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Final Exam
Medical Terminology
159
Medical
Undergraduate 3
04/16/2017

Additional Medical Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term

 

 

 

what is the name of the combining form that means white?

Definition

 

 

 

leuk/o

Term

 

 

 

prefix

Definition

 

 

 

The word part attached at the beginning of a word that usually, but not always, indicates location, time, number, or status.

 

Term

 

 

 

suffix

Definition

 

 

 

The word part attached at the end of a word that usually, but not always, indicates the procedure, condition, disorder, or disease.

 

Term

 

 

 

root word

Definition

 

 

 

The word parts that usually, but not always, indicate the part of the body involved.

 

 

Term

 

 

 

laceration

Definition

 

 

 

a torn, ragged wound

Term

 

 

 

rrhage

Definition

 

 

 

bleeding

Term

 

 

 

rrhaphy

Definition

 

 

 

surgical suturing

Term

 

 

 

rrhea

Definition

 

 

 

flow or discharge

Term

 

 

 

rrhexis

Definition

 

 

 

rupture

Term

 

 

 

-ostomy

Definition

 

 

 

surgical creation of an artificial opening

Term

 

 

 

myorrhexis

Definition

 

 

 

rupture of a muscle

Term

 

 

 

ilium

Definition

 

 

 

hip bone

(ili/o)

Term

 

 

 

body planes

Definition

vertical plane

sagittal plane

midsagittal plane

frontal plane

 

horizontal plane

transverse plane

Term

 

 

 

vertical plane

 

 

Definition

 

 

 

up-and-down plane that is at a right angle to the horizon.

 

Term

 

 

 

sagittal plane

Definition

 

 

 

vertical plane that divides the body into unequal left and right portions

 

 

Term

 

 

 

midsagittal plane

Definition

 

 

 

also known as the midline, is the sagittal plane that divides the body into equal left and right halves

 

 

Term

 

 

 

frontal plane

Definition

 

 

 

vertical plane that divides the body into anterior (front) and posterior (back) portions. Also known as the coronal plane, it is located at right angles to the sagittal plane

 

Term

 

 

 

horizontal plane

Definition

 

 

 

a flat, crosswise plane, such as the horizon.

 

 

Term

 

 

 

transverse plane

Definition

 

 

 

a horizontal plane that divides the body into superior (upper) and inferior (lower) portions.

 

 

Term

 

 

 

dysplasia

Definition

 

 

 

abnormal development or growth of cells, tissues, or organs

Term

 

 

 

adenomalacia

Definition

 

 

 

abnormal softening of a gland

Term

 

 

 

red bone marrow

Definition

 

 

 

plays an important role in the formation of blood cells, is located within spongy bone.

 

 

 

 

 

Term

 

 

 

yellow bone marrow

Definition

 

 

 

functions as a fat storage area; it is composed chiefly of fat cells and is located in the medullary cavity of long bones.

 

 

 

 

 

Term

 

 

 

arthroplasty

Definition

 

 

 

surgical repair or replacement of a joint

Term

 

 

 

arthrolysis

Definition

 

 

 

surgical procedure to reduce an ankylosed joint

Term

 

 

 

osteorrhaphy

Definition

 

 

 

suturing or wiring of bones together

Term

 

 

 

osteomyelitis

Definition

 

 

 

inflammation of the bone marrow and adjacent bone

Term

 

 

 

chondroplasty

Definition

 

 

 

surgical repair of damaged cartilage

Term

 

 

 

spina bifida

Definition

 

 

 

congenital defect where the spinal canal fails to close completely around the spinal cord

Term

 

 

 

costochondritis

Definition

 

 

 

inflammation of the cartilage that connects a rib to the sternum

Term

 

 

 

oblique

Definition

 

 

 

name of a muscle that is slanted or at an angle

Term

 

 

 

dorsiflexion

Definition

 

 

 

movement of the foot upwards towards the head

Term

 

 

 

smooth muscle

Definition

 

 

 

type of muscle that forms the walls of the bladder 

 

Term

 

 

 

ton/o

Definition

 

 

 

tension; tone; stretching

Term

 

 

 

carpal tunnel syndrome

Definition

 

 

 

condition in which there is an entrapment of the median nerve across the wrist

Term

 

 

 

torticollis

Definition
 
 
 
a stiff neck due to spasmodic contraction of the neck muscles that pull the head toward the affected side.
 
