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Facial anatomy
nerves, muscles and bones of the head, neck and face
103
Anatomy
Not Applicable
01/18/2009

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Term
Anatomy
Definition
The study of the structures of the human body that can be seen with the naked eye, and what they are made of; science of the structures of organisms or of their parts
Term
Nucleus
Definition
found in the center of the cell.  It plays an important role in cell reproduction and metabolism.
Term
Mitosis
Definition
the process where most cells reproduce by dividing into two identical cells called daughter cells.
Term
Liver
Definition
Removes toxic products of digestion
Term
Skeletal system
Definition
physical foundation of the body
Term
Primary function of the skeletal system are to:
Definition

protect various internal structures and organs

help produce both white and red blood cells (one of the functions of bone marrow)

store most of the body's calcium, phosphorus, magnesium and sodium

Term
Joint
Definition
is the connection between two or more bones of the skeleton.
Term
Two types of joints
Definition

moveable - such as hips, elbows

immoveable

Term

Sphenoid bone

Definition
joins all the bones of the cranium together
Term
two zygomatic or malar bones
Definition
form the prominence of the cheeks or cheekbones
Term
Hyoid bone or "Adams apple"
Definition
a u shaped bone at the base of the tongue that support the tongue and its muscles
Term
Humerous
Definition
the upermost and largest bone of the arm, extending from the elbow to the shoulder
Term
A muscle has 3 parts
Definition
The insertion is the part of the muscle at the more moveable attachment to the skeleton.  Pressure in massaging is usually directed from the insertion to the origin.
Term
Frontalis
Definition
anterior (front) portion of the epicranium muscle of the scalp that raises the eyebrows, draws the scalp forward and causes wrinkles across the forehead.
Term
Three muscles of the ear
Definition
have no function (although some people can contract them to move the ears)
Term
Orbicularis occuli
Definition
ring muscle of the eye socket, closes the eye
Term
mentalis
Definition
muscle that elevates the lower lip and raises and wrinkles the skin of the chin.
Term
trapezius
Definition
muscle that covers the back of the neck and upper and middle region of the back; rotates and controls swinging movements of the arm
Term
Biceps
Definition
muscle producing the contour of the front and inner side of the upper arm
Term
Deltoid
Definition
large triangular muscle covering the shoulder joint that allows the arm to extend outward and to the side of the body.
Term
Flexor
Definition
extensor muscle of the wrist, involved in bending the wrist.
Term
Nervous System
Definition
is the exceptionally well organized sysyem that is responsible for coordinating all the many activities that are performed both inside and outside the body
Term
The principal components of the nervous system are:
Definition
Brain, sprinal cord and the nerves themselves
Term
Brain
Definition
the largest and most complex nerv tissue in the body.
Term
The brain controls
Definition
sensation, muscles, glandular activity, and the power to think and feel.
Term
The spinal cord
Definition
the portion of the central nervous system that orginates in the brain, extends down to the lower extremities of the trunk and is protected by the spinal column
Term
Neuron
Definition
or nerve cell, is the primary structural unit of the nervous system.  It is composed of a cell body and nucleus
Term
Dendrites
Definition
nerve fiber extending from the nerve cell that receives impulses from the other neurons
Term
Axon
Definition
sends impulses away from the cell body to other neurons, glands and muscles.
Term
The nervous system control what?
Definition
The 5 senses
Term
Sensory or afferent nerves
Definition
carry impulses or messaes from the sense organs to the brain where sensations of touch cold, heat, sight, taste, smell, pain and pressure are experienced.
Term
The largest of the cranial nerves, serves as the motor nerve of the muscles that control chewing
Definition
Fifth cranial nerve (5th) also known as the trifacial or trigemenial
Term
Affects the membrane of the skin of the nose
Definition
Infractrochlear nerve
Term
The chief motor nerve of the face.  Its divisions and their branches supply and control all the muscles of facial expression
Definition
Seventh cranial nerve (7th)
Term
spinal branch affects the muscles of the neck and back
Definition
eleventh cranial (accessory) nerve
Term
Buccal nerve
Definition
affects the muscles of the mouth
Term
Temporal nerve
Definition
Affects the muscles of the temple side of the forehead, eyebrow, eyelids and upper part of the cheeks
Term
Cervical nerve
Definition
originates at the spinal cord and their branches supply the muscles and scalp at the back of the head and neck
Term
Smaller (lessor) occipital nerve
Definition
located at the base of the skull, affects the scalp and muscles behind the ears.
Term
Digital nerve
Definition
sensory-motor nerve that with its branches, supplies the fingers
Term
Radial nerve
Definition
Sensory - motor  - supplies the thumb side of the arm and back of the hand
Term
Median nerve
Definition
supplies the arm and the hand
Term
Ulnar nerve
Definition
Affects the little finger side of the arm and the palm of the hand
Term
Lymph
Definition
is a yellowish fluid that circulates in the lymphatic system of the body. It carries waste and impurities away from the cells
Term
Circulatory sysyem consists of
Definition
Blood Vascular system and Lymph vascular system
Term
Heart
Definition
Is often referred to as the body's pump. It is a muscular, cone-shaped organ that keeps blood moving within the circulatory system
Term
The heart is how big?
Definition
the sixe of a closed fist
Term
The heart is regulated by what?
Definition
Vagus or tenth cranial nerve
Term
The interior of the heart contains what?
Definition
Four chambers and four valves
Term
