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Final
final art history test for nyu
62
Art History
Undergraduate 2
05/05/2009

Additional Art History Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term

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Oath of the Horatti

Definition

Jacques Louis David

1784

  • scene of ancient Roman History
  • strong angular postures
  • picture organized by architectural background
    • 3 arches resonate the three positions of the men
    • linear perspective create a readable space
  • light comes at a diagonal and from the left
  • departure from the comical airy sense of Rococo to the serious subject matter
  • close to Poussin's "Death of Germanicus"
Term

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Death of Socrates

Definition

Jacques-Louis David

1787

  • Poussin influence
  • rectangular-stage like setting
  • diagonal light
  • Socrates is surrounded by 12 followers
    • religious overtones
    • Christian theme in secular painting
  • reflects the idea that martyrdom is the cause of reason and interest at stake
Term

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Death of Marat

Definition

Jacques-Louis David

1793

  • Marat - representative of new republic of France
  • David decides to show moment after assasination
    • departure from Baroque's mid-murder action
  • neutral palatte
    • emphasized by Marat's pale body
  • Position of Marat's body
    • recalls Christ's dead body in early pietas
Term

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Odalisque

Definition

J.A.D. Ingres

1814

  • personifies the Western world's fascination with the East
  • Odalisque is shown as exotic
    • pale skin
    • peacock feather
    • hookah
  • in contrast to similar portraits (Titian's "Venus of Urbino")
    • back is turned towards the viewer
  • sense of touch
    • feathers on the back of her leg
  • portrait more about stature than personality
Term

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Portrait of Napoleon

Definition

J.A.D. Ingres

1806

  • rigid and static portrait
  • shown in the same fashion as ancient Roman Emperors
    • no crown but a laurel crown
  • compared to Rigaud's portrait of Louis
    • Rigaud's is non-chalant whereas this is serious
    • both filled with goods
  • display of opulence important
  • comparison to van Eyck's "Ghent Altarpiece"
    • curved back of throne forms a sort of halo
    • same stance as God in the altarpiece
Term

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Portrait of Madame Ines Moitessier

Definition

J.A.D. Ingres

1856

  • illusions to classical prototype of portraiture
  • pose recalls Roman murals at Herculaneam
  • smooth skin, curvilinear shoulders, Raphaelesque face
  • opulence displayed
    • rose-patterened gown
    • jewelery
    • peacock feather
Term

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Cupid & Psyche

Definition

Antonio Canova

1787

  • drapery and subject matter both recall ancient art
  • allegorical
    • Psyche represents the human soul
    • story represents marriage of the divine and human soul
  • designed to be rotated
  • variety of surface textures
  • intense emotion
Term

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Pauline Borghese as Venus

Definition

Antonio Canova

1808

  • neoclassical because of the coach Pauline is on
    • replication of ancient Greek furniture
  • naked upper body
    • recalls Venus
  • portrait of living individual in the guise of Venus
Term

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Snowstorm: Hannibal and his army crossing the Alps

Definition

J.M.W. Turner

1812

  • about the grandeur of nature
    • nature is physically bigger than the presence of humans
  • shows the effects of clouds in deep valleys
  • Hannibal barely present
    • shown by presence of his elephant
Term

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The Slave Ship

Definition

J.M.W. Turner

1840

  • lack of formal bodies or countour lines
  • imaginary re-enactment of slave ship heading to America
  • random body parts jutting out of water
    • hands
    • leg in the right-hand corner
    • fish swarm to bodies
Term

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Rain, Steam, and Speed

Definition

J.M.W. Turner

1844

  • embraced modernity as a subject
    • steam engine
  • train is heading towards the viewer
Term

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The Haywain

Definition

John Constable

1821

  • scene of the English countryside
  • trees signal direction of the stream
  • depicts gentle, rural life
  • an air of nostalgia
    • England undergoing Industrial Revolution
    • captures the present that is vanishing
  • en plein-air
  • interest in the painting of the sky
Term

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Salisbury Cathedral from the Meadows

Definition

John Constable

1829

  • church framed by trees
  • arch in trees resonates arch in architecture
  • path in the lower corner guides us into the picture
  • gentle nature
Term

