Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Fixed
Fixed Midterm
168
Medical
Professional
09/27/2011

Additional Medical Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
That branch of dental art and science pertaining to the restoration and maintenance of oral function and preservation of the remaining tissues, by replacing missing teeth and structures with artificial devices is?
Definition
Prosthodontics
Term
A removable partial denture is solely supported by teeth? True or false
Definition
False; can be tooth supported or tooth and tissue supported
Term
Fixed, removable,implants, and maxilofacial appliances are all under the umbrella of prosthodontics? True or falso
Definition
True
Term
How long must implants heal before an abutment is placed?
Definition
3-6 mons
Term
An implant is a removable prosthesis? Trur or false
Definition
False; it is fixed/ cemented
Term
Restorations that fit largely within the crown of a tooth are called
Definition
Intra coronal
Term
the walls in an inlay preparation are?
Definition
Divergent
Term
Inlays replace cusps: T or F
Definition
False;onlays replace cusps
Term
An amalgam is a direct or indirect restoration?
Definition
Direct;since it is fabricated and placed directly in the mouth
Term
Onlays are extracoronal restorations: T or F
Definition
False; they are intracoronal
Term
Intracoronal restorations have what type of retentio?
Definition
wedge retention;walls are divergent
Term
Extracoronal restorations have what type of retention?
Definition
Sleeve retention; walls are parallel
Term
Restorations that cover and gain retention for the external walls of a tooth preparation are called
Definition
Extracoronal
Term
A crown is type of extracoronal restoration: T ir F
Definition
True
Term
A crown veneers the entire tooth: T or F
Definition
True: crowns are full coverage restorations
Term
Partial veneer crowns cover the facial surface of a tooth: T or F
Definition
False: Only portions of the clinical crown are veneered; derives itsname from the number of surfaces covered
Term
An extremely thin shell of porcelain bonded directly to tooth structure used for esthetic purposes is called a
Definition
ceramic veneer
Term
Veneers are bonded to what surface of the tooth?
Definition
Facial
Term
A fixed bridge is also called a fixed partial denture: T or F
Definition
True: A prosthetic device, definitively attached/cemented to the remaining teeth, roots or implants, which provide the primary support for the restoration and replaces a missing tooth or teeth.
Term
An abutment is an edentulous area serving as an attachment for a fixed or removable partial denture. T or F
Definition
False; an abutment is a tooth serving as an attachment for a fixed or removable partial denture
OR can also be
a component of an implant prosthesis used to attach the restoration to the implant fixture
Term
A pier abutment is an intermediate abutment : T or F
Definition
True ; it is between abutments
Term
Pier abutments can be used with non-rigid connectors: T or F
Definition
True
Term
The artificial tooth suspended between the abutment teeth is called a
Definition
Pontic
Term
Modified ridge lap,ovate, and saddle are all types of what
Definition
pontics
Term
Which type of pontic is recommended today for its natural look and cleansibility?
Definition
Ovate
Term
The modified ridge lap pontic is rarely used today since it wraps from the buccal to lingual making it hard to clean. T or F
Definition
False; the saddle is rarely used today;modified ridge lap is also called stein pontic
Term
A modified ridge lap pontic contacts the gingiva on the facial and lingual surfaces.T or F
Definition
False; only contacts gingiva on the facial surface, the lingual slopes lingual to provide cleansibility
Term
The pontic should rest directly on the gingiva to close the interproximal spaces T or F
Definition
False: pontic should NOT fully contact gingiva and not close interproximal spaces
Term
Maryland bridge used in older patients, due to the their larger pulpal chambers T or F
Definition
False; Maryland bridge used in young patients, due to the their larger pulpal chambers; Preparation: The walls are tapered slightly and the cusp is maintained. The height of contour is maintained circumferentially. The preparation is based on the restorative material. Ex. Porcelain at least 1mm thickness. Metal should be at 0.5mm (less tooth material can be removed-more conservative). If porcelain and metal is used then about 1.5mm is removed. Typically these are placed in the facial.
Term
What is located between the pontic and retainer and can be rigid or non rigid
Definition
Connector
Term
A solder joint is what type of connector?