The upper, thinned chambers of the heart are called
Definition
Right and Left atrium
Term
The lower thick-walled chambers are called?
Definition
Right and left ventricle
Term
Two systems attend to the circulation
Definition
Pulmonary circulation and systematic or general circulation
Term
Pulmonary circulation
Definition
sends the blood from the heart to the lungs to be purified
Term
Systemic circulation
Definition
carries the blood from the heart throughout the body and back to the heart
Term
Veins
Definition
thin walled blood vessals that are less elastic than arteries. They carry blood containing waste products from the various capillaries back to the heart
Term
Blood
Definition
is a nutritive fluid circulating through the circulatory system. It is bright red in the arteries(except the pulmonary artery) and dark red in the veins
Term
Blood performs the following critical functions
Definition
It causes water, oxygen, food and secretions to all cells of the body.
It carries away carbon dioxide and waste products to be eliminated through the lungs, skin, kidneys and large intestines.
It helps equalize the body's temperature, thus protecting the body from extreme heat or cold.
Term
The blood is composed of
Definition
red and white corpusles, platelets, plasma and hemoglobin.
Term
Red blood cells
Definition
also called red corpusles or erthrocytes are produced in the red bone marrow. They contain hemoglobin
Term
Hemoglobin
Definition
a complex iron protein that gives blood its bright red color.
Term
The function of the red blood cells is
Definition
to carry oxygen to the bodies cells
Term
White blood cells
Definition
are called whie corpusles or leukocytes, perform the function of destroying disease causing germs
Term
Platelets
Definition
or thrombocytes are much smaller than red blood cells. They contribute to the blood clotting process which stops bleeding
Term
The main function of plasma is
Definition
to carry food and secretions to the cells and to take carbon dioxide away
Term
the lymph vascular system acts as an aid to
Definition
blood system
Term
Primary function of the lymph vascular system
Definition
carry movement from the blood to the body cells
to remove waste material from the body cells
provide a suitable fluid environment for cells
Term
the common carotid artery are the main source of blood supplies to where?
Definition
head, neck and face
Term
The internal carotid artery
Definition
supplies blood to the brain, eyes, eyelids, forehead, nose and internal ear
Term
The facial artery or external maxillary supplies blood to
Definition
the lower region of the face, mouth and nose
Term
Submental artery
Definition
supplies blood to the chin and lower lip
Term
Inferior labial artery
Definition
supplies blood to the lower lip
Term
Angular artery
Definition
supplies blood to the side of the nose
Term
Superior labial artery
Definition
supplies blood to the upper lip and region of the nose
Term
The superficial temporal artery
Definition
some of the branches are; parietal artery and anterior auricular artery
Term
Parietal artery
Definition
supplies blood to the side and crown of the head
Term
Anterior auricular artery
Definition
supplies blood to the front part of the ear
Term
The blood returning to the heart from the head, face and neck flows on each side of the neck in two principal veins called
Definition
internal jugular and external jugular
Term
Endocrine system
Definition
is a group of specialized glands that affect the growth, development and sexual activity and health of the entire body.
Term
Glands
Definition
are specialized organs that remove certain elements from the blood to convert them into new compounds.
Term
There are two main types of glands
Definition
exocrine glands and endocrine glands
Term
Exocrine glands
Definition
or duct glands produce a substance that travels through small tube like ducts. Sweat and oil glands of the skin belong to the group
Term
Endocrine glands
Definition
or ductless glands release secretions called hormones directly in the bloodstream. Hormones such as insulin, adrenalin and estrogen
Term
The digestive system
Definition
also called the gastrointestinal system is responsible for changing foods into nutrients and waste.
Term
Digestive enzymes
Definition
are chemicals that change certain kinds of food into a form that can be used by the body.
Term
Excretory system
Definition
is responsible for purifying the body by eliminating waste matter.
Term
Kidneys excrete
Definition
urine
Term
Liver discharges
Definition
bile
Term
Large intestines eliminate
Definition
decomposed and undigested food
Term
The respiratory system
Definition
enables breathing (respiration) and consists of the lungs and air passages
Term
With each breath cycle
Definition
an exchange of gas takes place. During inhalation or breathing in, oxygen is absorbed into the blood. During exhalation or breathing outward, carbon dioxide is expelled from the lungs.
Term
The integumentary system is made up of
Definition
skin and its various accessory organs such as oil and sweat glands, sensory receptors, hair and nails
Term
Which muscle causes wrinkles across the forehead
Definition
Frontalis
Term
A function of the mentalis muscle is to
Definition
wrinkle your chin
Term
The infratrchlear nerve affects what area
Definition
the skin between the eyes and nose
Term
The cervical nerves affect what
Definition
D. the scalp at the back of the head and neck
Term
The vagus nerve is also known as the
Definition
c. tenth cranial nerve
Term
What best describes hemoglobin
Definition
c. complex iron protein
Term
Red blood cells contain
Definition
c. hemoglobin
Term
The facial artery supplies blood to where
Definition
lower region of the face
Term
The common carotid artery supply blood to
Definition
the head
Term
The internal carotid arteries supply blood to
Definition
the brain
Term
The superior labiel supply what
Definition
d. blood to the upper lip
Term
What does the inferior labiel artery supply
Definition
b. blood to the lower lip
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