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Embryonic origin of the male reproductive track including the epididymis, ductus deferens, and seminal vesicle
*also called the Wolffian duct
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Embryonic origin of the femal reproductive track including the uterus, cervix, and oviducts
*also called the Mullerian duct |
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| attaches the ovary to the uterus |
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| attaches the ovary to the pelvic wall |
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| One of the primary hormones of the ovary. They promote the maturation of sex organs as well as secondary sex characteristics. |
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Prepares and maintains the uterine lining for pregnancy.
Prepares mammary gland for lactation |
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| A mesothelium of the perotineal. Single layer of squamous-cuboidal cells surrounding the ovary. Possess microvilli and occasional cilia. |
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| Tunica Albuginea of the ovary |
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Definition
layer directly underneath the germinal epithelium consisting of dense connective tissue.
*Not to be confused with tunica albuginia of the testis and of the penis. |
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Definition
Located in the ovary. Frozen at prophase 1 in the ovary.
Stimulated at ovulation to complete meiosis 1, generating a secondary oocyte and first polar body |
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Definition
| Located in the oviduct after ovulation. Becomes arrested at metaphase II. |
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| Located in the oviduct after fertilization but before pronuclear fusion. Second meiotic division occurs |
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Definition
Cells surrounding the oocyte with an uncertain embryonic origin.
Each follicle (oocyte + follicular cells) are separated from the ovarian stroma by a basement membrane |
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Definition
The "resting stage" follicle lasting between 12-50 years.
Found beneath the tunica albuginea and have a simple squamous layer of follicular cells. |
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| Primary (pre-antral) follicle |
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Definition
First stage of follicular maturation during reproductive years.
Once follicular cells become cuboidal they are termed granulosa cells |
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Definition
| space between the oocyte and follicular cells. Secreted by the oocyte, rich in glycoproteins and is PAS positive staining (eosinophilic) |
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| sheath of stromal cells surrounding the basement membrane in the stroma of ovarian cortex. Subdivided into; theca interna and theca externa |
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| Inner, highly vascularized layer of the theca folliculi. Ovoid secretory cells secreted estrogen precursors (to later be converted to estrogen by the granulosa cells) |
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Definition
| Outer connective tissue layer of the theca folliculi consisting of smooth muscle and collagen fibers |
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| Secondary (antral) follicle |
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Definition
Defined by a fluid filled antrum and a diameter of 5-8mm.
Make up a "pool" of follicles from which one will be selected in each cycle |
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Definition
fluid filled space. fluid known as the liquor folliculi.
Grows and pushes the granulosa cells and oocyte off to one side. |
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Definition
| Thickened base of granulosa cells with the oocyte projecting into the antrum |
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Definition
granulosa cells immediately surrounding the oocyte.
Send cells processes through the zona pellucida to the oocyte |
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Definition
Stage of maturation within one reproductive cycle and marked by massive expansion in size (23mm at ovulation).
Triggered by surge in LH |
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| The remaining granulosa cells following ovulation. Becomes highly folded, basement membrane degenerates, and it acts as a temporary endocrine organ |
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Definition
what the granulosa cells become in the corpus luteum.
Become enlarged as they accumulate cholesterol.
Secrete predominantly progesterone |
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Definition
Cells of the corpus luteum that were once the theca interna.
Secrete primarily estrogen |
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Definition
| Structure of scar tissue left from the corpus luteum in the event that no pregnancy occurs (~12 days after ovulation) |
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Definition
A follicle that does not make it to maturity. Most follicles suffer this fate.
Granulosa cells have pyknotic nuclei and slough off into the antrum. |
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Definition
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
When Graafian follicles fail to rupture or atret and they accumulate in the ovary over ones life |
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Definition
extensive finger-like fringe of the infundibulum of the oviduct.
Continuous with the serosal mesothelium. |
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Definition
Most lateral part of the oviduct, a funnel shaped opening.
Mucosal folds are thicker than the muscularis |
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Definition
Longest portion of the oviduct and is also the site of fertilization.
Functions to nourish the oocyte and sperm.
Epithelial cells have become shorter/less ciliated, muscularis has become thicker |
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| Isthmus and Intramural portion of Oviduct |
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Definition
Function in transporting the zygote to the uterus.
Small lumen, short non-ciliated cells, thick muscularis |
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Definition
| when the oviduct does not function properly and the embryo implants outside the uterus. |
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| Division of the Uterine lining: |
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Definition
Endometrium (mucosal)
Myometrium (muscularis)
Perimetrium (serosa) |
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Term
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Definition
Simple columnar epithelium with occasional ciliated cells. Uterine glands traverse the layer
Stratum Functionalis: superficial layer that undergoes cyclical changes in uterine cycle. Highly vascularized with "spiral arteries".
Stratum Basalis: thinner deep portion maintained during mensturation, location of stem cells and nourished by "straight arteries". |
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Definition
Muscularis of the uterus with three loosely organized layers. Functions to protect and expel the fetus during pregnancy
Muscle fibers undergo hypertrophy and hyperplasia during pregnancy. |
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Definition
| branching of the arcuate artery (of the myometrium) that extends up into the stratum functionalis of the endometrium |
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Definition
| branching of the arcuate artery (of the myometrium) that extends up only into the stratum basalis of the endometrium |
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Definition
Day 5-15.
Under influence of estrogen secreted from ovarian follicle.
Stratum functionalis thickens by 5-7mm from epithelial cells in base of glands reconstituting the stratum functionalis |
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Definition
Day 16-28.
Under the influence of progesterone from the corpus luteum
Glands become thicker/spiral shaped and secrete glycogen rich fluid. |
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Definition
| Swelling of endometrial stromal cells and secretion of cytokines in preparation for implantation (during secretory phase) |
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Definition
Day 1-4.
Influenced by the decline of estrogen and progesterone (corpus luteum degenerates)
Spiral arteries contract and burst followed by sloughing off of the stratum functionalis |
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| lumen of the cervical canal opening into the uterus |
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| lumen of the cervical canal opening into the vagina |
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| side facing the internal os. Is continuous with the endometrium, simple columnar epithelium and mucous secreting cells |
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Definition
| deep crypts of the endocervix |
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Definition
softening
ripening
dilation
repair |
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Definition
softening
ripening
dilation
repair |
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Definition
paired mucous glands on either side of the vagina
-homologous to the bulbourethral gland of male |
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Definition
| form a network of tissue surrounding the urethra |
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