Definition
Rigid; a non-rigid connector is precision attachment or stress breaker
Term
Restorations that are cemented to the prepared abutment tooth is called
Definition
Retainer; thepontic is connector to the retainer
Term
What does a splint join?
Definition
2 or more crown restorations / retainers
Term
The number of retainers and pontics together makes up the number of
Definition
Units in the prosthesis
Term
You have a fixed partial denture from tooth #21-#19, replacing tooth #20 .How many units are involved? What teeth are the retainers? Which tooth is the pontic?
Definition
Units= 3
Retainers= tooth #19, tooth #21
Pontic = #20
Term
The four components of a treatment plan are?
Definition
intra extra oralexam, med and dental hx, articulated casts, FMX (including pan, PAs, and BWs)
Term
A mechanical device which represents the temporomandibular joints and jaw members to which maxillary and mandibular casts may be attached to simulate jaw movements is called a
Definition
Articulator; used to evaluate occlusion and occlusal plane
Term
Carbide burs are used during what type of procedures? Operative,perio, fixed
Definition
Operatve
Term
What type of burs are used during fixed preparations?
Definition
Diamond burs
Term
The provisional restoration should be unlike the natural tooth and should impinge on the gingiva T or F
Definition
False; it should look like the natural tooth and not impinge on the gingiva
Term
On the lingual aspect of a fixed bridge the embrasures are maintained.T or F
Definition
True; lingual aspect does notcontact the gingiva
Term
A provisional restoration is a permanent restoration.T or F
Definition
False; a provisional or interim restoration is replaced by a permanent restoration
Term
An imprint or negative likeness that is made by placing some soft, semi-fluid material in the mouth, and allowing that material to set
mostly made with an elastic material is a
Definition
Impression
Term
A custom tray along with PVS are used to take a final impression. T or F
Definition
True
Term
A positive reproduction of the teeth and surrounding structures or positive likeness is called a
Definition
Cast
Term
What is a die?
Definition
A model of the individual prepared tooth on which the wax pattern is constructed and margins of the wax pattern and cast restoration are finished
The die is thindividual tooth and it is contained in the working cast
Term
Fabrication of cast restorations involves what steps?
Definition
CONSTRUCTION OF WORKING CASTS
CONSTRUCTION OF A WAX PATTERN
INVESTING AND CASTING
PORCELAIN APPLICATION
FINISHING AND POLISHING

INVESTING AND CASTING
Term
What is placed inside the casting ring?
Definition
The wax pattern is placed inside the casting ring before investing
Term
What is the bisque phase?
Definition
a series of stages of maturation in the firing of ceramic materials relating to the degree of pyro chemical reaction and sintering shrinkage occurring before vitrification (glazing)–called also biscuit bake
Term
A fixed partial denture is a direct restoration. T or F
Definition
False: THE RESTORATION IS FABRICATED INDIRECTLY IN THE DENTAL LABORATORY AND CEMENTED INTO THE PATIENTS MOUTH
Term
What is a full veneer crown?
Definition
the restoration covers the entire clinical crown, ie the facial, proximal, lingual, occlusal surfaces
Term
The shape of the finish line of a crown preparation is determined by what?
Definition
the material used to restore the crown and the bur shape used to prepare the margins
Term
The functional cusp must be beveled? T or F
Definition
True
Term
What is the amount of occlusal reduction needed when fabricating a porcelain fused to metal crown?
Definition
1.5-2.0mm
Term
what are the three broad principles associated with tooth preparation?
Definition
biologic, mechanical, esthetic
Term
Retention form, resistance form and deformation are all under what principle of tooth preparation?
Definition
Mechanical: biologic : affect health of oral tissues
esthetic: affect appearance of patient
Term
what are the five principles of tooth preparation?
Definition
preservation of tooth structure, retention and resistance, structural durability, marginal integrity, preservation of the periodontium
Term
Sound tooth structure should be sacrificed to fabricate a PFM? T or F
Definition
False; you should not sacrifice sound tooth structure. in that case a labial veneer can be made instead of a full veneer crown
Term
During preparation it is extremely important to use plenty of water to prevent too much heat to the tooth. t or f
Definition
True
Term
Resistance and retention of crowns is based on the principle of two opposing vertical surfaces with maximal taper. t or F
Definition
False; you want minimal taper; no undercuts, converge occlusally ; parallel walls which provide for more retention
Term
Retention prevents removal of a restoration along the path of insertion or the long axis of the preparation. t or f
Definition
True; vertical ; resistance is to prevent oblique removal
Term
Which provides the best protection against fracture and has the best retention, but can be associated with periodontal problems and poor estehtics?? Crown, onlay, inlay
Definition
Crown; inlay can cause a wedging effect leading to fracture and onlays have poor retention
Term
What is retention form?
