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Fertile Crescent: Chapter 2-1
Civilizations in Mesopotamia
30
History
6th Grade
09/20/2008

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Term
Define:  civilization

 

Definition
a culture with well-developed forms of government, religion, writing, and learning
Term
Define:  technology
Definition
using tools and skills to make a product or achieve a goal
Term
Define:  ziggurat
Definition
a large mud-brick religious temple
Term
Define:  government
Definition
an organized system that helps people make laws and decisions
Term
Define:  city-state
Definition

a town or a village and its

surrounding farmland

Term
Define:  monarchy
Definition

a government that was ruled by

a king or queen

 

(One person had complete authority.)

Term
Define:  authority
Definition

the right to command or

influence others

Term
Define:  surplus
Definition

extra supply

 

(When you have more than you need.)

Term
Define:  merchants
Definition

people who buy and sell things

to make money

Term
Define:  social classes
Definition

groups of people with

different levels of importance

Term
Define:  scribe
Definition
a person who could write
Term
Define:  innovations
Definition
new ways of doing things
Term

Why did the farmers in

Sumer use dikes?

Definition

to keep flooding rivers

within their banks

Term

What happened as a result of

surplus food in Sumer?

Definition
complex divison of labor developed
Term

What is the area between the

Tigris River and the Euphrates River?

Definition
Mesopotamia
Term
What did the Sumerians do to control the rivers?
Definition
They dug canals and built dikes.
Term
What were the 2 rivers in Sumer?
Definition
  1. Tigris River
  2. Euphrates River
Term
What kind of government did the city-states in Sumer have?
Definition
They had a monarchy.
Term
What was in the center of each city-state?
Definition
a large ziggurat
Term

How did most people in

Sumer make a living?

Definition
farming:  agriculture
Term
What was one of the first and most important innovation in Sumer?
Definition
wheel
Term

What was the system of writing that used wedge-shaped symbols

written on soft clay?

Definition
cuneiform
Term

Who were the members of the

upper class?

Definition
nobles:  kings, priests, and other leaders
Term

Who were the members of the

middle class?

Definition
  1. merchants
  2. craftworkers
  3. managers
Term

Who were the members of the

lower class?

Definition
  1. unskilled workers
  2. slaves
Term
Define:  famine
Definition
a time when there is so little food that many people starve
Term
Define:  urban
Definition
city areas
Term
define:  rural
Definition
countryside areas
Term
Who was Gilgamesh?
Definition
a legendary Sumerian King
Term
What is silt?
Definition
a mixture of good, fertile soil left behind after a flood
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