Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Final
N/A
82
Art History
Undergraduate 3
05/02/2010

Additional Art History Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Renaissance Humanism
Definition
- Intellectual movement developed from the rediscovery of Latin and Greek texts
- Roots from Francesco Petrarca in beginning of 1300s
- Fully developed in 1400s
- Study of classical authors, Latin and Greek grammar, rhetoric, moral philosophy or ethics, poetry and history
Term
Renaissance Humanism Definition
Definition
- Instead of studying interpretations given by others, humanists focused their analysis on Primary sources (documents, artifacts)

- Process of continuous verification on sources and the study of ancient philosophers
- Used to assess the role of the human being as a creator deity
- Development of new experimental approach to the study of the real world (a modern concept examination of all its features)
Term
Years of the Council of Florence
Definition
1438-1439
Term
What was the council of Florence?
Definition
- Promoted teh reunification btw the Roman catholic church and the greek byzantine catholic church
- Started in Basel, Switzerland in 1431, was then transferred to Ferrara in Italy
- The diffusion of a plague near Ferrara and the diplomatic ability of Cosimo determined a new transfer of council in Florence, where it took place under the newly inaugurated cupola of Brunelleschi
Term
Who were the courts in the council of Florence
Definition
1. Pope Eugene IV
2. Byzantine emperor John VII Palaeologus
3. Patriarch Joseph II of Costantinople arrived in Florence
- the greatest intellectuals and scientists of the pd. met and discussed
- became an occasion of cultural exchange btw the western and eastern world
- renaissance humaism acquired a new dimension through the analysis of its relation with Christianity
Term
Religious issues of Renaissance humanism
Definition
- Increased faith in the capabilities of man that came from teh application of teh reasoning logic of teh educated indiv.
- everything in life has a determinate nature, but man can choose
- man gains teh intellectual freedom to travel up or down the moral scale, aware of teh sincere and vivid importance of God on earth and not servant of a dogmatic philosophy
Term
[image]
Definition
Giovanni Pico della Mirandola
An Oration on the dignity of man
1480
Term
[image]
Definition
San Marco
1437
Commissioned by Cosimo the elder to the architect Michelozzo
Term
[image]
Definition
Descent from the Cross
1430-1432
San Marco Museum
Commissioned by Palla Strozzi for his burial chapel in Sacristy of Santa Trinita church, Florence
Term
[image]
Definition
Annunciation
1433-1434
Museo Diocesano, Cortona
Term
[image]
Definition
Annalena
1434-1435
Museo di San Marco, Florence
Term
San Marco Convent, Florece
Definition
1436-1445
In 1436, Angelico moved from Fiesole to San Marco
- his workshop begins the large fresco decoration of all the main spaces of the structure
- the convent was renovated by Michelozzo and patronized by Cosimo the elder
Term
[image]
Definition
Madonna of the Shadows
1438-1446
San Marco convent
Term
Fra' Filippo Lippi
Definition
1406-1469
-Entered in Carmine convent at age of six, due to the poverty of his family
- In the convent while Masaccio and Masolino work at the frescos of the Brancacci chapel
- His artistic production will effect the art of Sandro Botticelli, but also da Vinci
Term
[image]
Definition
Madonna of Humility
Lippi
castello Sforzesco, Milan
1431
Term
[image]
Definition
1437
Barbadori panel
Louvre, Paris
Term
[image]
Definition
1437
Tarquinia Madonna
Palazzo Barberini, Roma
Lippi
Term
[image]
Definition
1465
Madonna and Child with angels
Galleria degli Uffizi
Lippi
Term
Madonna and Child with Angels
Definition
- On the back of the wood panel there is a sketch of a feminine bust
- Innovative composition and formal conception:
- Size of madonna
- Displayed on a foreshorten window frame
- Inspired by contemporary sculpture
- Landscape: birds eye view inspired by flemish paintings
- the atmospheric environment created by the mild fusion of the color tones with teh value of light
- towards leo's teoria degli affetti
Term
[image]
Definition
1435
The Virgin of Chancellor Rolin
Jan van Eyck
Louvre, Paris
Term
Who dominated art in Florence between 1470-1500?
Definition
Pollaiolo, Verrocchio, and Botticelli
Term
What was the goal of the time btw 1470-1500?
Definition
Methods of dipicting space, form and light were acquired so 3 new fields of investigation were developed aka they explored new and different problems in representation, often related to different sectors of the Florentine society