 
Term

 

 

 

capillaries

Definition

 

 

 

smallest blood vessels in the body

Term

 

 

 

bradycardia

Definition

 

 

 

abnormally slow resting heart rate

Term

 

 

 

systolic pressure

Definition

 

 

 

name of the highest pressure against the artery walls

Term

 

 

 

hemoglobin

Definition

 

 

 

iron-containing molecule on red blood cells (erythrocytes) that transports oxygen

Term

 

 

 

leukopenia

Definition

 

 

 

less than normal number of leukocytes in the blood

Term

 

 

 

plasma

Definition

 

 

 

part of the immune system that produces antibodies specific to each invading antigen

Term

 

 

 

myocardial infarction

Definition

 

 

 

medical term for heart attack

Term

 

 

 

septicemia

Definition

 

 

 

blood poisoning

Term

 

 

 

embolus

Definition

 

 

 

a moving clot in the blood

Term

 

 

 

crohn's disease

Definition

 

 

 

autoimmune condition that affects the digestive system

Term

 

 

 

immunodeficiency disorder

Definition

 

 

 

condition in which the immune system is weakened, reduced, or absent

Term

 

 

 

spleen

Definition

 

 

 

has a major hemolytic function, destroying old or damaged RBCs

Term

 

 

 

metastasize

Definition

 

 

 

describes cancer as it spreads

Term

 

 

 

-ectasis

Definition

 

 

 

stretch

Term

 

 

 

pharyngotomy

Definition

 

 

 

surgical incision into the pharynx

Term

 

 

 

cheyne-stokes respiration

Definition

 

 

 

irregular pattern of breathing characterized by alternating rapid or shallow respiration followed by slower respiration or apnea

 

 

Term

 

 

 

aphonia

Definition

 

 

 

inability to produce normal speech sounds

Term

 

 

 

oropharynx

Definition

 

 

 

Structure that functions to carry air and food

Term

 

 

 

Visceral pleura

Definition

 

 

 

Layer that is closest to the lung tissue

Term

 

 

 

Chronic bronchitis

Definition

 

 

 

Condition in which the airway becomes inflamed and thickened and there is an increase in the production and size of mucus-producing cells

Term

 

 

 

natural immunity

Definition

 

 

 

Immunity when a patient is exposed and recovers

Term

 

 

 

anthracosis

Definition

 

 

 

Condition known as black lung

Term

 

 

 

hiatal hernia

Definition

 

 

 

condition in which the stomach protrudes upwards into the chest through an opening in the diaphragm

Term

 

 

 

sigmoid colon

Definition

 

 

 

the last part of the colon, located proximal to the rectum

Term

 

 

 

ileum

Definition

 

 

 

last and longest portion of the small intestine

Term

 

 

 

volvulus

Definition

 

 

 

the intestine twists on itself and causes an obstruction

Term

 

 

 

proctopexy

Definition

 

 

 

surgical fixation of the rectum to an adjacent tissue or organ

Term

 

 

 

anastomosis

Definition

 

 

 

surgical connection between two hollow or tubular structures

Term

 

 

 

liver

Definition

 

 

 

structure which secretes bile

Term

 

 

 

bruxism

Definition

 

 

 

involuntary grinding or clenching of the teeth

Term

 

 

 

cholecystalgia

Definition

 

 

 

pain in the gallbladder

Term

 

 

 

Pyelonephritis

 

Definition

 

 

 

inflammation of both the renal pelvis and kidney

Term

 

 

 

nocturia

Definition

 

 

 

excessive urination at night

Term

 

 

 

Hyperproteinuria

 

 

Definition

 

 

 

high concentration of protein in the urine

Term

 

 

 

Epispadias

 

Definition

 

 

 

a congenital abnormality of the urethral opening

 

 

Term

 

 

 

nephrolithiasis

 

 

Definition

 

 

 

presence of stones in the kidney

Term

 

 

 

sciatic nerve

Definition

 

 

 

inflammation of this nerve can cause pain through the thigh or leg

Term

 

 

 

cerebrum

Definition

 

 

 

controls the highest level of thought

Term

 

 

 

parkinson's disease

Definition

 

 

 

condition in which there is a deficiency in dopamine

Term

 

 

 

brainstem

Definition

 

 

 

contains the medulla, midbrain, and pons

Term

 

 

 

convergence

Definition

 

 

 

simultaneous inward movement of the eyes

Term

 

 

 

eustachian tube

Definition

 

 

 

helps maintain atmospheric pressure in the ear

Term

 

