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Fertile Crescent
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30
Social Studies
6th Grade
02/12/2012

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Cards

Term
Before the rise of civilization people were nomadic. What does this mean?
Definition
They traveled from place to place hunting and gathering food.
Term
How was the behavior of nomadic people regulated
Definition
Through unwritten customs
Term
How did ancient people progress in their social organization?
Definition
Nomadic clans to tribes to villages to city-states to empires.
Term
The first civilizations developed near these two rivers.
Definition
Tigris and Euphrates
Term
Why did the first civilizations develop in river valleys?
Definition
Because annual flooding left silt on the surrounding land which enriched the soil.
Term
How did the first farmers cope with challenges posed by rivers?
Definition
They learned to control flooding and use irrigation systems
Term
what was the name of the area that gave birth to the first civilizations?
Definition
Mesopotamia
Term
What do all civilizations need to survive and grow?
Definition
Resources
Term
What was the first civilization of the ancient world?
Definition
Sumer
Term
What are the five key elements of civilization?
Definition
1)Centeralized Government
2) Organized religion
3) Arts, Architecture and public works
4) Job specialization and social classes
5) Writing
Term
What does polytheistic mean?
Definition
Believed in many gods and goddesses
Term
How did the Hebrews differ from the other ancient people?
Definition
Were monotheistic not polytheistic
Term
What was the most important religious duty of ancient citizens?
Definition
To keep their gods happy
Term
What were temples in the Fertile Crescent called?
Definition
Ziggurats
Term
What stood at the top of each Ziggurat?
Definition
A shrine to the chief god or goddess of the city.
Term
Why did ancient rulers build large palaces and temples?
Definition
To make the citizens believe in the power and strength of the rulers and gods
Term
What claim did ancient rulers justify their authority?
Definition
The will of the gods
Term
What does it mean when we say that rulers in the ancient world were hereditary leaders?
Definition
Leadership was passed down from father to son
Term
What caused conflicts among the first civilizations of the Fertile Crescent?
Definition
They competed to control land and water
Term
What developed as a result of the need to control the rivers, collect taxes, and build public works projects?
Definition
The first centralized governments in history
Term
list any three groups of people who developed in civilizations in the Fertile Crescent
Definition
Akkadians, Assyrians, Babylonians, Hebrews, Hittites, Medes, Persians, Phoenicians, and Sumerians
Term
What tasks did the first organized governments perform?
Definition
Write laws, collect taxes, provide food supply, and maintain defense
Term
Why were the first laws written?
Definition
To regulate the behavior of people who were now strangers to one in other cities
Term
In ancient world, who was specially trained to read and write?
Definition
A scribe
Term
What did ancient people invent to record grain harvests and keep accurate records of the seasons?
Definition
Writing
Term
How did ancient rulers use public works projects to ensure cities' food supplies?
Definition
Built irrigation systems, roads, and bridges and kept records of harvests
Term
How did ancient rulers use public works projects to provide the defense of the city?
Definition
Built walls around the city to protect it from attack
Term
How did cities chance the way people worked?
Definition
People specialized in jobs for the first time.
Term
Why were people able to specialize in jobs in early civilizations?
Definition
Surpluses in food meant that not everyone had to search for food
Term
Ranking people according to their jobs led to this
Definition
The development of the first social classes
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