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First Aid Rapid Review, part 5
Key associations
83
Medical
Graduate
05/25/2010

Additional Medical Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Cerebellar tonsillar herniation
Definition
Arnold-Chiari malformation (often causes hydrocephalus; syringomylia)
Term
Chronic arrhythmia
Definition
Atrial fibrillation (associated with high risk of emboli)
Term
Chronic atrophic gastritis (autoimmune)
Definition
Predisposition to gastric carcinoma (can also cause pernicious anemia)
Term
Clear cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina
Definition
DES exposure in utero
Term
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia
Definition
21-hydroxylase deficiency
Term
Congenital cardiac anomaly
Definition
VSD
Term
Congenital conjugated hyperbilirubinemia (black liver)
Definition
Dubin-Johnson syndrome (inability of hepatocytes to secrete conjugated bilirubin in bile)
Term
Constrictive pericarditis in developing world
Definition
Tuberculosis
Term
Coronary artery involved in thrombosis
Definition

LAD > RCA > LCA

 

Term
Cushing's syndrome
Definition

  1. Corticosteroid therapy
  2. Excess ACTH secretion by pituitary

Term
Cyanosis (early; less common)
Definition
Tetralogy of Fallot, transposition of great vessels, truncus arteriosus
Term
Cyanosis (late; more common)
Definition
VSD; ASD; PDA
Term
Death in CML
Definition
Blast crisis
Term
Death in SLE
Definition
Lupus nephropathy
Term
Dementia
Definition

  1. Alzheimer's disease
  2. Multiple infarcts

Term
Demyelinating disease
Definition
Multiple sclerosis
Term
DIC
Definition

Sepsis, trauma, obstetric complications, pancreatitis, malignancy, nephrotic syndrome, transfusion

 

"STOP MAking NEw Thrombi"

Term
Dietary deficit
Definition
Iron
Term
Diverticulum in pharynx
Definition
Zenker's diverticulum (diagnosed by barium swallow)
Term
Ejection click
Definition
Aortic/pulmonic stenosis
Term
Esophageal cancer
Definition
Squamous cell carcinoma (adenocarcinoma in USA)
Term
Food poisoning
Definition
S. aureus
Term
Gene involved in cancer
Definition
p53 tumor supressor gene
Term
Glomerulonephritis (adults)
Definition
Berger's disease (IgA nephropathy)
Term
Gynecologic malignancy
Definition
Endometrial carcinoma
Term
Heart murmur
Definition
Mitral valve prolapse
Term
Heart valve in bacterial endocarditis
Definition
Mitral (rheumatic fever), tricuspid (IV drug abuse), aortic (2nd affected in rheumatic fever)
Term
Helminth infection (U.S.)
Definition

  1. Enterobius vermicularis
  2. Ascaris lumbricoides

Term

Actinic (solar) keratosis

 

[Sandpaper rough skin]

