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Final Exam Part 4
N/A
24
Anatomy
Undergraduate 2
05/15/2013

Additional Anatomy Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term

What is basal metabolic rate?  What factors affect BMR? (see p. 941)

 

-for the following information see pp. 945 - 947

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·         What structure is responsible for regulating body temperature?

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·         Distinguish between core and shell temperatures.

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·         What are the heat-promoting mechanisms?

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·         What are the heat-loss mechanisms?

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  • Describe glomerular filtration, tubular reabsorption, and tubular secretion.   Are these active or passive?  Where do these processes occur?
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  • Describe the different types of regulation over glomerular filtration rate (GFR), (see Figure 25.12)
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  • What are the functions of tubular reabsorption and tubular secretion?
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  • Describe the osmotic gradient of the medulla.
    • What is a countercurrent mechanism?
    • What are the countercurrent mechanisms in the medulla?  What are their roles?
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  • Describe the role of ADH in the formation of concentrated urine.
    • What are aquaporins?
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  • Define/describe micturition including the role of the internal urethral sphincter and the external urethral sphincter.
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  • Describe the movement of water among the fluid compartments of the body.
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  • Recognize normal sources of water gain and water loss.
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Recognize the distribution of sodium and potassium between the ICF and ECF
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  • How do water balance and electrolyte balance interact?
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  • What are the roles of antidiuretic hormone, aldosterone, and natriuretic peptides in water balance?
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  • What are hypernatremia, hyponatremia, hyperkalemia, hypokalemia, hypercalcemia, hypocalcemia.  How do they occur? What are there general consequences?  (see Table 26.1)
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  • What are the types of acidosis and alkalosis?  What are their causes and consequences?  (see Table 26.3)
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  • What are typical sources of acids in the body?
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  • What are buffer systems?
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  • Understand what chemical buffer system operate in the ECF, which in the ICF.
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  • Understand how the carbonic acid-bicarbonate buffer system works.  Be able to predict the effect increasing or decreasing CO2 and increasing or decreasing H+.
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  • Understand the phosphate buffer system and protein buffer system.
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  • Understand the role of the respiratory and urinary systems in maintaining acid-base balance.
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