 

 

fovea centralis

Definition

 

 

 

structure that allows for color vision

Term

 

 

 

Ménière’s disease

 

Definition

 

 

 

patient suffers from attacks of vertigo, fluctuating hearing loss, and ringing in the ears (tinnitus)

Term

 

 

 

myopia

(nearsightedness)

Definition

 

 

 

light focuses in front of the retina

Term

 

 

 

glaucoma

Definition

 

 

 

patient loses peripheral vision as a result of increase intraocular pressure

Term

 

 

 

dacry/o

Definition

 

 

 

tears or the glands which produce tears

Term

 

 

 

Otopyorrhea

Definition

 

 

 

Pus in the ear

Term

 

 

 

Ecchymosis

Definition

 

 

 

Medical term for bruise

Term

 

 

 

Pediculosis capitis

Definition

 

 

 

Infestation of head lice

Term

 

 

 

Melanocyte-stimulating

Definition

 

 

 

Hormone that increases pigmentation of the skin

Term

 

 

 

somatotropic hormone

 

Definition

 

 

 

known as growth hormone, regulates growth of bone, muscle and other body tissue.

Term

 

 

 

acromegaly

Definition

 

 

 

too much growth hormone is produced after puberty

Term

 

 

 

type 1 diabetes

Definition

 

 

 

autoimmune insulin deficiency which causes the destruction of pancreatic islet beta cells

Term

 

 

 

myxedema

Definition

 

 

 

extreme deficiency of thyroid secretion which results in periorbital and pretibial edema

Term

 

 

 

Testosterone

Definition

 

 

 

Hormone that stimulates the development of male secondary sexual characteristics

Term

 

 

 

wheal

Definition

 

 

 

a condition in which there is raised, red, itchy skin, and often appears as a result of an allergic reaction

Term

 

 

 

graves' disease

Definition

 

 

 

autoimmune disorder causing hyperthyroidism, and characterized by a goiter and exophthalmos

Term

 

 

 

pituitary gland

Definition

 

 

 

the master gland that controls the function of other endocrine glands

Term

 

 

 

fimbriae

Definition

 

 

 

finger like projections that cause the ovum to travel into the fallopian tubes 

Term

 

 

 

eclampsia

Definition

 

 

 

condition of pregnancy characterized by convulsions and sometimes coma

Term

 

 

 

amenorrhea

Definition

 

 

 

an abnormal absence of menstrual period for 3 months or more

Term

 

 

 

dysmenorrhea

Definition

 

 

 

difficult and painful monthly flow

Term

 

 

 

endocervicitis

Definition

 

 

 

inflammation of the cervix lining

Term

 

 

 

mastopexy

Definition

 

 

 

surgical procedure to affix sagging breasts in a more elevated position

Term

 

 

 

diastolic

Definition

 

 

 

low number in blood pressure

Term

 

 

 

pericardiocentesis

Definition

 

 

 

drawing fluid from the pericardial sac

Term

 

 

 

scabies

Definition

 

 

 

infestation of itchy mites

Term

 

 

 

malignant melanoma

Definition

 

 

 

melanocytes turn into this type of cancer

Term

 

 

 

genital warts

Definition

 

 

 

STD caused by HPV

Term

 

 

 

aneurysm

Definition

 

 

 

an abnormal balling of an artery

Term

 

 

 

quadriplegia

Definition

 

 

 

paralysis of all four extremities

Term

 

 

 

thrombus

Definition

 

 

 

a stationary blood clot

Term

 

 

 

type II diabetes

Definition

 

 

 

condition caused by insulin resistant disorder

Term

 

 

 

empyema

Definition

 

 

 

accumulation of pus in the pleural cavity

Term

 

 

 

lordosis

Definition

 

 

 

spine condition known as swayback

Term

 

 

 

multiparous

Definition

 

 

 

a woman who has given birth two or more times

Term

 

 

 

hallux valgus

Definition

 

 

 

term for bunion

Term

 

 

 

debridement

Definition

 

 

 

procedure for the removal of dirt, damaged tissue, and cellular debris

Term

 

 

 

iatrogenic illness

Definition

 

 

 

unfavorable response to a prescribed medical treatment

Term

 

 

 

placenta previa

Definition

 

 

 

abnormal implantation of the placenta in the lower portion of the uterus

Term

 

 

 

nosocomial infection

Definition

 

 

 

hospital acquired infection

Term

 

 