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Monk by the Sea

Definition

Caspar David Friedrich

1809

  • sublime
  • concept of individualization
  • 4/5ths of painting is the sky
  • almost indefinite figure
  • withdrawal of the world
Term

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Abbey in an Oak Forest

Definition

Caspar David Friedrich

1809

  • ruined Gothic abbey
  • life around the abbey almost lost in nocturnal shadow
  • trees mirror the skeleton of human creation
  • obscure human forms
    • procession of monks
Term

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Polar Sea

Definition

Caspar David Friedrich

1824

  • detailed ice
  • indication of human presence
    • hull of ship sticking out from ice
  • awe-inspiring nature deminishes human presence
Term

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The Oxbow

Definition

Thomas Cole

1836

  • shows the vastness of the American continent
  • grandeur
  • clouds show a notion of terror and drama
  • human presence signaled by parasol
Term

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Portrait of Family of Charles IV

Definition

Francisco Goya

1800

  • Royal family is not idealized
    • even though they are dressed in opulence they are not idealized as classical forms would
  • sense of maternal touch and tenderness
  • comparison to Velazquez royal portrait
    • imposes himself into the portrait
    • central figures - King and Queen (different from Velazquez)
  • rapid brushstrokes
    • very defined in the Queen's dress
Term

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Third of May, 1808

Definition

Francisco Goya

1814

  • the firing squad's backs are turned to the viewer
    • anonymous
  • progression from dead to those waiting to be executed
  • fighter about to get shot
    • white shirt
    • light shining on him
    • outstreched arms
      • resembles a crucified Jesus
      • religious context in secular painting
Term

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The Sleep of Reason produces Monsters

Definition

Francisco Goya

1799

  • etching
    • aquatint
      • acid on etcing produces midtones
  • fantasy filled picture
  • as reason sleeps monsters emerge
    • sleep presents an irrational world
  • birds = supernatural
Term

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Saturn Devouring his Child

Definition

Francisco Goya

1819

  • vivid representation
  • allegory of war
  • grotesque
Term

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Charging Chasseur

Definition

Theodore Gericault

1812

  • signs of opulence
    • leopard saddle
  • billowing clouds of gunpower smoke
  • recalls Titian and Reuben
  • parallel between the chasseur and the horse
    • animalistic forces are charging the chasseurs heroism
Term

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Raft of Medusa

Definition

Theodore Geircault

1818

  • depicts a recent real-world event that is fresh to the viewers mind
  • depicts the struggle for survival and the heroism of the comman man
  • philosopher-like figure in the lower left
  • depicts the crucial moment of salvation
  • triangular composition
  • Michealangelesque nudes
Term

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Portrait of a Madwoman

Definition

Theodore Gericault

1822

  • Gericault had a fascination with the extremes of the human condition
  • series of paintings
  • different titles for different illnesses
Term

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Portrait of a Madman

Definition

Theodore Gericault

1822

Term

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Massacre at Chios

Definition

Eugene Delacroix

1824

  • misery and suffering in the foreground
  • based upon event in ancient Greek history when Turks massacred 20,000 civilians
  • expresses passion for democracy and individual freedom
  • bodies in the foreground and contortorted and twisted and evoke despair
    • cluster in foreground echoed in the background
  • asymmetrical pyramid allude to Ruben's
Term

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Death of Sardanapalus

Definition

Eugene Delacroix

1827

  • soldiers bring in naked concubines, horses, and treasures
  • excessive and swirling composition
  • filled with warm colors (red, yellow)
  • emphasis on the exotic
  • ignores classical forms of space and volume
Term

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Liberty leading her People

Definition

Eugene Delacroix

1830

  • depicts allegorical figure of French Revolution
  • civil army is being led by liberty which is France herself
  • depicts the Romantic idea of democracy and freedom
Term

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Women of Algiers

Definition

Eugene Delacroix

1834

  • sensual and soft hues
  • color is dappled and there are no contours
  • shapes are materialized by adjacent marks and buildup of color and brushstrokes
Term

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Burial at Ornans

Definition

Gustave Courbet

1849

  • epitome of realism
  • painting does not try to depict a certain theme or subject
  • no shread of elegance or individualism
  • based on studies of Ornans
  • art of the people of not of the academy
Term

