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Final Exam
N/A
59
Psychology
Undergraduate 1
12/08/2013

Additional Psychology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Psychology
Definition
the science of behavior and mental processes of an organism
Term
Hypothalamus
Definition
connects neural & hormonal systems
Term
Depressant
Definition
reduces neural activity and slows body functions
Term
Stimulant
Definition
excites neural activity and speeds up body functions
Term
Classical Conditioning
Definition
pairing of 2 stimuli
Term
Recall
Definition
retrieve information
Term
Recognition
Definition
identify information
Term
Chromosomes
Definition
threadlike structures
Term
DNA
Definition
complex molecules containing genes
Term
Genome
Definition
biochemical units of heredity
Term
Temperament
Definition
characteristic emotional reactivity and intensity
Term
Molecular Genetics
Definition
subfield of biology; studies molecular structure and function of genes
Term
Psychological Disorder
Definition
patterns of thoughts, feelings, or actions that are deviant, distressful, and dysfunctional
Term
Counterconditioning
Definition
form of behavior therapy that pairs a trigger stimulus w/ a new response
Term
Aversive therapy
Definition
therapy aimed at removing a HARMFUL stimulus by replacing a POSITIVE response with a NEGATIVE one
Term
Exposure therapy
Definition
therapy that is aimed at removing a HARMLESS stimulus by reaplcing a NEGATIVE response with a POSITIVE one
Term
Cognitive-behavior therapy
Definition
seeks to alter way people think and act
Term
Prototype
Definition
Mental image or best example of a category
Term
Algorithm
Definition
step-by-step proedures that guarantee a solution
Term
Insight
Definition
sudden realization of a problem's solution
Term
Heuristics
Definition
experience-based, error-prone "thinking shortcuts"
Term
Confirmation bias
Definition
search for supporting information and ignore contradictory evidence
Term
Overconfidence bias
Definition
just because it's never happened before doesn't mean it doesn't exist
Term
Framing bias
Definition
tendency for judgements to vary based on how the information is posed
Term
Belief Perserverance
Definition
tendency to cling to initial beliefs after the basis on which they were formed is discredited
Term
Intelligence
Definition
mental ability to learn from experience, solve problems, and use knowledge to adapt to new situations
Term
Facial feedback effect
Definition
activating facial muscles activates other reactions in your body
Term
Emotional Intelligence
Definition
ability to perceive, understand, manage, and use emotions
Term
Catharsis
Definition
emotional response
Term
Subjective well-being
Definition
self-perceived happiness or satisfaction
Term
Diminishing returns phenomenon
Definition
more and more of something will provide less utility
Term
Relative deprivation
Definition
perception that one is worse off than a comparable other
Term
Stress
Definition
the porcess of appraising and responding to a threatening or challenging event (stressor)
Term
Problem-focused coping
Definition
direct; change stressor or interaction with stressor
Term
Emotion-focused coping
Definition
indirect; avoid or ignore stressor and focus on eomional needs
Term
Attribution Theory
Definition
disposition vs. situation
Term
Fundamental Attribution Error
Definition
tendency to overestimate impact of disposition and underestimate impact of situation
Term
Foot-in-the-door Phenomenon
Definition
agreeing to a small request makes agreeing to a larger one more susceptible
Term
Cognitive Dissonance
Definition
tension experienced when an individual's actions and attitude do not coincide
Term
Conformity
Definition
an individual adjusts their behavior or thinking toward a group standard
Term
Normative Social Influence
Definition
an individual conforms to avoid rejection
Term
Informational Social Influence
Definition
an individual conforms to increase likelihood of being right
Term
Social Facilitation
Definition
doing better at a simple task and worse at a difficult task in the presence of others
Term
Social Loafing
Definition
giving less effort in a group task
Term
Deindividuation
Definition
a situation fosters anonymity and arousal and an individual loses self-awareness and restraint
Term
Group Polarization
Definition
enhancement of prevailing inclinations through discussion
Term
Bystander Effect
Definition
less likely to give aid if bystanders are present
Term
Reciprocity Norm
Definition
existing expectation that you will help those who help you
Term
Goals of True Experimentation
Definition
able to determine a cause
Term
Types of Neurons
Definition

1. Sensory Neurons

2. Motor Neurons

3. Interneurons

Term
Effects of Alcohol
Definition
Effects motor skills, judgement, memory, self-awareness and self-control
Term
Short-term memory
Definition
hold information before it is stored or forgotten
Term
Insight Therapies
Definition
psychoanalytic, psychodynamic, humanistic
Term
Two-factor Theory of Emotion
Definition
emotion is based on two factors: physiological arousal and cognitive label
Term
Emotional Contagion
Definition
susceptibility of humans to experience others emotions
Term
Stress
Definition
the process of appraising and responding to a threatneing or challenging event (stressor)
Term
Phases of Stress Response System
Definition

Phase 1: alarm reaction

Phase 2: resistance

Phase 3: exhaustion

Term
Effects of Exposure to Prolonged Stress
Definition
weakened immune system, susceptibility to illness
Term
Successful Coping with Stress
Definition
aerobic exercise, relaxation and meditation, faith communities
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