Term
The 4 tendencies of 1470-1500
Definition
1. the dynamic line (pollaiuolo,verrocchio and young leo): all nature is one, therefore plant, animal and human physiology are worthy of being studied as principles of form, space, and light
- Motion, growth, decay and dissolution are more characteristic of our world than mathematical relationships
2. The abstract and ideal line (botticelli and lippi): abstract values and ideas, expressed through the drawing line and color tone, are a central concern. Subjects that express emotional, poetic yearnings are preferred
3. Florentine chronicle (Ghirlandaio): scriptural narratives and scenes of saints' legends had to be linked with contemporary Florence. Main personalities and the ideal view of Florence become part of the narration
Term
[image]
Definition
Pollaiuolo
Hercules and the Hydra
1475
Galleria degli Uffizi, Florence
Term
[image]
Definition
Sassetti Chapel
1485
Santa Trinita Florence
Ghirlandaio
Term
Pollaiuolo
Definition
1431-1498
Painter and Sculptor
-first large scale mythological paintings known to us
-3 pictures on canvas listed in 1492 inventory of the medici palace, representing the labors of Hercules
-Moved to Palazzo Vecchio in 1494 and now lost
Term
[image]
Definition
Pollaiuolo
1470s
Hercules
Frick collection, New York
Term
Palazzo Medici Riccardi
Definition
- Built from 1446 by Michelozzo di Bartolommeo
- Building became prototype of Renaissance civil architecture
- Completed about 10 years later
- Combined tradition (pietra forte, grained sandstone, and rustication) with new Renaissance concepts
Term
[image]
Definition
Hercules and Antaeus
Pollaiuolo
1478
Galleria degli Uffizi, Florence
Term
[image]
Definition
Giuliano de'Medici
1475-1478
Verrocchio
National Gallery of Art, Washington
Term
[image]
Definition
Lady with Bouquet
1478
Verrocchio
Bargello, Firenze
Term
[image]
Definition
Mona Lisa
1503-1505
Leonardo da Vinci
Louvre, Paris
Term
[image]
Definition
Verrocchio
The Baptism of Christ
1475-1478
Galleria degli Uffizi, Florence
Term
Botticelli
Definition
- The art production of Botticelli is related to an essential cultural and political passage of teh Florentine history:
- from the Medicean domination... exiled in 1494
- to the affirmation fo the republic under Savonarola
(1452-1498), the Dominican friar who became leader of the republic btw 1494 and 1498, when he was burnt in Piazza della Signoria
Term
What did the works made by Botticelli after 1495-1496 represent?
Definition
The rigorous moral ideals of Savonarola transferred into visual form
Term
[image]
Definition
The Lamentation
1495
Milano, Museo Poldi Pezzoli
Term
[image]
Definition
The Nativity
1501
National Gallery, London
- archaic interpretation based on a total refusal of perspectic principles
- the compostion is displaed according to a religious hierarchy
Term
Fra' Girolamo Savonarola
Definition
1452-1498
- After the expulsion of the medici in 1494 ge becane leader of the city
- Florence was then proclaimed christian and religious republic refunded under the name of jesus christ
- Bonfire of the vanities: pagan books, statues, pagan paintings, chess, musical instruments, poems, fine dresses, were all burnt in piazza della signoria
- 1498: excommunicated by pope alexander VI
- his excessive rigor determined his decline and his final arrest and execution, which took place in Signoria
- he was burnt with Fra' Domenico da Pescia and Fra silvestro, two of his closest associates that were arrested with him in San Marco convent
Term
Alessandro Filipepi aka Botticelli
Definition
1445-1510
- Initially trained as a goldsmith by his brother Antonio
- 1464-1467: apprenticed to Lippi
- By 1470 had his workshop
- early works influenced by Lippi
- linearism of pollaiuolo brothers
- verrocchio's strong sense of plasticism, which has been acquired through his late activity for verrocchio's workshop
Term
What happens with Boticelli around 1470?
Definition
- He begins to enter in contact with the Medicean family and the protagonists of the Neo platonic academy, in particular Marsilio Ficino and Polizano
Term
[image]
Definition
Male Portrait with a medal
1474-1475
Firenze, Uffizi
Botticelli
Term
Neo-Platonic Florentine Academy
Definition
Promoted by Cosimo the Elder
Founded 1459 by the literates and scholars
Term
Love and Beauty within the Neo-Platonic Florentine Academy
Definition
Love and Beauty became the keys of the elevation of human beings from the reign of the Materialto teh superior one of the Spirit

