Shared Flashcard Set

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Final
Language, Cognition and Intelligence
40
Psychology
12th Grade
01/22/2012

Additional Psychology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Cognitive Psychology
Definition
Study of mental processes by which info from the environment is modified, made meaningful, stored, retrieved, used, and communicated to others
Term
Circle of Thought
Definition
Describe, elaborate, decide, plan, act
Term
Thinking
Definition
The manipulation of mental representations
Term
Mental Chronometry
Definition
Timing of mental events
Term
Reaction Time
Definition
The time between the presentation of the stimulus, and on overt response to it.
Term
Concept
Definition
A category of objects, events, or ideas that have common properties
Formal concept: rectangle
Natural concept: table
Term
Schema
Definition
Generalizations about categories of objects, places, events, and people.
Term
Script
Definition
A mental representation of familiar sequences of activity
Term
Mental Model
Definition
A representation of particular situations or arrangements of objects that guides our interaction with them.
Term
Cognitive map
Definition
A mental model of familiar parts of the environment.
Term
Formal Reasoning
Definition
The process of following a set of regorous procedures for reaching valid conclusions.
Term
Informal Reasoning
Definition
The process of evaluating a conclusion, theory, or course of action on the basis of the believability of evidence.
Anchoring Heuristic,Representativeness Heuristic, Availability Heuristic
Term
Language Symbols and Grammar
Definition
Language: Symbols and a set of rules for combining them that provides a vehicle for communication.
Grammer: A set of rules for combining the words used in a given language.
Term
Phoneme, Morpheme, and Words
Definition
Phoneme: smallest unit of sound that affects the meaning of speech...Morpheme: The smallest unit of language that has meaning...Word: Unit of language composed of one of more morphemes.
Term
Syntax
Definition
The set of rules that govern the formation of phrases and sentences in a language.
Term
Semantics
Definition
Rules governing the meaning of words and sentences.
Term
Surface Structure and Deep Structure
Definition
Surface Structure: The order of which words are arranged in a sentence...Deep Structure: An abstract representation of the underlying meanings of a given sentence.
Term
Bottom-up processing, top- down processing
Definition
Bottom-up: Aspects of recognition that depend on info about stimulus from the brain to sensory receptors...Top-down: Aspects of recognition guided by higher level cognitive processes.
Term
Babblings, one-word stage, telegraphic speech
Definition
Babblings: The first sounds infants make that resemble speech...One word stage: A stage of language development during which children tend to use one word at a time...Telegraphic speech: Two word sentences, brief and to the point.
Term
Spearman's theory of intelligence
Definition
Intelligence can be expressed by a single factor.
Term
Thurstone's theory of intelligence
Definition
Made up of 7 abilities
-Reasoning, memory, verbal comprehension, perceptual speed, number, word fluency, spatial visualization.
Term
Guilford's theory of intelligence
Definition
Made up of 100 abilities
Term
Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences
Definition
Linguistic, logical, spatial, musical, bodily, interpersonal, intrapersonal, naturalist
Term
Sternburg's triarchic theory
Definition
Experiential or creative knowledge, componential(compare, contrast, analyze), contextual or practical(street smarts)
Term
Practical intelligence
Definition
Would help you figure out what to do if you were stranded on a lonely road during a blizzard.
Term
Analytical intelligence
Definition
The kind that is measured by traditional intelligence tests, would help you solve a physics problem
Term
Creative intelligence
Definition
What you would use to compose music
Term
Functional fixedness
Definition
You can only think of one use for an object.
Term
Divergent Thinking
Definition
The ability to think along many alternative paths to generate many different solutions to a problem.
Term
Reliability
Definition
The degree to which a test can be repeated with the same results.
Term
Validity
Definition
The degree to which test scores are interpreted correctly and used appropriately.
Term
Standardization
Definition
Test items have been piloted on a similar population who are meant to take the test.
Term
Aptitude test
Definition
Measures ability or potential
Term
Achievement Test
Definition
Measures what has been learned or accomplished
Term
Algorithm
Definition
A systematic procedure that cannot fail to produce a correct solution.
Term
Rules of logic
Definition
Sets of statements that provide a formula for drawing conclusions
Term
Syllogism
Definition
An argument made of two propositions, called premises, and a conclusion based on those premises.
Term
Anchoring Heuristic
Definition
A mental shortcut that involves basing judgment on existing info.
Term
Availability Heuristic
Definition
A mental shortcut through which judgements are based on info that is most easily brought to mind.
Term
Representativeness Heuristic
Definition
A mental shortcut that involves judging whether something belongs in a given class, based on similarity.
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