Shared Flashcard Set

Details

FA Rapid Review Assoc.
First Aid
496
Medical
Professional
05/07/2015

Additional Medical Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
px: abdominal pain, ascites, hepatomegaly
Definition
dx: Budd-Chiari Syndrome (post hepatic venous thrombosis)
Term
px: Achilles tendon xanthoma
Definition
dx: familial hypercholesterolemia (dec. LDL receptor signaling)
Term
px: adrenal hemorrhage, hypotension, DIC
Definition
dx: Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome (meningococcemia)
Term
px: anterior drawer sign (+)
Definition
dx: anterior cruciate ligament injury
Term
px: arachnodacytyly, lens dislocation, aortic dissection, hyperflexible joints
Definition
dx: Marfan syndrome (fibrillin defect)
Term
px: athelete with polycythemia
Definition
dx: 2* to erythropoietin injection
Term
px: back pain, fever, night sweats, weight loss
Definition
dx: Pott disease (vertebral TB)
Term
px: bilateral hilar adenopathy, uveitis
Definition
dx: sarcoidosis (noncaseating granulomas)
Term
px: blue sclerae
Definition
dx: osteogenesis imperfecta (type I collagen defect)
Term
px: bluish line on gingiva
Definition
dx: Burton line (lead poisoning)
Term
px: bone pain, bone enlargement, arthritis
Definition
dx: Paget disease of bone (inc. osteoblastic and osteoclastic activity)
Term
px: bounding pulses, diastolic heart murmur, head bobbing
Definition
dx: aortic regurgitation
Term
px: butterfly rash and Raynaud phenomenon in young female
Definition
dx: Systemic lupus erythematosus
Term
px: cafe-au-lait spots, Lisch nodules (iris harmartoma), + (phemochromocytoma, optic gliomas)
Definition
dx: neurofibromatosis type I
Term
px: cafe-au-lait spots, polyostotic fibrous dysplasia, precocious puberty, multiple endocrine abnormalities
Definition
dx: McCune-Albright syndrome (mosaic G-protein signaling mutation)
Term
px: calf pseudohypertrophy
Definition
dx: muscular dystrophy (MC = Duchenne, X-linked recessive deletion of dystrophin gene)
Term
px: cherry red spot on macula
Definition
dx: Tay-Sachs (ganglioside accumulation) or Niemann-Pick (sphingomyelin accumulation) or central retinal artery occlusion
Term
px: chest pain on exertion
Definition
dx: angina (stable: with moderate exercise, unstable: with minimal exertion)
Term
px: chest pain, pericardial effusion/friction rub, persistent fever following MI
Definition
dx: Dressler syndrome (autoimmune-mediated post-MI fibrinous pericarditis, 1-12wk after acute episode)
Term
px: child uses arms to stand up from squat
Definition
dx: Gowers sign (Duchenne muscular dystrophy)
Term
px: child with fever later develops rash on face that spreads to body
Definition
dx: slapped cheeks (erythema infectiosum/fifth disease: parvovirus B19)
Term
px: chorea, dementia, caudate degeneration
Definition
dx: Huntington disease (autosomal dominant CAG repeat expansion)
Term
px: chronic excercise intoleracne with myaglia, fatigue, painful cramps, myoglobinuria
Definition
dx: McArdle disease (muscle glycogen phosphorylase deficiency)
Term
px: cold intolerance
Definition
dx: hypothyroidism
Term
px: conjugate lateral gaze palsy, horizontal diplopia
Definition
dx: internuclear ophthalmoplegia (damage to MLF; bilateral = MS, unilateral = stroke)
Term
px: continuous machine-like heart murmur
Definition
dx: PDA (close with indamethacin, open or maintain with misoprostol)
Term
px: cutaneous/dermal edema due to CT deposition
Definition
dx: myxedema (caused by hypothyroidism, Graves disease = pretibial)
Term
px: dark purple skin/mouth nodules in a pt with AIDS
Definition
dx: Kaposi sarcoma, assoc. w/ HHV8
Term
px: deep labored breathing/hyperventilation
Definition
dx: Kussmaul respirations (diabetic ketoacidosis)
Term
px: dermatitis, dementia, diarrhea
Definition