Mythology gave visual and cultural shape to these ideas

This is one of teh reasons why pagan themes flourished in visual arts
Term
[image]
Definition
Study of two standing figures
Botticelli
1475
Lille
Term
[image]
Definition
Portrait of Giuliano de'Medici
1478
National Gallery, Washington
Term
[image]
Definition
1482
Uffizzi

-Commissioned by Lorenzo di Pierfrancesco de'Medici
-Painting was at Palazzo Medici
-Made for a marriage
-Painting: Mercury, teh messenger of the Gods, is prodding a small bank of clouds, driving away the winter winds
-Amor, god of passionate love, is flying cherub, recognizable by his bow, arrows and quiver
-Venus, goddess of love and beauty
-Three graces
-Flora, goddess of spring, recognizable by the flowers that come out of her mouth.
Term
[image]
Definition
1482-1484
Botticelli
Uffizi

-The portrayal of the arrival of the goddess of love at teh island of Cyprus
-Stands in contrapposto
-Zephyrus, the warming wind of spring, is represented embraced by the personification of Chloris or Aura, they create a soft breeze that pushes Venus towards Cyprus
-Hera is represented by the flowersover her dress
-
Term
Mona Lisa
Definition
-Real florentine woman
-Eyes follow you. Use of optics
-Background horizon is uneven and opposite to the position of her shoulders
-She sits at a 3/4 pose.
-Awareness of her 3D
Term
The Verruvian Man
Definition
-Circle inside the square
-Leo's intent was from nature and drawings by Brun.
-Studied human anatomy
Term
Lady with Bouquet
Definition
-First time that attention was given to attitude in female
-Cuts bust lower to give space to arms inducing them in visual form
-Hands capture life of person
Term
Da Vinci
Definition
1452-1519
-Son of a Florentine notary
-1466-1473 apprenticed to Verrocchio
Term
[image]
Definition
Annunication
1472-1473
Leonardo
Uffizi
-Optical illusions ensure a correct reading of the painting from a determined viewpoint
-Aerial perspective in the background testimonies Leo's early study towards the rep of atmosphere
Term
[image]
Definition
Landscape
pen and brown ink on white paper
-not created by exact horizon
-lateral view is more natural, not the original view
-strong influnce of northern flemish painting
-evokes the effect of wind blowing
Term
[image]
Definition
Adoration of the Magi
1481
Uffizi
-done in 2 different time periods
-a anonymous painter added several layers of paint made of red and brown earth pigments
-obscure the original drawing
Term
Where did Leo move and in what years?
Definition
Milan and 1482-1500
Term
[image]
Definition
Virgin of the Rocks
Leonardo
1486
Louvre, Paris
Term
When was the last supper made?
Definition
1495
Milan
Term
When did Leo go back to Florence?
Definition
1501-1508
Term
Leonardo's science of painting?
Definition
painting=mental discourse
-capable of imitating toperfectional all the natural forms and capable of endlessly inventing other forms
-mental discourse is a process which begins through the eyes that make possible to pass from teh obsercation of nature to teh mind and by the means of hands from the mind to the painting
-the aim of leo was to unigy scientific knowledge and the artistic representation of nature
Term
[image]
Definition
St. Anne
Leonardo
1503
National Gallery, London

-the representation of the feeligns or affects that relate one figure with another corresponds to the idea of the constant evolution or motion of nature
Term
The origin of Sfumato
Definition
-for leo shadows are a basic component of painting bc tehy determine teh perception of the relief
-the investigation of the geometry of the shadow brought to the analysis fo teh colors and the phenomena of their reflection
-within this area of interest leo arrives at the creation of the sfumato

***which is a delicate gradation of the transition btw light and shadow.
Term
[image]
Definition
1504-1508
Leo
Battle of Anghiari
-fresco for palazzo vecchio
Term
Michelangeo
Definition
1475-1564
1488-1489 enters workshop of the ghirlandaio
Term
[image]
Definition
Madonna of the Steps
1490-1491
Mich.
-Stiacciato-a tech. that helps create a subtle relief taht gives a 3D persepective
-inspired by classical sculpture
Term
[image]
Definition
Battle of the Centaurs
1491-1492
Mich.
Term
What year was the pieta made?
Definition
1497 -roma, san pietro

-compared to the pieta by german, terracotta, 1410
Term
When did Mich. go back to florence?
Years of the david?
Definition
1499-1501

1501-1504
Term
[image]
Definition
Tondo Pitti
1503
Mich.
Bargello

-made while workign on david
-baby is natural
-madonna takes up entire space
Term
[image]
Definition
Tondo doni
Uffizi
1503-1504

-used to show world that the sistine chapel's colors were bright during restoration
-no chiaroscuro used
-uses serpentine line
-madonna is spiraled
-made before sistine chapel
Term
[image]
Definition
Battle of Cascina
1504-1508
Palazzo Vecchio
Term
When did Mich go to Rome?
Years of Sacristy?
Definition
1508-1512
1519-1524;1530-1533
Term
years of mannerism
Definition
1520-1570
Term
where does mannerism take inspiration?
Definition
Great masters' style
Term
years of andrea del sarto
Definition
1486-1531
-1494-1498 apprenticed to a goldsmith and thena wood carver who sent himto study with cosimo
-influenced mich and leo
-combined sfumato of leo, composition of harmony of raffaello, solid anatomic structure of mich
called faultless painter
-1510 worked on santissima annunziata fresco(normal picture of life at teh timeafter giving birth, mother stayed in bed and ppl came to visit/slippers/wet nurse by fireplace
Term
[image]
Definition
1517
madonna of the harpies
uffizi
sarto
Term
il pontormo
Definition
-apprenticed to da vinci and tehn to albertinelli and piero di cosimo
-1512 entered workshop of sarto
-1515 had a distinctive style
Term
[image]
Definition
1518
il pontormo
san michele visdomini
all figures look connected
Term
capponi chapel
Definition
il pontormo
1526-1528
pastel artificial color and action, not supposed to look real
-person at the bottom is misproportioned.. might be self portrait
-twisted stances
Supporting users have an ad free experience!