Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Final
Psych 3083 Final
55
Psychology
Undergraduate 3
05/07/2011

Additional Psychology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term

 

 

 

 

Meichenbaum

Definition

 

 

 

 

Self talk

Term

 

 

 

 

CBT Levels of Thought

Definition


1. Core beliefs

2. Assumptions

3. Strategies

4. Automatic Thoughts and Images

Term

 

 

 

 

Beck and the Cognitive Triad

Definition


1. Negative self esteem

2. Negative view of the world

3. Pessimistic view of the future


"I'm no good, the world sucks, and it's not going to get better"

Term

 

 

 

Ellis' 3 types of irrational beliefs

Definition

 

 

1)I must be competent and achieving and I must win the approval of important people.  I am a rotten person when I don’t achieve and don’t win the approval of others.

2)Others must treat me fairly and they are worthless when they don’t.
3)I need and must have the things I want. I can’t deal with frustrations. The world is rotten when I don’t get what I want.
Term

 

 

 

 

Beck's Stages of Therapy

Definition


1. Initial stage-- build relationship, distinguish between thoughts and feelings, define problem. Therapist is involved

2. Middle stage-- get patient to identify automatic thoughts, examine underlying core beliefs or schemas, patient assumes responsibility for identifying problems and solutions

3. Later stage-- patient is able to solve problems without therapist and deal with setbacks

Term

 

 

 


CBT is effective with...

Definition



Eating disorders, depressions, panic disorders, phobias, OCD, PTSD, marital problems, GAD & SUDs

Term

 

 

 

Negative practice

Definition



Deliberately doing something so that it becomes under concious control. Ex. facial ticks

Term

 

 

 

 

Metacognition

Definition

 

 

 

 

Thinking about your thinking

Term

 

 

 

Albert Bandura

Definition

 

 

 

Social Cognitive Theory (ex. Bobo doll)

Term

 

 

 

 

Behavioral Activation

Definition

 

 

 

Patient engages in behaviors to test negative cognitions (Ex. study abroad girl)

Term

 

 

 

Cognitive Rehearsal

Definition

 

 

 

 

Thinking about and planning all needed steps to complete a goal

Term

 

 

 

 

Integrative Behavioral Family Systems Approach

Definition

 



Teaches couples to make arguments less hurtful by helping partners accept differences

Term

 

 

 

 

Major Goals of Couple Therapy

Definition

 

 

 

1. Reduce anger and blame

2. Increase communication

3. Facilitate problem solving skills

Term

 

 

 

 

Diekurs

Definition

 

 

 

 

Opened child guidance clinics in 1952

Term

 

 

 

Murray Bowen

Definition

 

 

Saw families as systems, having well self-differentiation is key, detriangulation, emotional cutoff, projection process, societal emotional process, genograms

Term

 

 

 

 

Virginia Satir

Definition

 



Family members have roles and rules, self-esteem basis of family health, congruence--whether words accurately math feelings, 2 kinds of systems--hierarchal and organic & seed model, temperature taking

Term

 

 

 

 

Satir's Defensive Stances

Definition

 


1. Placating

2. Blaming

3. Distracter

4. Rational analyzer

Term

 

 

 

 

Carl Whitaker

Definition

 



"I no longer believe in individuals; rather, I think of scapegoats, sent out by their families-of-origin to do battle with their new spouse over whose family they will recreate." didn't believe in theories, focused on individual needs of family members, three phases: engagement, involvement, disentanglement
Term

 

 

 

 

Salvador Minuchin

Definition

 



Focus on the present, major dysfunctional family systems: disengagement & enmeshment, takes sides, intensity, unbalancing, complementarity, restatement

Term

 

 

 

 

Learning

Definition

 

 

 

 

A relatively permanent change in behavior due to experience

Term

 

 

 

 

Behaviorism

Definition

 

 

 

 

Emphasizes study of observable behavior and the role of the environment as a determinant of behavior

Term

 

 

 

 

Conditioning

Definition




The association between environmental stimuli and responses to the organism's responses

Term

 

 

 

 

Classical conditioning

Definition

 

 

 

The process by which a previously neutral stimulus elicits a response through association with a stimulus that already elicits a simular response

Term

 

 

 

 

Higher order conditioning

Definition

 

 

 

A previously neutral stimulus with new reinforcing qualities, can condition another neutral stimulus

(ex. paystub and money)

Term

 

 

 

 

Stimulus discrimination

Definition

 

 

 

 

Learn to inhibit responses from a similar stimuli (ex. dog only responding to owner's whistle)

Term

 

 

 

 

Response generalization

Definition

 

 

 

 

 

Emit range of similar responses to one stimulus (ex. party)

Term

 

 

 

 

Extinction

Definition

 

 

 

A non-reinforced response results in the weakening and eventual disappearance of the response

Term

 

 

 

 

Habituation

Definition

 

 

 


Repeated exposure results in no response

Term

 

 

 

 

Spontaneous recovery

Definition

 

 

 

 

After a period of time has passed after extinction, a relapse may occur which shows that the organism has not unlearned the response