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Stone Breakers

Definition

Gustave Courbet

1849

  • realism
  • poverty in workers shown in the ragged clothes and coarseness of labor
  • workers are anonymous, faces covered
  • same amount of detail in stone as in the portrayal of the workers
Term

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Luncheon on the Grass

Definition

Edouard Manet

1863

  • large, loose brushstrokes
  • Manet painted the picture with the intent to shock
  • comparison to Giorgione's "Concert"
    • 2 men dress contemporarily
    • 2 naked women
  • woman makes confrontational gaze with viewer
  • criticized due to how "sketchy" it looks, doesn't look completeted
  • distorted sense of depth
  • very two dimensional
Term

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Olympia

Definition

Edouard Manet

1863

  • turns Venus into a Paris prostitute
  • the subject is not coy or shy
    • contrast to Titian's Venus
  • comparison to Ingres' "Odalisque"
    • avoids all exotic elements present in Ingres'
    • Ingres divorces from everyday reality
  • uses Titian as a model
  • strong verticle line in the middle diverts attention to genitals
  • black cat is characteristic of Manet
Term

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Boating

Definition

Edouard Manet

1874

  • casual composition
  • picture is cropped below the horizon
  • unexpected and spontaneous
Term

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Bar at the Folies-Bergeres

Definition

Edouard Manet

1881

  • rich in ideas and filled with references
    • most are seen in the mirror
  • mirror represents an illusion
    • festive seen even though the barmaid has a sort of melancholy face
      • suggests alienation from the contemporary world
  • comments on materialism in the modern world
    • very expensive bar
    • catered to the well-to-do
Term

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Orchestra of the Paris Opera

Definition

Edgar Degas

1868

  • genre scene
  • subject is the intensity, excitement, and fragmentation of contemporary life
  • view is at an angle
    • typical for a theater goer
  • the entire plane is slightly skewed
    • walls are cut off
    • ballet dancers cut off
  • style attributed to Japanese art of the time
    • popular in France
Term

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The Tub

 

Definition

Edgar Degas

1886

Term

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The Child's Bath

Definition

Mary Cassatt

1891

  • perspective similar to Manet
  • influenced by chinese woodblocks
    • small lines, bold colors
  • bright colors
  • fast brushwork
  • emotional and physical subject
Term

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Symphony in White No. II: The Little White Girl

Definition

J.A.M. Whistler

1864

  • Japanese influence
  • asian porcelain on the mantle
  • japanese architecture
    • strong verticals and horizontals
  • identity not important
  • delicate brushstrokes
    • seem transparent
  • tribute to Ingres' "Portrait of Madame Ines"
Term

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Arrangement in Black and Grey: the Artists Mother

Definition

J.A.M. Whistler

1871

  • many of the same points as the last especially on Japanese architecture
Term

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Nocturne in Black and Gold: the falling rocket

Definition

J.A.M. Whistler

1874

  • night scene with fireworks
  • fascination with Japanese prints
  • loose style and color fragments
  • realistic and abstract
Term

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On the Bank of the Seine

Definition

Claude Monet

1868

  • pre-Impressionist work
  • represent a relaxed and leisure activity
  • loose and rapid brushstrokes
  • water is an important motif
    • reflective surface
  • series of flecks of colors
  • spontaneous, instant
  • optical science
    • wanted to reconstruct what the eye visually saw
  • painting is filled with rich color
    • black spots are not really black but different hues of brown
Term

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Impression: Sunrise

Definition

Claude Monet

1872

  • presence of man in nature
  • soft and ill-defined forms
  • water is defined by flat gray and broad brushstrokes
  • Comparison to Whistler
    • atmospheric perspective
Term

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Boulevard des Capucines

Definition

Claude Monet

1873

  • city-life
  • undefined figures
  • comforting
Term

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Haystacks

Definition

Claude Monet

1891

  • came close to abstract art
  • studied haystacks in various variations
    • wanted to see different effects of life
  • row of trees in the distance
    • lined up with edge of haystack
  • apex close to upper edge
    • causes diagonal shadow
Term

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Poplars

Definition

Claude Monet

1891

  • tall, reedy trees
  • unified geometry
  • lined at river bank
  • variety of depictions
  • divided by reflection on the water bank
  • vertical lines cut from top to bottom
Term