Definition
The feature of a tooth preparation that resists dislodgement of a crown in a vertical direction or along the path of placement;
Term
How can retention form of an excessively tapered preparation be increased?
Definition
adding grooves or pinholes
Term
the shorter the prep, the less the retention. t or f
Definition
True
Term
6-16 degrees is the normal range of taper. t or f
Definition
true
Term
what is taper?
Definition
its the gradual convergence of the preparation towards the occlusal surface; 6-16 degrees ; if prep too parallel then not good for resistance
Term
Why are prep walls tapered?
Definition
To visualize the axial walls, to prevent undercuts, to compensate for inaccuracies in the fabrication process, and to prevent more nearly complete seating of the restorations during seating (is too parallel is not good for seating)
Term
the more taper, the less the retention. t or f
Definition
true
Term
What factors must be considered when deciding whether retention is adequate for a given prosthesis?
Definition
magnitude of dislodging forces, geometry of tooth preparation, roughness of the fitting surface of the restoration , materials being cemented, film thickness of the luting agent
Term
What is resistance form?
Definition
the features of a tooth prep that enhance the stability of a restoration and resist dislodgement along an axis other than the path of placement ; want to resist masticatory forces , prevents dislodgement against forces directed in an apical or oblique direction
Term
What is the new philosophy on taper?
Definition
taper of 16 degrees is desired; taper as low as 10 degrees on anterior teeth, and as high as 22 degrees on molars
Term
the lesser the surface area, the greater the retention. t or f
Definition
false; the greater the surface area the greater the retention
Term
what is the old philosophy of taper?
Definition
2-5 degrees per wall with a total convergence of 6-10 degrees
Term
what is a path of insertion?
Definition
an imaginary line along which the restoration will be placed onto or removed from the prep ; grooves and boxes can be used to dictate path of insertion
Term
What is the occlusal reduction for cast metal crowns?
Definition
1mm on a non functional cusp and 1.5mm on the functional cusp
Term
What is the occlusal reduction for a PFM crown?
Definition
1.5mm on a non functional cusp and 2mm on a functional cusp
Term
The functional cusp on a mandibular tooth is on the buccal or lingual aspect?
Definition
Buccal; functional cusp for the maxillary arch is on the lingual
Term
What is a functional cusp bevel?
Definition
a wide bevel on the functional cusp which provides space for adequate bulk of restoring material in areas of heavy occlusal contact ; parallels incline of opposing cusp
Term
The occlusal surface is prepared such that reduction follows the anatomic planes to give uniform thickness in the restoration. t or f
Definition
True
Term
inadequate axial reduction may lead of over contouring or weak restorations with thin walls. t or f
Definition
true ; must have achieve certain thickness of material circumferentially around tooth
Term
a heavy chamfer finish line is used for a PFM crown prep. t or f
Definition
False; heavy chamfer is used for cast metal crowns, a radial shoulder is used for a PFM
Term
What is the preferred gingival finish line for a veneer metal restoration?
Definition
chamfer (use a round end tapered diamond bur)
Term
The guidelines for margin design are?
Definition
should be conservative, not leave unsupported enamel, easy to read on the tooth, in the impression and on the die (should be continuous all around the tooth), and sufficient space for waxing
Term
Finish lines are chosen based on what?
Definition
requirements of the types of restorative material
Term
It is best to end the finish line on dentin. t or f
Definition
False; best to end finish line on enamel, not dentin or cementum
Term
The different types of finish lines are?
Definition
chamfer, shoulder, shoulder bevel, knife edge
Term
What finish line is used for gold restorations?
Definition
chamfer or knife edge
Term
what finish line is used with porcelain restorations?
Definition
shoulder/ shoulder bevel
Term
When is a shoulder bevel margin indicated?