Definition
Squamous cell carcinoma [treat with 5-FU]
Term
Acute gastric ulcer associated with CNS injury
Definition
Cushings ulcer (increased ICP stimulates vagal gastric secretion)
Term
Acute gastric ulcer associated with sever burns
Definition
Curling's ulcer (greatly reduced plasma volume results in sloughing of gastric mucosa)
Term
Alternating areas of transmural inflammation and normal colon
Definition
Skip lesions (Crohn's disease: autoimmune)
Term
Aneurysm, dissecting
Definition
Hypertension
Term
Aortic aneurysm, abdominal and descending aorta
Definition
Atherosclerosis
Term
Aortic aneurysm, ascending
Definition
Tertiary syphilis
Term
Atrophy of the mammillary bodies
Definition
Wernicke's encephalopathy (thiamine deficiency causing ataxia, opthalmolplegia, and confusion)
Term
Autosplenectomy (fibrosis and shrinkage)
Definition
Sickle cell anemia (HbS)
Term
Baceteremia/pneumonia (IV drug user)
Definition
S. aureus
Term
Bacteria associated with stomach cancer
Definition
H. pylori
Term
Bacterial meningitis (adults and elderly)
Definition
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Term
Bacterial meningitis (newborns and kids)
Definition
Group B streptococcus (newborns), S. pneumoniae/Neisseria meningitidis (kids)
Term
Benign melanocytic nevus
Definition
Spitz nevus (most common in first two decase)
Term
Bleeding disorder with GpIb deficiency
Definition
Bernard-Soulier disease (defect in platelet adhesion)
Term
Brain tumor (adults)
Definition
SUpratentorial: mets > astrocytoma (including glioblastoma multiforme) > meningioma > schwannoma
Term
Brain tumor (kids)
Definition
Infratentorial: medulloblastoma (cerebellum) or supratentorial: craniopharyngioma [Rathke's pouch]
Term
Breast cancer
Definition
Infiltrating ductal carcinoma (in the United States, 1 in 9 women will develop breast cancer)
Term
Breast mass
Definition
  1. Fibrocystic change
  2. Carcinoma (in postmenopausal women)
Term
Breast tumor (benign)
Definition
Fibroadenoma
Term
Bug in debilitated, hispitalized pneumonia patients
Definition
Klebsiella
Term
Cardiac primary tumor (kids)
Definition
Rhabdomyoma [seen in tuberous sclerosis]
Term
Cardiac manifestation of lupus
Definition
Libman-Sacks endocarditis (nonbacterial, affecting mitral valve)
Term
Cardiac tumor (adults)
Definition
  1. Metastasis
  2. Primary myxoma (4:1 left to right atrium; "ball and valve")
Term
Cardiomyopathy
Definition
Dilated cardiomyopathy (40% are familial)
Term
Hematoma--epidural
Definition
Rupture of middle meningeal artery (artery bleeding is fast)
Term
Hematoma -- subdural
Definition
Rupture of bridging veins (trauma; venous bleeding is slow)
Term
Hemochromatosis
Definition
Multiple blood transfusions (can result in CHF and increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma)
Term
Hepatocellular carcinoma
Definition
Cirrhotic liver (often associated with hep B and C)
Term
Hereditary bleeding disorder
Definition
von Willebrand's disease
Term
Hereditary harmless jaundice
Definition
Gilbert's syndrome (benign congenital unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia)
Term
HLA-B27
Definition
Psoriatic arteritis, ankylosing spondylitis, ulcerative colitis, reactive arthritis
Term
HLA-DR3 or -DR4
Definition
DM type 1, rheumatoid arthritis, SLE
Term
Holosystolic murmur
Definition
VSD, tricuspid regurgitation, mitral regurgitation
Term
Hypercoagulability, endothelial damage, blood stasis
Definition
Virchow's triad (results in venous thrombosis)
Term
Hypertension, secondary
Definition
Renal disease [if young female, also thing OCP]
Term
Hypoparathyroidism 
Definition
Thyroidectomy
Term
Hypopituitarism
Definition
Adenoma
Term
Infection in blood transfusion
Definition
Hepatitis C
Term
Kidney stones
Definition

  1. Calcium = radiopaque
  2. Struvite (ammonium) = radiopaque (formed by urease-positive organisms such as Proteus vulgaris or Staphylococcus
  3. Uric acid = radiolucent

Term
Late cyanotic shunt (uncorrected L --> R becomes R --> L)
Definition
Eisenmenger's syndrome (caused by ASD, VSD, PDA; results in pulmonary hypertension/polycythemia)
Term
Liver disease
Definition
Alcoholic liver disease
Term
Lysosomal storage disease
Definition
Gaucher's disease [crinkled paper cytoplasm]
Term
Male cancer
Definition
Prostate cancer
Term
Malignancy associated with noninfectious fever
Definition
Hodgkin's lymphoma
Term
Malignant skin tumor
Definition
Basal cell carcinoma (rarely metastasizes)
Term
Mental retardation
Definition

  1. [Most common = fetal alcohol syndrome]
  2. Down syndrome
  3. Fragile X syndrome

Term
Mets to bone
Definition
Breast, lung, thyroid, testes, prostate, kidney
Term
Mets to brain
Definition
Lung, breast, skin (melanoma), kidney (renal cell carcinoma), GI
Term
Mets to liver
Definition
Colon, gastric, pancreatic, breast and lung carcinomas
Term
Mitral valve stenosis
Definition
Rheumatic heart disease
Term
Motor neuron disease
Definition
ALS
Term
Myocarditis
Definition
Coxsackie B [also aseptic meningitis]
Term
Neoplasm (kids)
Definition

 

  1. ALL
  2. Cerebellar [astrocytoma -- perivascular pseudorosettes]

 

Term
Nephrotic syndrome (adults)
Definition
Membranous glomerulonephritis
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