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Final Exam Psy. 2000 Oreshnick
Flashcards for Final Exam
31
Psychology
Undergraduate 1
07/10/2015

Additional Psychology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
In the communication process, when the message sent equals the message received?
Definition
Shared Meaning
Term

Describe the components of “SOLER”

(non-verbal listening)

 

 

Definition
Squarely – Open – Lean – Eye Contact – Relaxed
Term

The Listening Cycle/Map


Attend + Acknowledge + ___?___ + Summarize + Ask

Definition
Invite
Term
The "E" in the acronym "SOLER" refers to what aspect of non-verbal listening behavior?
Definition
(maintain appropriate) Eye contact
Term

The most constructive intention when it comes to effective communication?

Definition
To understand and be understood
Term

It determines what information we “let in” and/or “screen out” in the communication (listening) process.

 

 

Definition
Psychological Filter
Term

Paraphrase – Reflect – Clarify – Summarize

 

 

Definition
Components of Active Listening
Term

The interpersonal and communication strategies people use to influence how others view them. Can be used to create different impressions or personas.

 

 

 

Definition
Identity (Impression) Management
Term
Displaying an appropriate balance of dependence and independence in a relationship, and prioritizing the "WEness" aspect (Gottman) of the relationship.
Definition
Interdependence
Term
The five components (areas) of the Awareness Wheel?
Definition
Sensations -- Thoughts -- Feelings -- Wants -- Actions
Term

According to the research on intimate (committed) relationships (e.g., marriage), the 4 negative behavior patterns that predict the demise of a relationship (e.g., divorce)? [When present, they are detrimental to a relationship.]

 

(Hint: a.k.a., the Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse.) 

Definition

1.  Criticism

2.  Contempt

3.  Defensiveness

4.  Stonewalling

Term
Brenda evaluates her friendship with Eva based on an assessment of its outcomes. Brenda compares what she is giving in the relationship to what she is receiving. Brenda decides that the costs in terms of what she is putting into the friendship far outweigh the benefits/rewards. Brenda therefore decides to no longer maintain her friendship with Eva. Brenda's decision is based primarily on what theory/perspective?
Definition
Social Exchange Theory
Term

[image]

The theory of intimate relationships diagramed above?

Definition
Social Learning Theory
Term
This perspective on how people evaluate their interpersonal relationships (and whether people stay in or end a particular relationship) was derived from an economics model.
Definition
Social Exchange Theory
Term
Wanda's criticizes her partner Seth in a judgmental way. Seth would rather that Wanda express her dissatisfactions using "I statements" to better express her feelings. He would also prefer that Wanda complain about specific behaviors which she wants him to change, rather than being judgmental about his character. Which "horseman" is Wanda displaying and Seth offering the antidote(s)?
Definition
Criticism
Term
Eric and Faith begin to show disrespect and disdain toward each other in their relationship. The both make disparaging remarks and have an attitude of superiority in reference to one another. Both engage in sarcasm, mockery, sneering, and hostile humor. The antidote(s) would be to demonstrate mutual respect, and foster a culture of fondness and appreciation. Which of the 4 Horsemen does this example illustrate?
Definition
Contempt
Term
When Phil and Claire disagree, Phil typically withdraws from the conversation without resolving anything, and essentially disengages from Claire (emotionally and physically). Claire suggests that Phil take a 20-minute timeout (to calm down) and requests that they continue their conversation afterwards. Phil and Claire are addressing which of the 4 Horsemen?
Definition
Stonewalling
Term
During an argument, Tim and Theresa stick up for their respective selves through righteous indignation, both playing the victim and blaming the other. They'd be better off accepting responsibility for their respective contribution to the problem that led to the argument. Which of the 4 Horsemen are Tim and Theresa grappling with?
Definition
Defensiveness
Term
During a disagreement, Milly is negative towards Martin (her partner) as she yells at him and is uncomplimentary. In response, Martin yells back even louder and more forcefully, and is even more uncomplimentary (back) towards Milly. What concept does this demonstrate (other than perhaps one of the four horsemen)?
Definition
Negative Reciprocity
Term
Jane is negative towards Mike (her partner) as she yells at him and is uncomplimentary. In response, Mike asks if he did something wrong and helps Jane get the interaction back on track, pulling out of what could have been an ongoing or worsening negative interaction. Jane and Mike DO NOT engage in _________, and are happy in their relationship, an example of a nondistressed couple.
Definition
Negative Reciprocity
Term

Negative reciprocity is characteristic of:

 

a. distressed (unhappy) couples/relationships

or

 b. nondistressed (happy) couples/relationships?

Definition
a. Distressed (unhappy) couples/relationships
Term

The theory of intimate relationships which specifies how a couple learns about the quality of their relationship based on the outcomes (positive/rewarding or negative/unrewarding) of their interpersonal interactions within the relationship.


(This also applies to how they communicate and/or deal with conflict).

Definition
Social Learning Theory
Term

The theory of intimate relationships in which individuals evaluate a relationship according to the outcomes based on the overall benefits and costs associated with the relationship.

 

Outcome(s) = Rewards – Costs

 

Definition
Social Exchange Theory
Term

The theory in which "social exchanges" focus on exchanges concerning the interpersonal interactions of a couple which include positive/negative (or neutral) verbal communications and positive/negative behaviors.


Social Exchange Theory or Social Learning Theory?

Definition
Social Learning Theory
Term

The theory in which "social exchanges" pertain to exchanges concerning general costs and benefits in a relationship.

 

Social Exchange Theory or Social Learning Theory?

Definition
Social Exchange Theory
Term

[image]

The 3 Stages of Relationship Development according to Mark Knapp's (2000) model, in order?


 

Definition


1. Coming Together → 2. Relational Maintenance →  3. Coming Apart

Term

Absence of these make for a "healthy relationship" feature…

 

 

Definition
Codependency and Enabling Behavior(s)
Term
The stage of Knapp's 3-Stage Model of Relationship Development that corresponds to growing intimacy and then beginning to grow/drift apart.
Definition
Relational Maintenance
Term

In Sternberg’s Triangular Theory of Love, the type of love consisting of all three dimensions (intimacy, passion, commitment)?

 

 

Definition
Consummate Love
Term

Dr. Gottman's most basic advice for making marriages (intimate relationships) work?

Definition
Don’t wait to improve your marriage (relationship), do it (enrich it) on a regular basis!
Term

5positive interactions : 1 negative interaction


For couples, it takes 5 or more positive interactions to undo the harmful impact of just 1 negative interaction.

 

Name this concept...

Definition
The Magic Ratio (Gottman)
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