Definition
facial margin on a posterior metal ceramic crown with supragingival margins
Term
What finish line is used on the lingual surface of a metal ceramic crown?
Definition
chamfer
Term
what finish line is used on the facial surface of a metal ceramic crown?
Definition
shoulder ; this finish line also used with all ceramic crowns
Term
When is a featheredge margin recommended?
Definition
not recommended
Term
When is a chisel edge finish line recommended?
Definition
occasionally on tilted teeth
Term
A chamfer should not be wider than half the bur used to form it. t or f
Definition
True ; otherwise a lip of unsupported enamel will be left ; hold bur parallel to long axis of tooth
Term
When is a chamfer finish line indicated?
Definition
cast gold restorations and the lingual surface of a PFM
Term
Subgingival margins are recommended when possible. t or f
Definition
False; supra gingival margins are better to promote healthy periodontium
Term
When is subgingival margin placement considered?
Definition
to improve retention and resistance form on a short prep, trauma/fracture, esthetics
Term
Subgingival margins are usually placed on what teeth to provide for better esthetics?
Definition
anterior teeth
Term
Subgingival margins may be placed no closer than 2mm to the alveolar crest. t or f
Definition
True; if disrupt attachment pt will develop perio problems ; if cannot achieve this then crown lengthening procedure may need to be done
Term
the thickness of remaining dentin is directly proportional to the pulpal response. t or f
Definition
False; it is inversely proportional
Term
Iatrogenic damage to the adjacent tooth during prepping can affect contact and can cause caries. t or f
Definition
true . use matrix band to prevent this
Term
What is an emergence profile?
Definition
the contour of a tooth or restoration as it relates to adjacent tissues
Term
What is treatment planning?
Definition
formulating a logical sequence of treatment designed to restore the patients dentition to good health, with optimal function and appearance
Term
A treatment plan includes all of the following except:
-time and cost
-informs patient of future conditions
-extent of proposed dental treatment
-level of home care and professional follow-up
-possible need for alterations
Definition
Informs patient of CURRENT decisions; tx plan done to patients preferences since most dental disorders can be corrected with different tx options
Term
What are the four treatment plan objectives?
Definition
-correct an existing disease
-prevent future disease
-restore function
-improve appearance
Term
The five elements to a good diagnostic work up are:
Definition
-history
-TMJ/occlusal evaluation
-intraoral exam
-articulated diagnostic casts
-full mouth radiographs
Term
Occusal wear may indicate bruxism. t or f
Definition
True
Term
During the extra oral examination facial symmetry should be evaluated, palpate muscles of head and neck, muscles of mastication, maximum opening, and TMJ joint. t or f
Definition
True
Term
Excessive soft tissue defects are best restored with a removable partial denture rather than a long FPD pontics. t or f
Definition
True
Term
During the intraoral examination:
- probing depths should be taken to asses pocket depths,
-any soft tissue lesions must be biopsed
-evaluate oral hygiene / presence of caries,
- evaluate presence and condition of existing restorations
-evaluate interarch space
-evaluate length of edentulous span
. t or f
Definition
True
Term
The diagnostic wax up is important in planning restorations. t or f
Definition
true
Term
Articulate diagnostic casts can be used to evaluate edentulous spaces . t or f
Definition
true
Term
Diagnostic casts can be used to evaluate all of the above except:
-edentulous span
-plane of occlusion
-TMJ
-abutment alignment
-occlusal contacs
Definition
TMJ; also used for RPD design
Term
These can be seen on full mouth radiographs:
-root tips
-caries
-level of alveolar bone
-crown to root ratio
-impactions
t or f
Definition
True: intra osseous lesions, root proximity, radiolucencies and radiopacities can also be seen on FMX
Term
The radiographic examination consists of:
Definition
-evaluation of existing restorations
-recurrent decay
-existing root canal therapies
-root angulation
-root proximity to maxillary sinus
-restoration contours
-location of caries in relation to alveolar bone (indicates restorability or need for crown lengthening)
Term
An acute pulpitis would fall under what treatment sequence?
