Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Feeding the Mare & Foal
Dr. Lowder
68
Veterinary Medicine
Professional
12/02/2011

Additional Veterinary Medicine Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
feces
Definition
- Fiber is poorly utilized and much of it is excreted in the ___.
Term
inversely
Definition
- Energy value of feedstuffs is ____ related to fiber content.
Term
2-6%;
16%
Definition
- Most rations contain ___% fat.
- Horses can handle up to __% of fat.
Term
high
Definition
- Added fat might be indicated for ____ performance horses and 'fitting rations'
Term
increase;
decrease
Definition
- If a horse is too thin, ___ energy intake; if too fat, ___ energy intake (or increase level of exercise!)
Term
1) Corn
2) Oats
3) Barley
4) Milo
5) Forage
Definition
- What are the 5 energy sources in horse feeds?
Term
1) Early pregnancy
2) Late pregnancy
3) Lactation
Definition
- What are the 3 stages of mare feeding?
Term
Early lactation
Definition
- Which of the 3 stages of mare feeding does the mare require the most calorie requirements?
Term
1) Cycle earlier in the year.
2) Require fewer cycles per conception.
3) Have a higher pregnancy rate.
4) Are more likely to maintain pregnancies than thin mares.
Definition
- Mares maintained in moderate to fleshy condition have what 4 advantages over poorly conditioned mares?
Term
1) Along the neck
2) Along the withers
3) Crease down back
4) Tailhead
5) Ribs
6) Behind the shoulder
Definition
- What 6 areas do you look at on a horse when determining the body condition score?
Term
45 lbs
Definition
- One unit of BCS = how many lbs?
Term
5.5-7.0
Definition
- Optimum body condition of broodmares is ___ to ___ on a 1-9 scale.
Term
Early Gestation (1st 7 months)
Definition
- Stage of feeding in a mare where requirements are like maintenance.
- Forage should be prominent component of ration.
- Balance ration still important.
- AVOID OVERFEEDING!
Term
Provide free-choice loose mineral and a salt block.
Definition
- How should you meet the mineral requirements of a mare in early gestation?
Term
concentrate
Definition
- During early gestation, mares in poor body condition may require ____ feeding.
Term
0.5-0.75%
Definition
- For early gestation, you should provide mares with a poor body condition quality concentrate feed at ___% BW.
Term
1) Pasture/Hay + Mineral & Salt
2) Pasture/Hay + Balanced Concentrate Feed + Mineral & Salt
Definition
- What are the 2 feeding options for mares during early gestation?
Term
5-7;
6-7
Definition
- For early gestation, must maintain the body condition of the mare between ___, preferably ___ on a 1-9 scale.
Term
TRUE
Definition
- True or False: The fetal growth in the horse is not linear.
Term
~20%;
<2%
Definition
- At 7 months of pregnancy the fetus is __% birth weight and ___% of mare's weight.
Term
3-4
Definition
- The last ___ months of pregnancy is critical for trace mineral storage in fetal liver (zinc, manganese, iron, copper).
Term
increased;
~30 ppm
Definition
- Supplementation of copper in mares in last trimester ____ liver copper in foals by ___ ppm.
Term
NO
Definition
- Does supplementation of copper of neonatal foals have effect on liver copper?
Term
1
Definition
- When a pregnant mare is at months 8-11, the unborn foal is growing at __ lb/day.
Term
15%
Definition
- In pregnant mares (months 8-11), energy requirements are about ___% greater than early pregnancy.
Term
protein and mineral
Definition
- For pregnant mares (months 8-11), forage may maintain body condition, but will NOT meet ___ and ____ requirements, so need concentrate supplement which is critical for foal growth and development.
Term
Late Gestation
Definition
- Period of rapid foal growth, placing big demands on mare.
Term
1) Protein
2) Vitamins
3) Minerals
Definition
- During late gestation you must supplement the mare with what 3 things even if the pasture or hay maintains body condition?
Term
24 lbs/day (3 gallons)
Definition
- Mares produce an average of __ lbs/day (__ gallons) during a 5-month lactation.
- Higher during 1st month and slow decline after 1 month.
Term
1) Energy
2) protein
3) Calcium
4) Phosphorus
5) Vitamin A
6) Water
Definition
- A mare in early lactation requires up to 2x the amount of what 6 things?
Term
2.5-3.0%
Definition
- Lactating mares need to consume ___% of BW in total feed per day.
Term
70:30;
50:50
Definition
- For lactating mares, amount and type of concentrate will depend on quality of forage:
1) Alfalfa hay = __:__ hay:concentrate
2) lower quality = __:__ hay:concentrate
Term
50:50
Definition
- The __:__ ratio of forage to concentrate is typical in early lactation to meet DE needs.
Term
fat
Definition
- Lactating mares also need ___-supplemented rations (higher caloric density).
Term
Mare Reproductive Loss Syndrome (MRLS)
Definition
- Syndrome observed in central KY (2001) characterized by 2 disease entities:
1) Early Fetal Loss (EFL)
2) Late Fetal Loss (LFL)
- Also seen: pericarditis and severe unilateral uveitis.
