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Final Exam
Chapter 24
32
History
Undergraduate 2
12/04/2007

Additional History Flashcards

 


 

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Term
Totalitarianism
Definition
State characterized by government control over assential economic, social, political, cultural, and intellectual life. Subordination of individual to state insistence that masses be involved in regime's goals. Best exemplified by Stalin's Russia and Hitlers Germany. Used propaganda to to conquer subjects. Led by a single leader party. Rose in 1930's
Term

Fascism

 

Definition

Early 1920's

Mussolini bestowed Itlaly in first fascist movement. Exalts nation above the individual and calls for a centralized governement with a dictatorial leader, economic and social regimentation and forcible suppression of opposition.

Term
Benito Mussilini
Definition
Began his political career as a socialist, established Leasgue of combat (fascist group) in 1919, and established institutional Fascist dictatorship in 1926. Iron duce. Never achieved degree of totalitarian control as Hitler or Stalin.
Term
Hitler
Definition

Austrian, led Natzi Party. Munich politician from 1919-1923.

Made Chancellor in 1933. Became sole ruler of Germany in 1934. Appeals to national pride, honor and traditional militarism.

Term
Lebensraum
Definition
Living space. Extreamely German nationalism, anti Semitism and anticommunism are linked together by Darwin theory of struggle that stresses the right of superior nations to Lebensraum through expansion and he right of superior individuals to secure authoritarian leadership over the masses. (Ideals in Mien Kampf)
Term
Nationalist Socialist German Workers Party
Definition

German Nazi party with radical nationalist views.

Term
Aryan Race
Definition
German Nazi radical ideal, dominated Europe for years
Term
Anti Semitism
Definition
Hostilit/discrimination against the Jews
Term
Kistalnacht
Definition

November 9-10 1938

Night of Shattered Glass. Violent phase of anti jewish activity. Led drastic steps of violent Jewish activity

Term
Joseph Stalin and Collectivism
Definition

1934

Large farms in the Soviet Union by Stalinby combining many small holding into one large farm worked by the peasants under government supervision. Goal was to eliminate private farms. 26 million family farms turned into 250,000 collective farms 

Term
Stalinist purges
Definition

1936-1938

Under took a purge of army officers, diplomats, union officials, party members, intellectuals and ordinary citizens.

Term
Axis/Axis Powers
Definition
Germany, Italy, and Japan
Term
Sudetenland
Definition
Area in the Northwes Czechoslovakia that was inhabited largely by ethnic Germans. In 1915, Hitler demanded this region to Germany and expressed willingness to risk "world war" to achieve his objective. German troops were allowed to occupy the Sudetenland as the Czechs stool helplessly.
Term
Japanese "need for Immigration and expansion"
Definition
Japan consolidated their hold on Manchuria, began to expand into N. CHina. By 1939, Japan had conquered most of E. Asia
Term
Manchuria/Manchukuo
Definition

Japan seized Manchuria in 1931

Renamed it Machukuo and placed it under the former Chinese emperor, Pu Yi

Term
Greater East Asia CO-Prosperity Sphere
Definition
Created by Japan, consisted of entire region under Japanese tutelage and announced its intention to liberate the colonies of SE Asia from western rule.
Term
German Russion invasion of Poland
Definition
German attack on Poland, airplanes broke through Polish lines and encircled Polish troops. Poland surrendered within 4 weeks and on Sept. 28 1939, Germany and Soviet Union officially divided Poland between them.
Term
Invasion of France
Definition
May 10, Attacked france. Unexpected by French forces. Broke through weak French divisions and raced across N. France, splitting allied armies and trapping French trooops and entire British army on the beaches of Dunkirk. Germans occupoied 3/5 of france. Germany was now in control of Western and Central Europe
Term
Batlle of Britain
Definition
Geman air force launched major offensive against british air and naval forces. Brits fought back, rebuilt air strength and Germans lost battle. Invasion of Great Britian was postponed.
Term
Winston Churchill
Definition
Prime minister who believed destroying German communities would break civilian morale and bring victory. One of the leader of te Big Three of the Grand Alliance.
Term
Pearl Harbor
Definition

December 7, 1941

Japanese carrier surprise attack on Pearl Harbor in Hawaiin islands

Term
Fraklin D Roosevelt
Definition

U.S. President during WWII. Threatened to "quarentine" the aggressions after the Japanese military units bombed American Naval ship in China

Term
Battle of Midway
Definition

June 4, 1942

American carrier planes destroyed all 4 attacking Japanese aircraft carriers and established American naval superiority in the Pacific

Term
Defense of Stalingrad
Definition
Important turning point of WWII. Bloodiest battle in history. German siege on Stalingrad, Soviets counterattacked and captured German army. Germans surrendered Feb 2, 1943. Over 2 million casualties. Fall of Axis powers
Term
Final Solution
Definition
Annhilation of the Jewish people, Reinhard Heydrich, head of SS Security Service was given administrative responsibility
Term

Holocaust

Definition
Deliberate attempts to etxterminate Jews of Europe through emigrating Jews from Germany, concentrated Jews in ghettos in Polish cities, rounded up Jews in villages and buried them in mass graves. One million were killed during the executionin the graves, but was perceived as "inadequite". Nazis built death campsand were in operation by springof 1942. Germans killed between 5-6 million Jews, 3 million in death camps
Term
General Douglas McArthur
Definition
American general, commanded "island hopping" into China from Burma thorugh the Dutch East Indies. Furthered Allied offensive operations to Japanese held islands
Term
General Dwight D. Eisenhower
Definition

1944

American General, who landed five assault divisions on the beaches of Normandy. Histories greatest naval invasion. Broke through German defensive lines

Term
Normandy invasion
Definition

June 6, 1944

Histories greates naval invasion led b Eisenhower. Allied forces established beachhead. Within three months landed 2 million men and 1/2 million vehicles that pushed inland and broke through German defensive lines.

Term
Harry Truman
Definition
Succeeded Roosevelt after death. Used atomic bomb to bring war to an end. Called on Japan to surrender.
Term
Atomic Bomb
Definition

August 6, 1945 

Dropped in Hiroshima

Second bomb was dropped on Nagasaki. Japan surrendered on august 14.

Term
Big Three
Definition
Stalin, Roosevelt, and Churchill met at the capitol of Iran November 1943 to decide future course of War.
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