Term

 

 

 

 

Thorndike's Law of Effect

Definition

 


 

Behavior that is followed by a satisfying state of affairs is likely to be repeated

Term

 

 

 

 

Reinforcement

Definition

 

 

 


A stimulus that follows a response strengthens the response or increases the probability of the response

Term

 

 

 

 

Extrinsic Reinforcers

Definition

 

 

 


Reinforcers that are not inherently related to the activity being reinforced

Term

 

 

 

 

Intrinsic Reinforcers

Definition

 

 

 

 

Reinforcers that are inherently related to the activity being reinforced

Term

 


Exposure therapies use principles of:

Definition

 

 

 

1. Extinction

2. Prevention of escape or avoidance

3. Reciprocal inhibition

Term

 

 

 

 

Systemic desensitization

Definition

 

 

 

 

Pairing of an anxiety provoking stimulus with a relaxation response. Idea is that you can't be scared and relaxed at the same time

Term

 

 

 

 

Francine Shapiro

Definition

 

 

 

 

Developed eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR)

Term

 

 

 

 

Flooding

Definition

 

 


Massive exposure to fear stimulus with no escape.

Wolpe demonstrated this by locking patient with a car phobia in a car and driving her around until her fear was gone.

Term

 

 

 

 

Covert sensitization

Definition

 

 

 


Imagined punishment

Term

 

 

 

 

Most commonly used illicit drug

Definition

 

 

 

 

Marijuana

Term

 

 

 

 

Binge drinking/Heavy drinking

Definition



Men--5 or more drinks
Women--4 or more drinks


5 or more binge episodes in past month

Term

 

 

 


# of new drug initiates a day

Definition

 

 

 

 

 

8,000

Term

 

 

 

 

Dependence

Definition

Continued substance use despite knowledge of having a persistent or recurrent psychological or physical problem caused or exacerbated by use. Manifested by three or more of the following at any time in a year:

Tolerance

Withdrawal

Difficulty controlling use

Neglecting or postponing activities

Spending time getting/using/hiding drug use

Inability to quit

Experiencing negative consequences and can't stop

Term

 

 

 

 

Abuse

Definition
  • Continued use despite social or interpersonal problems
  • Repeated use resulting in failure to fulfill obligations at work, school, or home
  • Repeated use resulting in physically hazardous situations
  • Use resulting in legal problems
Term

 

 

 

 

Medications that help with withdrawal

Definition

 


Agitation and anxiety-- benzos (xanax)

Sleep-- antidepressants (trazodone & remeron)

Sleep & hypomania-- antipsychotic (seroquel) & anti sezuire (clonidine)

Term

 

 

 

 

Primary, secondary, tertiary gain

Definition

 

 

Primary: Anxiety that converts to physical problem (ex. conversion disorder)

Secondary: sympathy, getting out of school or work, etc.

Tertiary: pleasing the doctor by being unusual case, giving them extra money, etc.

Term

 

 

 

Munchausen syndrome & Munchausen syndrome by proxy

Definition




Pretending to cause illness or intentionally causing harm to oneself to fulfill deep emotional needs


By proxy: making child sick

Term

 

 

 

 

Antidepressants

Definition

Tricyclics (TCA's)-- older & cheaper, can also work for OCD, ADHD, enuresis and pain

Monoanine oxidase inhibitors (MAOI's)-- older & rarely used, have to avoid foods such as meet, cheese, beer and wine which can elevate blood pressure

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI's)-- Zoloft, paxil, prozac, celexa, lexapro. Minor side effects

Selective serotonin/norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SSNRI's)-- trazodone, remeron, cymbalta. Zyban is the same as wellbutrin but marketed for cigarette cessation

Term

 

 

 

 

Anxiolytics

Definition

 

 


Benzos include valium, xanax, ativan and klonopin. Also help with alcohol withdrawal. However they are not preferred anti anxiety medication because they're less effective and higher abuse rates than SSRIs.

Term

 

 

 

 

Antipsychotics

Definition



1st generation: haldol, prolixin (side effect-tardive dyskinesia) thorazine and mellaril (less side effects)

2nd generation: zyprexa and clozaril (reduces negative symptoms of psychosis)

3rd generation: risperdal, seroquel, geodon and abilify (few side effects)

Term

 

 

 

 

Bipolar disorder treatment

Definition

 



Lithium (mood stabilizer), anticonvulsants which increase GABA in the brain (related to seizures and works on inhibitory synapses)

Term

 

 

 

 

ADHD treatment

Definition




Amphetamines (concerta, adderall, dexedrine, focalin, strattera)

Term

 

 

 

 

Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT)

Definition


Electric currents are passed through brain triggering a brief seizure. Used for people with severe depression, psychosis, suicidal intent, refusal to eat, mania and schizophrenia. Side effects such as confusion, memory loss (may be desired effect) and physical issues such as nausea, headache or vomiting

Term

 

 

 

 

Methadone

Definition

 

 

 

 

Used for treatment of heroin abusers

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