Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Final Exam Vocabulary Words
vocab words and definitions
50
History
7th Grade
05/23/2011

Additional History Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
judicial review
Definition
the Supreme Court's power to declare acts of Congress unconstitiutional
Term
impressment
Definition
forcing people to join the army; led to increased tensions between Great Britain and the U.S. in the early 1800s
Term
embargo
Definition
the banning of trade with a country
Term
War Hawks
Definition
members of Congress who wanted to declare war against Britain after the Battle of Tippecanoe
Term
Sacagawea
Definition
Shosone indian woman who, along with her French fur-trapper husband, accompanied and aided Lewis and Clark on the expedition.
Term
Oliver Hazard Perry
Definition
American naval captain who put together the fleet that defeated the British at the Battle of Lake Erie in the War of 1812.
Term
Andrew Jackson
Definition
Nicknames Old Hickory, he was an American hero of the Battle of New Orleans. As commander of the Tennessee milita, he defeated the Creek Indians, securing 23 million acres of land. His election as the seventh president of the United States marked an era of democracy called Jacksonian Democracy.
Term
American System
Definition
Henry Clay's plan for raising tariffs to pay for internal improvements such as better roaads and canals
Term
Battle of New Orleans
Definition
(1815) the greatest U.S. victory in the War of 1812; actually took place two weeks after a peace treaty had been signed ending the war
Term
cotton belt
Definition
a region stretching from South Carolina to east Texas where most U.S. cotton was produced during the mid-1800s
Term
cotton gin
Definition
a machine invented by Eli Whitney in 1793 to remove seeds from short-staple cotton; revolutionized the cotton industry
Term
Californios
Definition
Spanish colonists in California in the 1800s
Term
Cumberland Road
Definition
the first federal road project, construction of which began in 1815; ran from Cumberland, Marylnd, to present-day Wheeling, West Virginia
Term
empresarios
Definition
agents who were contracted by the Mexican republic to bring settlers to Texas in the early 1800s
Term
Erie Canal
Definition
the canal that runs from Albany to Buffalo, New York; completed in 1825
Term
Era of Good Feelings
Definition
a period of peace, pride, and progress for the United States from 1815 to 1825
Term
Embargo Act
Definition
a law that prohibited American merchants from trading with other countries
Term
folktale
Definition
a story that often provides a moral lesson
Term
factor
Definition
a crop broker who managed the trade between southern planters and their customers
Term
forty-niner
Definition
a gold-seeker who moved to California during the gold rush
Term
Hudson River School
Definition
a group of American artists in the mid-1800s whose paintings focused on the American landscape
Term
interchangeable parts
Definition
a process developed by Eli Whitney in the 1790s that called for making each part of a machine exactly the same
Term
Indian Territory
Definition
an area covering most of present-day Oklahoma to which most Native Americans in the Southeast were forced to move in the 1830s
Term
Jacksonian Democracy
Definition
an expansion of voting rights during the popular Andrew Jackson administration
Term
Kitchen Cabinet
Definition
President Andrew Jackson's group of informal advisers; so called because they often met in the White House kitchen
Term
Morse Code
Definition
a system developed by Alfred Lewis Vail for the telegraph that used a certain combination of dots and dashes to represent each letter of the alphabet
Term
mass production
Definition
the efficient production of large numbers of identical goods
Term
manifest destiny
Definition
a belief shared by many Americans in the mid-1800s that the United States should expand across the continent to the Pacific Ocean
Term
Mormon
Definition
a member of the Church of Jesus Christ Latter-day Saints; members of Joseph Smith's church
Term
mountain men
Definition
men hired by eastern companies to trap animals for fur in the Rocky Mountains and other western regions of the United States
Term
Missouri Compromise
Definition
(1820) an agreement proposed by Henry Clay that allowed Missouri to enter the Union as a slave state and Maine to enter as a free state and outlawed slavery in any territories or states north of 36o 30' latitude
Term
nullification crisis
Definition
a dispute led by John C. Calhoun that said that states could ignore federal laws if they believed those laws violated the Constitiution
Term
nominating conventions
Definition
a meeting at which a political party selects its presidential and vice presidential candidate; first held in the 1820s
Term
nationalism
Definition
a sense of pride and devotion to a nation
Term
popular sovereignty
Definition
the idea that political authority belongs to the people
Term
planter
Definition
a large-scale farmer who held more than 20 slaves
Term
prospect
Definition
to search for gold
Term
placer miner
Definition
a person who mines for gold by using pans or other devices to wash gold nuggets out of loose rock and gravel
Term
Panic of 1837
Definition
a financial crisis in the United States that led to an economic depression
Term
sectionalism
Definition
a devotion to the interests of one geographic region over the interests of the country as a whole
Term
secede
Definition
to formally withdraw from the Union
Term
spirituals
Definition
emotional Christian songs sung by enslaved people in the South that mixed African and European elements and usually expressed slaves' religious beliefs
Term
strike
Definition
the refusal of workers to perform their jobs until employers meet their demands
Term
spoils system
Definition
a politicians' practice of giving government jobs to his or her supporters
Term
telegraph
Definition
a machine perfected by Samuel F. B. Morse in 1832 that uses pulses of electric current to send messages across long distances through wires
Term
trade unions
Definition
workers' organizations that try to improve working conditions
Term
textile
Definition
cloth
Term
technology
Definition
the tools used to produce goods or to do work
Term
vaqueros
Definition
Mexican cowboys in the West who tended cattle and horses
Term
yeomen
Definition
owners of small farms
Supporting users have an ad free experience!