dx: Pellagra (niacin-Vitamin B3-deficiency)
Term
px: dilated cardiomyopathy, edema, alcoholism or malnutrition
Definition
dx: Wet beriberi (thiamine-Vitamin B1-deficiency)
Term
px: dog or cate bit resulting in infection
Definition
dx: Pasteurella multocida (cellulitis at inoculation site)
Term
px: dry eyes, dry mouth, arthritis
Definition
dx: Sjogren syndrome (autoimmune destruction of exocrine glands)
Term
px: dysphagia (esophageal webs), glossitis, iron deficiency anemia
Definition
dx: Plummer-Vinson Syndrome (may progress to esophageal SqCC)
Term
px: elastic skin, hypermobility of joints
Definition
dx: Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (type III collagen defect)
Term
px: enlarged/hard left supraclavicular node
Definition
dx: Virchow node (abdominal metastasis)
Term
px: erythroderma, lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly, atypical T cells
Definition
dx: Mycosis fungoides (cutaneous T cell lymphoma) or Sezary Syndrome (mycosis fungoides + malignant T cells in blood)
Term
px: facial muscle spasm upon tapping
Definition
dx: Chvostek sign (hypocalcemia)
Term
px: fat, female, forty, and fertile (flatulent)
Definition
dx: cholelithiasis (gallstones)
Term
px: fever, chills, HA, myalgia following abx treatment for syphilis
Definition
dx: Jarisch-Herxheimer rxn (rapid lysis of spirochetes results in toxin release)
Term
px: fever, cough, conjunctivitis, coryza, diffuse rash
Definition
dx: Measles
Term
px: fever, night sweats, weight loss
Definition
dx: B symptoms (staging) of lymphoma
Term
px: fibrous plaques in soft tissue of penis
Definition
dx: Peyronie disease (CT d/o)
Term
px: gout, intellectual disability, self-mutilating behavior in a boy
Definition
dx: Lesch-Nyhan syndrome (HGPRT deficiency, X-linked recessive)
Term
px: green-yellow rings around peripheral cornea
Definition
dx: Kayser-Fleischer rings (copper accumulation from Wilson disease)
Term
px: harmartomatous GI polyps, hyperpigmentation of mouth/feet/hands
Definition
dx: Peutz-Jeghers syndrome (inherited, benign polyposis can cause bowel obstruction, increase cancer risk - mainly GI)
Term
px: hepatosplenomegaly, osteoporosis, neurologic symptoms
Definition
dx: Gaucher disease (glucocerebrosidase deficiency)
Term
px: hereditary nephritis, sensorineural hearing loss, cataracts
Definition
dx: Alport syndrome (mutation in collagen IV)
Term
px: hyperphagia, hypersexuality, hyperorality, hyperdocility
Definition
dx: Kluver-Bucy syndrome (bilateral amygdala lesion)
Term
px: hyperreflexia, hypertonia, Babinski sign present
Definition
dx: UMN damage
Term
px: hyporeflexia, hypotonia, atrophy, fasciculations
Definition
dx: LMN damage
Term
px: hypoxemia, polycythemia, hypercapnia
Definition
dx: Blue bloater (chronic bronchitis - hyperpolasia of mucous cells)
Term
px: indurated/ulcerated genital lesion
Definition
dx:
Nonpainful - chancre (1* syphilis, Treponema pallidum)
Painful, w/ exudate - chancroid (Haemophilus ducreyi)
Term
px: infant with cleft lip/palate, microcephaly or holoproscencephaly, polydactyly, cutis aplasia
Definition
dx: Patau syndrome (trisomy 13)
Term
px: infant with failure to thrive, hepatosplenomegaly, and neurodegeneration
Definition
dx: Niemann-Pick disease (genetic sphingomyelinase deficiency)
Term
px: infant with hypoglycemia, failure to thrive, and hepatosplenomegaly
Definition
dx: Cori disease (debranching enzyme deficiency) or Von Gierke disease (glucose-6-phosphatase deficiency, more severe)
Term
px: infant with microcephaly, rocker-bottom feet, clenched hands, structural heart defect
Definition
dx: Edwards syndrome (trisomy 18)
Term
px: jaundice, palpable distended non-tender gallbladder
Definition
dx: Courvoisier sign (distal obstruction of biliary tree)
Term
px: large rash with bull's-eye appearance