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Waterlilies

Definition

Claude Monet

1891

  • includes the theme of water
  • as the years go on the waterlilies become more abstract
Term

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Landscape with Mont. Ste-Victoire (1885)

Definition

Paul Cezanne

  • strategically placed brushstrokes
  • breakes colors into patches
  • mosaic-like
  • some shapes reoccur throughout the painting
    • triangle with the mountain
    • cubed home
Term

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Landscape with Mont Ste.-Victoire (1897)

Definition

Paul Cezanne

  • contrast between red quaries and the mountain color
  • color patches
  • is more abstract than the earlier one
Term

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Still-Life with Apples (1875)

Definition

Paul Cezanne

  • discrete brushstrokes
  • laid like architecture
  • apples were charged objects to Cezanne
  • 3-D
  • symbolism of apple the biggest point with apple still-lifes
Term

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Still-Life with Apples (1879)

Definition

Paul Cezanne

  • the picture on the front isn't the one on the checklist i couldn't find one. the only difference is that the ables on the actual table should be on a dish
  • framed by the horizontal table
  • plastic-like feeling due to the meticulous brushwork
Term

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Bathers

Definition

Paul Cezanne

1900

  • trees arch inward
  • highly architectural technique
  • women postures mirror the trees
  • use of patches of color
  • faces are schematic
  • similar to Constable's "Salisbury Cathedral" becuase of the arching of the trees
Term

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Sunday Afternoon on the Island of the Grand Jatte

Definition

Georges Seurat

1884

  • spointaneity of Impressionist brushwork give it order (pointillism)
  • blue and yellow brushstrokes
  • viewer becomes the palatte
  • carefully structured and organized composition
  • the subject is the affluent middle class
  • the actual subjects are either in profile or frontal
  • special grid created consisting of right angles and perpendicular lines
  • a sense of stillness
    • comparison to della Francesca's portraiture
  • painted frame
Term

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Chahut

Definition

Georges Seurat

1889

  • believed colors mixed more intensely by the human eye than on a palette
  • built up the painting and painted it in different layers
  • lines going up represent a jovial tone in the painting
  • skewed and cropped composition
Term

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The Potato- Eaters

Definition

Vincent van Gogh

1885

  • depicts a peasant family
  • shabby interior
  • exaggerated features
  • strained expressions
  • restrincted sense of space
  • social message
    • signifies the poor
    • an emphasis on the symbiosis of human and nature in terms to work of the poor class

 

Term

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Portrait of Pere Tanguy

Definition

Vincent van Gogh

1887

  • colors range from the dark to light
  • fascination with Asia
  • similar to Chinese family portraits
    • frontality
    • use of colors
    • Buddha pose with folded hands
    • wall of Japanese prints
Term

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Night Cafe

Definition

Vincent van Gogh

1888

  • color is important
    • harsh and clashing
    • blood red walls
    • green on the billiard table is different from the ceiling
  • people in melancholy position
  • clausterphobic sense
  • harsh lighting
  • "horrible passion of humanity is expressed through red and green"
  • sense of being in hell
Term

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Starry Night

Definition

Vincent van Gogh

1889

  • landscape
  • spiraling brushstrokes
  • flame-like quality in the cypress tree
  • tree mirrors the church spire
  • tree and church spiral penetrate the sky
Term

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Vision after the Sermon

Definition

Paul Gauguin

1888

  • red paint resonates van Gogh's work
  • strong colors
  • visualization of the sermon
  • cows shape resembles the two battling biblical figures
  • tree creates a sharp division line
  • the picture seems to be in motion
Term

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Where do we come from? Where are we? Where are we going?

Definition

Paul Gauguin

1897

  • obsession with the idea of primitivism
    • greater truth in a primitive society
    • went to Tahiti
  • all forms of life from right to left
  • central female figure alludes to a Tahitian eve
  • dense and lush land
  • curvilenear forms
  • torsos resemble Egyptian figures
  • gold corners resemble Byzantine art
Term

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The Scream

Definition

Edvard Munch

1893

  • skull-like head
  • compressed, writing figure
  • violent, scary
  • swirling brushstrokes
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