Term
Eastern Tent Caterpillar;
Ingestion
Definition
- What causes MRLS and what is the route of transmission?
Term
EFL
Definition
- Disease entity of MRLS: 35-100d bred.
- Clinical signs:
1) asymptomatic
2) Occasionally mild vaginal discharge.
3) Dx via ultrasound, placentitis.
Term
LFL
Definition
- Disease entity of MRLS: last trimester.
- Clinical Signs:
1) Aborted fetus.
2) Weak foal, usually death soon after birth.
Term
1) Bacillus thuringiensus based sprays.
2) Black or wild cherry tree elimination.
3) Band other trees.
4) Permethrin grass treatments.
Definition
- What are 4 ways to prevent and control MRLS?
Term
Lactating Mares
Definition
- For this phase of feeding for a mare you should supplement hay or pasture with nutrient dense, balanced concentrate to provide energy, protein, vitamins and minerals.
- Also maintain body condition 5-7 (critical if re-breeding).
Term
10%;
60%
Definition
- At birth, the foal is __% of mature weight and __% of mature height.
Term
50%;
80%
Definition
- At 6 months, the foal is __% of mature weight, and __% of mature height.
Term
increase
Definition
- As a horse grows, its calories needs ___.
Term
3
Definition
- Peak milk production is prior to __ months.
Term
3-4
Definition
- Energy and nutrient deficits in the foal occur by ___ months if milk is the only source.
Term
90
Definition
- Foals need supplemental feed by __ days of age.
Term
cribber
Definition
- Creep feeding foals may increase the chance of a horse becoming a ____ and that develops other stable vices.
Term
Cribber
Definition
- Horse that will suck or bite on the wood. Will stop eating as much b/c filling their stomach full of air and feel like they are not hungry anymore. Also wears their teeth down. Believed to be genetically pre-disposed to this behavior.
Term
Fescue Toxicosis
Definition
- Condition very common in SE and NW USA.
- Due to Festuca arudinacea, which is cool season, perennial grass.
Term
Neotyphodium coenophialum
Definition
- More than 1/2 of all Fescue grass shown to be infected with endophytic fungus _______.
- Produces ergopeptine alkaloids - ergovaline - D2 agonist.
Term
Fescue Toxicosis
Definition
- Causes agalactia or hypogalactia.
- Low prolactin levels -Dopamine involved in reduction of prolactin production.
- Decreased thyroxine, progestogens, relaxin5.
- Thickened placenta/premature separation, dystocia, prolonged gestation.
Term
1) ID fungus from samples via microscope.
2) ELISA for ergopeptines.
3) Lack of mammary development at appropriate time or prolonged gestation.
4) History
Definition
- What are 4 ways to diagnosis Fescue Toxicosis?
Term
Removal by 300 d., fed in stall or on dry lot w/ high quality hay (preferrably legume).
Definition
- How do you control fescue toxicosis?
Term
1) Close monitoring (higher risk foaling)
2) Doperidone - D2 antagonist - counters hormonal effects of ergovaline.
3) 1.1 mg/kg PO SID 30 days before foaling.
Definition
- What is the treatment for fescue toxicosis?
Term
Individual supplemental feeding
Definition
- Which type of feeding is better for the foal: Group feeding or individual supplemental feeding?
Term
1 lb balanced grain mix per month of age per day.
Definition
- How much do you supplement a nursing foal?
Term
Developmental Orthorpedic Disease (DOD)
Definition
- Disease where you see physitis, osteochondrosis, osteocondritis dissecans, acquired flexural deformity, and angular limb deformity.
Term
1) Nutrition
2) Genetics
3) Injury
4) Environment (mechanical stress, lack of exercise)
5) Combinations
Definition
- What are 5 causes of DOD?
Term
faster;
over ("fat")
Definition
- Studies in Central Kentucky suggest that Osteochondrosis in thoroughbreds have a higher incidence in ____ growing weanlings and in ___-conditioned weanlings.
Term
~5%
Definition
- What is the percentage of prevalence of osteocondrosis in thoroughbreds even on best managed farms?
Term
Supplement good quality hay with nutrient dense, balanced concentrate.
Definition
- What should you feed a foal?
Term
1.5:1 to 2.5:1
Definition
- What is the Ca:P ratio range for a foal?
Term
High roughage diets
Definition
- These diets contain poor quality hay.
- Also contain inadequate protein, minerals, and vitamins.
Term
High grain, low roughage diets
Definition
- These diets contain excess energy and low Ca:P ratio.
Term
skeletal
Definition
- Risk poor ____ development in the foal due to inadequate protein and minerals.
Term
1) Slow the growth rate by cutting calories, but not essential nutrients.
2) Restrict exercise until problem resolves.
Definition
- When a foal is rapidly growing and develops signs of DOD, what are 2 things that should be done?
Term
conception
Definition
- Feeding for proper development of the foal begins at ___.
Term
gestation and lactation
Definition
- Body condition is important in mares throughout ____ and _____.
Supporting users have an ad free experience!