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First Aid/DIT - Biochem
Biochem
47
Medical
Post-Graduate
05/30/2013

Additional Medical Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Rifampin - 4 R
Definition
Rifampin, Red secretions, Revs up p450, Rifampin
Term
rRNA syn & mRNA, tRNA syn
Definition

rRNA- Nucleolous

tRNA & mRNA - nucleoplasm 

Term
mRNA start sequence
Definition
AUG = Methionine
Term
a-Amantinin (mushroom poison) affects Eukaryotic DNA syn?
Definition
inhibits RNA-polymerase 2 in eukaryotes --> liver damage
Term
Amino-acyl tRNA synthetase
Definition
adds an AA to tRNA at 3' end
Term
translocation of tRNA requires what EF?
Definition

Prokaryote: EF-G

Eukaryote: EF-2

Term
What antibiotics attack 50S ribosome
Definition
Streptogramin, Clindamycin, Chloramphenicol, Macrolides, Linezolid
Term
What antibiotics attack 30S?
Definition

Tetracycline & Aminoglycosides

*aminoglycosides do not work on anaerobes, bc aminoglycosides require O2 in order to work

Term
ribosomes are syn in?
Definition
made in nucleus
Term
What AA are modified by Golgi?
Definition

Golgi Sat on THREe ASPs

Serine, Threonine, Asparagine

Term
Glycolysis Rate limiting enzyme
Definition

Phosphofructokinase1

Fructose-6-P --> Fructose-1,6-biphosphate

Term
rxn that connects glycolysis & gluconeogenesis
Definition

enzyme: pyruvate kinase

PEP (phosphoenol pyruvate) --> pyruvate

Term
Gluconeogenesis rate limiting enzyme
Definition

Fructose-1,6-biphosphatase

Fructose-1,6-biphosphate --> Fructose-6-P

Term

What enzynes are responsible for increasing intracellular levels of Fructos-2,6-bisphosphate

 

Definition
Phosphofructokiase-2 (PFK-2) increases levels of fru-2,6-bisphosphate
Term
Hydroxyurea
Definition

MOA: inhibts ribonucleotide reductase

Not able to syn pyrimidines

use for sickle cell and cancer

Term
Dimethoprim
Definition
inhibits bacterial dihydrofolate
Term
Adenosine deaminase deficiency
Definition

Execss ATP & dATP --> neg feedback --> prevents DNA syn --> Dec lymphocyte ct

Major cause of Severe combined immunodeficiency disease (SCID)

(bubble boy)

Term
Lesch-Nyhan syndrome
Definition

defective PURINE salvage bc no HGPRT; excess uric acid & excess purine production

Sx: Gout, mental retardation, lipbiting (self-mutilation)

tx: allopurinol

Term
SCID
Definition
Sx: severe recurrent infections; chronic diarrhea; failure to thrive; absence of thymic shadow on CXR
Term
Anti-scl70
Definition

topoisomerase Ab

Diffuse scleroderma

Term
Anticentromere Ab
Definition
Crest scleroderma
Term
Tetracyclines MOA
Definition

bind 30S subunit- prevent attachment of aminoacyl-tRNA

so not able to charge with tRNA with an AA

Term
I-cell disease
Definition

Phosphotransferase deficiency

cannot put Mannose-6-P on proteins; so these proteins are sent out of the cell instead of going to lysosomes

Term
Osteogenesis Imperfecta
Definition

Type 1 collagen defect

blue sclera

many fractures with minor trauma

Term
Ehlers Danlos syndrome
Definition

Type 3 collagen defect

aneurysms

Term
Alport syndrome
Definition

type 4 collagen defect; X-liked recessive

Alport cant see, cant pee, cant hear

Term
Marfan syndrome
Definition

defect in elastin fibrillin

medial cystic artery aneuyrsm

Term
a1-anti-trypsin deficiency
Definition

Emphysema & cirrhosis

a1-antitrypsin inhibits elastase. so if you don't have a1, then you will have unopposed elastase activity

 

Young ppl, non-smoker --> Panacinar Emphysema

Term
X-linked recessive disorders
Definition

Be Wise Fools GOLD Heeds Silly Hope

Bruton's agammaglobulinemia, Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome, FAbry's disease, G6PD deficiency, Ocular albinism, Lesch Nyhan syndrome Duchene's (Beckers) MD, Hunter's syndrome, Hemophilia A & B

Term

ATP + Methionine --> SAM

S-adenosyl methionine

SAM transfers METHYL units

Definition
Vitamins B12 & Folate are necessary to regenerate SAM & Methionine
Term

Malnutrition

Kwashiorkor & Marasmus

Definition

Kwashiorkor- total protein deficiency- skin lesions, skin & hair depigmentation, edema, fatty liver

No ApoB100

Marasmus- TOTAL calorie deficiency - tissue & muscle wasting

Term
Rate Limiting Enzyme: Glycolysis
Definition
Phosphofructokinase-1 (PFK-1)
Term
Rate Limiting Enzyme: Gluconeogenesis
Definition
Fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase
Term
Rate Limiting Enzyme: TCA cycle
Definition
Isocitrate dehydrogenase
Term
Rate Limiting Enzyme: Glycogen synthesis
Definition
Glycogen synthase
Term
Rate Limiting Enzyme: GLycogenolysis
Definition
Glycogen phosphorylase
Term
Rate Limiting Enzyme: HMP shunt
Definition
GLucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (g6pd)
Term
Rate Limiting Enzyme: De novo pyrimidine synthesis
Definition
Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase 2
Term
Rate Limiting Enzyme: De novo purine synthesis
Definition
GLutamine-PRPP amidotransferase
Term
Rate Limiting Enzyme: Urea cycle
Definition
Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase 1
Term
Fatty Acid synthesis
Definition
Acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC)
Term
Rate Limiting Enzyme: Fatty Acid Oxidation
Definition
Carnithine acyltransferase 1
Term
Rate Limiting Enzyme: Ketogenesis
Definition
HMG-CoA synthase
Term
Rate Limiting Enzyme: Cholesterol synthesis
Definition
HMG-CoA reductase
Term

Niacin deficiency = Pellagra

 

Tryptophan is used to syn --> Niacin

Definition

B3 = Niacin

D3 = Niacin deficiency = Pellagra

Dementia, Diarrhea, Dermatitis

Term
Pantothenic Acid = Coenzyme A
Definition
TCA cycle: CoA+Oxaloacetate --> Citrate+CoA --> Succinyl-CoA
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