 

lumbago

Definition

 

 

 

low back pain

Term

 

 

presbycusis

 

 

 

 

Definition

 

 

 

hearing loss associated with the aging process

Term

 

 

 

psoriasis

Definition

 

 

 

characterized by red papules covered in silver scales on the knees, elbows, and sometimes the buttocks

Term

 

 

 

cataract

Definition

 

 

 

a loss of transparency of the lens of the eye

Term

 

 

 

avascular necrosis

Definition

 

 

 

death of a bone tissue

Term

 

 

 

juandice

Definition

 

 

 

condition in which there is a greater than normal amount of bilirubin in the blood

Term

 

 

 

malignant

Definition

 

 

 

spreading, progressively worse, and life threatening

Term

 

 

 

hemoptysis

Definition

 

 

 

spitting blood or blood-stained sputum

Term

 

 

 

cardiomegaly

Definition

 

 

 

enlargement of the heart

Term

 

 

 

hematemesis

 

Definition

 

 

 

vomiting blood

Term

 

 

 

periostitis

Definition

 

 

 

inflammation of tissue surrounding bone

Term

 

 

 

borborygmus

Definition

 

 

 

the sound made as air and fecal material move through the intestines

Term

 

 

 

arthrodesis

Definition

 

 

 

fusion of joint

Term

 

 

 

viral

Definition

 

 

 

study of viruses

Term

 

 

 

causalgia

Definition

 

 

 

persistent, severe burning pain that usually follows an injury to a sensory nerve

 

 

Term

 

 

 

blepharo

Definition

 

 

 

eyelid

Term

 

 

 

arachnoid

Definition

 

 

 

having to do with spiders

Term

 

 

 

-esthesia

Definition

 

 

 

sensation ; feeling

 

 

 

Term

 

 

 

hydrocephalus

Definition

 

 

 

condition in which excess cerebrospinal fluid accumulates within the ventricles of the brain.

 

 

Term

 

 

 

singultus

Definition

 

 

 

myoclonus of the diaphragm that causes the characteristic hiccup sound with each spasm.

 

Term

 

 

 

aniso

Definition

 

 

 

unequal

Term

 

 

 

syncope

Definition

 

 

 

the brief loss of consciousness caused by the decreased flow of blood to the brain.

 

 

Term

 

 

 

kerato

Definition

 

 

 

horny ; hard ; cornea

Term

 

 

 

adhesion

Definition

 

 

 

a band of fibrous tissue that holds structures together abnormally.

 

 

Term

 

 

 

verrucae

Definition

 

 

 

warts; small, hard skin lesions caused by the human papillomavirus.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Term

 

 

 

tinea

Definition

 

 

 

a fungal infection that can grow on the skin, hair, or nails; spreads out in a worm-like circle

 

Term

 

 

 

nevus

Definition

 

 

 

mole; a small, dark skin growth that develops from melanocytes in the skin; usually benign

 

Term

 

 

 

ventral

Definition

 

 

 

refers to the front, or belly side, of the organ or body; opposite of dorsal

 

Term

 

 

 

dorsal

Definition

 

 

 

the back of the organ or body; opposite of ventral

 

 

Term

 

 

 

anterior

Definition

 

 

 

situated in the front; opposite of posterior

Term

 

 

 

posterior

Definition

 

 

 

situated in the back; opposite of anterior

Term

 

 

 

superior

Definition

 

 

 

upward, above, or towards the head; opposite of inferior

Term

 

 

 

inferior

Definition

 

 

 

lowermost, below, or towards the feet; opposite of superior

Term

 

 

 

cephalic

Definition

 

 

 

toward the head; opposite of caudal

Term

 

 

 

caudal

Definition

 

 

 

toward the lower part of the body; opposite of cephalic

Term

 

 

 

proximal

Definition

 

 

 

situated nearest the midline or beginning of a body structure; opposite of distal

 

 

 

 

 

Term

 

 

 

distal

Definition

 

 

 

situated farthest from the midline or beginning of a body structure; opposite of proximal

 

 

Term

 

 

 

medial

Definition

 

 

 

toward, or nearer, the midline; opposite of lateral

 

Term

 

 

 

lateral

Definition

 

 

 

toward, or nearer, the side of the body, away from the midline; opposite of medial

 

 

Term

 

 

 

bilateral

Definition

 

 

relating to, or having, two sides

Term

 

 

 

cryptorchidism

Definition

 

 

 

undescended testicle

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