvin temperature
Term
What is heat?
Definition
a form of energy that flows from a warmer object to a cooler object
Term
What is molar enthalpy of fusion? (possible fill-in-the-blank)
Definition
the amount of heat required to melt one mole of a solid substance
Term
What is molar enthalpy of vaporization? (fill-in-the-blank?)
Definition
the amount of heat required to vaporize one mole of a liquid
Term
What is specific heat?
Definition
the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of one gram of a given substance by one degree celsius
Term
What is standard enthalpy of formation?
Definition
the change in enthalpy that accompanies the formation of one mole of a compound in its standard statefrom its constituent elements in their standard states
Term
What is the Second Law of Thermodynamics?
Definition
the spontaneous processes always proceed in such a way that the entropy of the universe increases
Term
What is the enthalpy of a reaction?
Definition
the change in enthalpy for a reaction-the difference between the enthalpy of the substances that exist at the end of the reaction and the enthalpy of the substances present at the start
Term
What is the law of conservation of energy?
Definition
states that in any chemical reaction or physical process, energy may change from one form to another, but it is neither created nor destroyed
Term
What is the universe?
Definition
in thermochemistry, is the system plus the surroundings
Term
What is thermochemistry?
Definition
the study of heat changes that accompany chemical reactions and phase changes
Term
What is a calorimeter?
Definition
an insulated device that is used to measure the amount of heat released or absorbed during a physical or chemical process
Term
What does a triangle before a H mean/stand for?
Definition
the change in enthalpy
Term
What does the triangle before a S mean?
Definition
the change in entropy
Term
What is the standard state of formation?
Definition
It is 25*C per 1 atm
Term
How many joules are in one calorie?
Definition
4.184 Joules
Term
What is the specific heat for water?
Definition
4.184 J/(g)*C
Term
Is the change in entropy positive or negative if it is a solid to a liquid and a liquid to a gas?
Definition
positive
Term
Is the change in entropy positive or negative if a gas is being dissolved in a solvent?
Definition
negative
Term
Is the change in entropy positive or negative if the number of gaseous product particles is greater than the number of gaseous reactant particles?
Definition
positive
Term
Does entropy increase or decrease if a solid or a liquid dissolves in a solvent?
Definition
increases
Term
What does the random motion of the particls of a substance do as its temperature increases?
Definition
it increases
Term
How is the value of the change in enthalpy of vaporization related to the change in enthalpy of condensation?
Definition
enthalpy of condensation has the opposite sign of the value of the enthalpy of vaporization
Term
How is the value of the enthalpy of fussion related to the enthalpy of solid?
Definition
the enthalpy of a solid has the opposite sign of the value of the enthalpy of fussion
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