Definition
Acute/ symptomatic
Term
During the treatment of an acute situation, which of the following is true:
-a full examination is necessary
-a full examination is done before the acute situation is treated
-only gather sufficient information to diagnose and treat the condition without delay
-do not relieve symptoms of discomfort
Definition
For an acute dental situation:
-you relieve discomfort from the acute condition
-only gather sufficient info to diagnose and treat condition without delay
-a full exam is not necessary nor possible
- a full exam is done AFTER the acute condition is treated
Term
A cracked or broken porcelain veneer is an example of an acute dental condition. t or f
Definition
False; Acute dental conditions are: fractured tooth, acute pulpitis, acute exacerbation of chronic pulpitis, dental abscess, acute pericoronitis or gingivitis, myofascial pain dysfunction
Term
All are examples of what types of dental conditions:
-lost anterior crown
-fractured porcelain veneer
-fractured removable prosthesis
Definition
Treatment of NONACUTE problems
Term
Stabilization of detereorating conditions includes:
Definition
dental caries, periodontal disease
Term
What are the four steps in the treatment sequence:
Definition
1. treatment of acute condition
2. treatment of non acute conditions
3. stabilization of deteriorating conditions
4. definitive therapy
Term
The choice of material and design of restorations is based on what factors?
Definition
-amt of destruction of tooth structure
-esthetics
-plaque control
-financial considerations
-retention
Term
An occlusal adjustment is always necessary before starting any limited treatment. t or f
Definition
False; an occlusal adjustment (during extensive treatment) may be necessary prior to starting to correct: supraeruption, extrusion, drifting, and preventing a compromised occlusal scheme in a new restoration
Term
Providing the patient is functioning normally, it is acceptable for the restoration to conform to the existing occlusion during limited treatment. t or f
Definition
true
Term
During an extensive treatment plan of fixed prosthodontics if both anteriors and posteriors need to be done which is done first?
Definition
Anterior restorations are done first to influence the border of movements of the mandible and to provide anterior guidance.
Term
During an extensive treatment plan of fixed prosthodontics if both the maxillary and mandibular posteriors need to be done, how should it be completed?
Definition
Restore opposing segments: develop efficient occlusal scheme, complete one side then the other
Term
The plane of occlusion must be corrected prior to placing fixed restorations to avoid creating occlusal interferences in your restorations. t or f
Definition
true ; this may require an enameloplasty with minor correction to a cast restoration with a major discrapancy
Term
A tooth is usually lost to caries or periodontal disease. t or f
Definition
true
Term
tooth loss can lead to:
Definition
-drifting
-tilting
-extrusion
Term
If extrusion occurs may need to restore opposing arch , possibly devitalizing the tooth to correct the plane of occlusion. t or f
Definition
true
Term
the dental arch should be a static entity. t or f
Definition
true
Term
What are some prostheses which can be used for tooth replacement?
Definition
removable partial denture (RPD)
tooth supported fixed partial denture (FPD)
implant supported fixed partial denture /single crown
resin-retained tooth supported FPD
Term
A bridge is an example of a tooth supported fixed partial denture. t or f
Definition
true
Term
Removable partial dentures of planned last and done first. t or f
Definition
False, they are planned FIRST and done last
Term
A RPD design must be completed after restorative/ fixed prosthodontic therapy. t or f
Definition
False; a RPD design must be completed before any restorative/ fixed prosthodontic therapy so intended restorations can accomodate RPD
Term
Planning a prosthesis with a diagnostic wax up is the key to successful results. t or f
Definition
true; intended restorations are waxed in on articulated diagnostic casts
Term
A diagnostic wax up is essential for:
Definition
-complex tx plans
-irregular occlusal plane correction
-altering vertical dimension of occlusion
-implant supported prosthesis
-combination of fixed and removable prostheses
Term
If no perceived functional, occlusal, or esthetic impairment is seen in the patient then no prosthetic tx is needed. t or f
Definition
true; no treatment is needed in long standing edentulous space with little to no drifting or elongation of adjacent or opposing teeth and opposing teeth locked into occlusion may prevent drifting and the edentulous space may be opposed by an edentulous space
Term
RPD indications are:
Definition
1. spaces> 2 posterior teeth missing
2. bilateral edentulous spaces with > 2 teeth missing on one side
3. multiple edentulous spaces
4. edentulous space with no distal abutment
5. spaces that include a canine and 2 other contiguous teeth
6. severe loss of tissue
Term
Abutment requirements for RPD abutments are more stringent than requirements for FPD abutments. t or f
Definition
False ; other indications for RPD: tipped teeth, teeth with short clinical crowns, divergent abutments, periodontally weakened teeth, insufficient numbers of abutments, severe loss of tissue in the edentulous ridge, anterior spans longer than 4 incisors , irregular opposing dentition for occlusion, denttion in transition, and limited finances
Term
In treatment planning for multiple edentulous spaces , a combination of FPD and RPD appliances can be used together. t or f
Definition
true , can simplify RPD design
Term
What are the indications for fixed partial dentures ?
