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FBS1: Anatomy
Anatomy
17
Medical
Graduate
09/04/2012

Additional Medical Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Anatomical Positions
Definition

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     A. Anterior (ventral) - Posterior (dorsal)

     B. Superior (cranial) - Inferior (caudal)

     C. Medial - Lateral

     D. External - Internal (outer to inner, even outer organ to inner)

     E. Superficial - Deep (skin layers)

     F. Proximal - Distal

     G. Palmar (volar) - Dorsal (specifically for the hand)

     H. Plantar - Dorsal (specifically for the feet)

Term
Planes and Sections
Definition

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    A. Median (through the midline)

     B. Longitudinal, Sagittal/ Parasagittal, Paramedian (parallel to midline plane)

     C. Frontal, Coronal (anterior and posterior)

     D. Transverse (cross section)

Term
Terms of Movement
Definition

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     A. Flexion - Extension (elbow bent and straight)

     B. Abduction - Adduction (ab move up and ad down)

     C. Supination - Pronation (back and stomach)

     D. Rotation (joints)

     E. Circumduction (whole circles with body part)

Term
Regional Anatomy 
Definition
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Term
Systems Covered in Each Region
Definition

     A. Surface Anatomy – palpation, dermatomes

     B. Osteology – bones, joints, ligaments

     C. Muscles – action (origin, insertion), innervation, blood supply

     D. Organs – if present

     E. Innervation – sensory, motor, autonomic

     F. Blood Supply – arteries, veins, lymphatics

     G. Clinical Considerations

Term
CNS and PNS Overview
Definition

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Central Nervous System (CNS)

  1. brain (12 cranial nerves)

  2. spinal cord

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

  1. spinal nerves (31 pairs)

  2. branches (rami)

      a. dorsal rami (back)

      b. ventral rami

          1. thorax

          2. abdomen

          3. extremities

Sensory Input

  1. Special sensation

  2. General sensation

Integration

Motor Output

  1. Voluntary motor

  2. Involuntary motor (autonomic)

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Term
Spinal Cord Cross Section
Definition
(anterior is facing slit of spinal cord center)
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(bigger picture)
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(zoomed in and backwards in comparison to first pic)
 
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Term
Afferents 
Definition

Definition: Conducting or conducted inward or toward something (for nerves, the central nervous system; for blood vessels, the organ supplied).

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Sensory Input (afferents)

  1. special senses

     a. vision

     b. hearing

     c. taste

     d. olfaction

  2. general senses

     a. pressure

     b. temperature

     c. pain

  3. pathways

     a. peripheral receptors

     b. one axon from receptor to CNS

     c. cell bodies in dorsal root ganglion

     d. enter CNS through cranial nerves or dorsal roots of spinal cord

Term
Efferents
Definition

Definition: Conducted or conducting outward or away from something (for nerves, the central nervous system; for blood vessels, the organ supplied).

[image]

1. voluntary motor - skeletal muscle

  a. one axon from CNS to target site

  b. exits CNS through cranial nerves or ventral roots of spinal cord

2. involuntary (autonomic) - smooth and cardiac muscle

  a. usually two axon chain from CNS to target site (ganglion)

  b. exits CNS through cranial nerves or ventral roots of spinal cord

  c. two subdivisions

     1. parasympathetic (cranial – sacral)

        a. arise from brain stem and sacral region

        b. long preganglionic / short postganglionic

     2. sympathetic (thoracic – lumbar)

        a. arise from thoracic and lumbar region.

        b. short preganglionic / long postganglionic

Pregang from CNS and postgang from PNS [image]

Term
Parasympathetic Nervous System
Definition

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SLUDD (salivation, lacrimation, urination, digestion and defecation)

Term
Sympathetic Nervous System
Definition

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Term
Spinal Ganglia
Definition
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Term
Spinal Nerves
Definition

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Term
[image]
Definition

ANSWER:

 

Term
Radioluscent-Radiodense Imaging
Definition

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Posterior-Anterior View (PA)

 

The X-ray beam enters the patient from posterior to anterior.

 

This means the anterior structures are normal size while the posterior structures are magnified.

Term
Computer Tomography (CT) Radiography
Definition

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Term
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Definition
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