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First Aid Rapid Review
Part I, classic presentations
49
Medical
Graduate
05/14/2010

Additional Medical Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Abdominal pain, ascites, hepatomegaly
Definition

Budd-Chairi syndrome (post-hepatic venous thrombosis)

 

[Note: no JVD rules out CHF]

Term
Achilles tendon xanthoma
Definition

Family Hypercholesterolemia

 

[Family Dislipidemia Type IIa]

Term
Adrenal hemorrhage, hypotension, DIC
Definition

Waterhous-Friderichsen syndrome (meningococcemia)

 

[Neisseria mengitidis]

Term
Arachodactyly, lens dislocation, aortic dissection, hyperflexible joints
Definition
Marfan's syndrome (fibrillin defect)
Term
Back pain, fever, night sweat, weight loss
Definition
Pott's disease [vertebral TB]
Term
Big toe extension/fanning upon plantar scrape
Definition
Babinski sign (UMN lesion)
Term
Bilateral hilar adenopathy, uveitis
Definition
Sarcoidosis (noncaseating granulomas)
Term
Blue sclera
Definition
Osteogenesis imperfect (collagen [I] defect)
Term
Bluish lines on gingiva
Definition
Burton's line (lead poisoning)
Term
Bone pain, bone enlargment, arthritis
Definition

Paget's disease of bone (increased osteoblastic and osteoclastic activity)

 

[Other signs = increased hat size, increased incidence of fracture]

Term
Cafe-au-laut spots, Lisch nodules (iris hamartoma)
Definition

Neurofribomatosis type I (+ bilateral acoustic neuromas = type II)

 

[Cafe-au-lait spots also in McCune-Albright]

Term
Calf pseudohypertrophy
Definition
Muscular dystrophy (most commonly Duchenn's)
Term
"Cherry-red spot" on macula
Definition
Tay-Sachs (ganglioside accumulation) or Niemann-Pick (lysosomal storage disease [sphingomyelinase deficiency])
Term
Chest pain, pericardial effusion/friction rub, persistent fever following MI
Definition
Dressler's syndrome (autoimmune-mediated post-MI fibrinous pericarditis)
Term
Child uses arms to stand up from squat
Definition
Gower's sign (Duchenne muscular dystrophy; X-linked recessive deleted dystrophin)
Term
Child with fever develop red rash on face that spreads to body; "slapped cheeks"
Definition

Eythema infectiosum/fifth disease; Parvovirus B19

 

[Sickle cell increases chances of Parvovirus B19; non-enveloped, single-stranded DNA virus]

Term
Chorea, dementia, caudate degeneration
Definition

Huntingington's (autosomal dominant CAG repeat expansion)

 

[All those extra C's = chorea, crazy, caudate]

Term
Chronic exercise intolerance with myalgia, fatigue, painful cramps
Definition
McArdle's disease (muscle phosphorylase deficiency)
Term
Cold intolerance
Definition
Hypothyroidism
Term
Conjugate lateral gaze palsy, horizontal diplopia
Definition

Medial longitudinal fasciculus damage

 

Bilateral = multiple sclerosis

Unilateral = stroke

Term
Continuous "machinery" heart murmur
Definition
PDA (close with indomethacin; open with misoprostol)
Term
Cutaneous/dermal edema due to connective tissue deposition
Definition
Myxdema (hypothyroidism, Graves' disease)
Term
Dark purple skin/mouth nodules
Definition
Kaposi's sarcoma (usually AIDS patients [gay men]' associated with HHV-8)
Term
Deep, labored breathing/hyperventilation
Definition
Kussmaul breathing (diabetic ketoacidosis)
Term
Dermatitis, dementia, diarrhea
Definition
Pellagra (niacin [vitamin B3] deficiency)
Term
Dilated cardiomyopathy, edema, polyneuropathy
Definition
Wet beriberi (thiamine [vitamine B1] deficiency)
Term
Dog or cat bite resulting in infection
Definition
Pasteurella multocida
Term
Dysphagia (esophageal webs), glossitis, iron deficiency anemia
Definition
Plummer-Vinson syndrome (may progress to esophageal squamous cell carcinoma)
Term
Elastic skin, hypermobility of joints
Definition
Ehlers-Danlos, collagen defect [typically, type III]
Term
Enlarged, hard left supraclavicular node
Definition
Virchow's node (abdominal metastasis)
Term
Erythroderma, lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly, atypical T cells
Definition
Sezary syndrome (cutaneous T-cell lymphoma) or mycosis fungoides
Term
Facial muscle spasm upon tapping
Definition

Chvostek's sign (hypocalcemia)

 

[Cheeks = Chvostek]

Term
Fat, female, forty, and fertile
Definition
Acute cholecystitis [cholilithiasis] (bile duct blockage)
Term
Fever, chills, headache, myalgia following antibiotic treatment for syphilis
Definition
Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction (rapid lysis of spirochetes results in toxin release)
Term
Fibrous plaques in soft tissue of penis
Definition
Peyronie's disae (connective disorder)
Term

Fever, cough, conjunctivitis, coryza [aka "head cold"], diffuse rash,

Definition
Measle (Morbillivirus)
Term
Fever, night sweats, weight loss
Definition
B symptoms (lymphoma) [also TB]
Term
Gout, mental retardation, self-mutilating behavior in a boy
Definition
Lesch-Nyhan syndrome (HGPRT deficiency)
Term
Green-yellow rings around peripheral cornea
Definition
Kayser-Fleischer rings (copper accumulation from Wilson's disease)
Term
Hamartomatous GI polyps, hyperpigmentation of mouth/feet/hands
Definition
Peutz-Jeghers syndrome (genetic benign polyposis can cause bowel obstruction; increased cancer risk)
Term
Hepatosplenomegaly, osteoporosis, neurologic symptoms
Definition
Gaucher's disease (glucocerebrosidase) [also, "crumpled tissue paper" Gaucher cells]
Term
Hereditary nephritis, sensorineural hearing loss, cataracts
Definition
Alport's syndrome (collagen [type IV] mutation)
Term
Hypercoagulability (leading to migrating DVTs and vasculitis)
Definition
Trousseau's sign (adenocarcinoma of pancreas or lung)
Term
Hyperphagia, hypersexuality, hyperorality, hyperdocility
Definition
Kluver-Bucy syndrome (bilateral amygdala lesion)
Term
Hypertension, hypokalemia, metabolic acidosis [think this should be metabolic alkalosis]
Definition
Conn's syndrome
Term
Hypoxemia, polycythemia, hypercapnia
Definition
"Blue bloater" (chronic bronchitis: hyperplasia of mucous cells)
Term
Indurated, ulcerated genital lesion (nonpainful)
Definition
Chancre (primary syphilis: Treponema pallidum)
Term
Infant with failure to thrive, hepatosplenomegaly, neurodegeneration
Definition

Niemann-Pick disease (genetic sphingomyelinase deficiency)

 

[Also, cherry-red macula]

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