Definition
-preferred by most patients
-there is an abutment on either side of the edentulous space
-abutment teeth are periodontally sound
-edentulous span is short and straight
-no gross soft tissue defect in the edentulous ridge
-absence of dry mouth
-may require ridge augmentation to improve esthetic result
-when several abutment teeth in one arch require crowns
-if the tooth adjacent to the edentulous space requires a crown, it can function as an abutment for a FPD
Term
How is the decision made as to which treatment plan will be decided upon?
Definition
two or more treatment options are presented to the patient with advantages and disadvantages of each and the patients wishes are taken into consideration as well (if too risky in your clinical judgement then REFER)
Term
Abutments are evaluated based on?
Definition
-coronal tooth structure
-pulp status
-periodontal support
-crown to root ratio
-root configuration
-periodontal surface area
-abutment inclination
Term
The coronal tooth structure is evaluated cinically, by a radiographic exam and on the mounted diagnostic casts. t or f
Definition
true
Term
A FPD abumtnent should be inflammation free, have adequate attached gingiva, normal probing depth, normal mobility, adequate bone support, and a good crown to root ratio. t or f
Definition
true
Term
What is a crown to root ratio?
Definition
the length of the tooth occlusal to the alveolar crest of bone compared with the length of the root embedded in bone
Term
What is the optimum crown to root ratio?
Definition
ideal ration is 1:2; realistic optimum is 2:3
Term
What is the minimally acceptable crown to root ratio?
Definition
1:1
Term
The lever arm decreases as the portion above bone increases. t or f
Definition
False; lever arm increases as the portion above bone increases
Term
Teeth with doubtful periodontal healthy should be endodontically treated. t or f
Definition
true
Term
in regards to root configuration, it is better to have fused roots than widely separated roots in multi rooted teeth. t or f
Definition
False; widely separated roots are better than fused roots
Term
It is better for a root to be conical than broader labio-lingually than mesio-distally. t or f
Definition
false; better to be broader labio-lingual than mesio-distally vs. conical
Term
A bulbous or apically curved root is better than a tapered one. t or f
Definition
true
Term
Multi rooted teeth are better abutments than single teeth with conical roots. t or f
Definition
true
Term
Its better for a root to be irregularly shaped than have perfect taper. t or f
Definition
true
Term
A long root is better than a short root. t or f
Definition
true
Term
WHat is Ante's law?
Definition
The root (periodontal) surface area of the abutment teeth should equal or surpass that of the teeth being replaced by the pontics
Term
What are Jepson's tables?
Definition
represents the various surface areas of different teeth and the ratios bw them ..??
Term
root surface area= periodontal ligament attachment. t or f
Definition
true
Term
larger teeth have greater surface area. t or f
Definition
true
Term
When can teeth with a greater than 1:1 ratio be adequate?
Definition
when occlusion is opposing artificial teeth . there will be less forces on the opposing FPD and less stress on abutment teeth
Term
what are the occlusal forces on normal dentition?
Definition
150 lbs
Term
what are the occlusal forces on FPDs?
Definition
54.5 lbs
Term
what are the occlusal forces on RPD.s
Definition
26 lbs
Term
Endodontically treated abutments must:
Definition
1. have adequate apical seal
2. can serve well with post and core foundation restoration for strength and retention
3. failures mostly occur on teeth with short roots and little remaining tooth structure
4. if too badly broken better to extract
Term
Which are considered conservative FPD abutments?
Definition
resin retained fixed partial dentures and implant supported prosthesis
Supporting users have an ad free experience!