Definition
dx: erythema chronicum migrans from Ixodes tick bite (Lyme disease: Borrelia)
Term
px: lucid interval after traumatic brain injury
Definition
dx: epidural hematoma (middle meningeal artery rupture)
Term
px: male child, recurrent infections, no mature B cells
Definition
dx: Bruton disease (X-linked agammaglobulinemia)
Term
px: mucosal bleeding and prolonged bleeding time
Definition
dx: Glanzmann thrombasthenia (defect in platelet aggregation due to lack of GpIIb/IIIa)
Term
px: muffled heart sounds, distended neck veins, hypotension
Definition
dx: Beck triad - cardiac tamponade
Term
px: multiple colon polyps, osteomas/soft tissue tumors, impacted/supernumerary teeth
Definition
dx: Gardner syndrome (subtype of FAP)
Term
px: myopathy (infantile hypertrophic cardiomyopathy), exercise intolerance
Definition
dx: Pompe disease (lysosomal alpha-1,4-glucosidase deficiency)
Term
px: neonate with arm paralysis following difficult birth
Definition
dx: Erb-Duchenne palsy (superior trunk [C5-C6] brachial plexus injury - waiter's tip)
Term
px: no lactation postpartum, absent menstruation, cold intolerance
Definition
dx: Sheehan syndrome (pituitary infarction)
Term
px: nystagmus, intention tremor, scanning speech, bilateral internuclear ophthalmoplegia
Definition
dx: multiple sclerosis
Term
px: oscillating slow/fast breathing
Definition
dx: Cheyne-Stokes respirations (central apnea in CHSF or inc. intracranial pressure)
Term
px: painful blue fingers/toes, hemolytic anemia
Definition
dx: cold agglutinin disease (autoimmune hemolytic anemia caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae, infectious mononucleusosis)
Term
px: painful/pale/cold fingers/toes
Definition
dx: Raynaud phenomenon (vasospasm in extremities)
Term
px: painful raised red lesions on paid of fingers/toes
Definition
dx: Osler nodes (infective endocarditis, due to immune complex deposition)
Term
px: painless erythematous lesions on palms and soles
Definition
dx: Janeway lesions (infective endocarditis, due to septic emboli/microabscesses)
Term
px: painless jaundice
Definition
dx: cancer of pancreatic head obstructing bile duct
Term
px: palpable purpura on buttocks/legs, joint pain, abdominal pain (child), hematuria
Definition
dx: Henoch-Schonlein purpura (IgA vasculitis affecting skin and kidneys)
Term
px: pancreatic, pituitary and parathyroid tumors
Definition
dx: MEN1 (autosomal dominant)
Term
px: periorbital and/or peripheral edema, proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, hypercholesterolemia
Definition
dx: nephrotic syndrome
Term
px: pink complexion, dyspnea, hyperventilation
Definition
dx: Pink puffer (emphysema - centracinar = smoking, panacinar = alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency)
Term
px: polyuria, renal tubular acidosis type II, growth failure, electrolyte imbalance, hypophosphatemic rickets
Definition
dx: Fanconi syndrome (proximal tubluar reabsorption defect)
Term
px: infant with hypoglycemia, failure to thrive, and hepatosplenomegaly
Definition
dx: Cori disease (debranching enzyme deficiency) or Von Gierke disease (glucose-6-phosphatase deficiency, more severe)
Term
px: infant with microcephaly, rocker-bottom feet, clenched hands, structural heart defect
Definition
dx: Edwards syndrome (trisomy 18)
Term
px: jaundice, palpable distended non-tender gallbladder
Definition
dx: Courvoisier sign (distal obstruction of biliary tree)
Term
px: large rash with bull's-eye appearance
Definition
dx: erythema chronicum migrans from Ixodes tick bite (Lyme disease: Borrelia)
Term
px: lucid interval after traumatic brain injury
Definition
dx: epidural hematoma (middle meningeal artery rupture)
Term
px: male child, recurrent infections, no mature B cells
Definition
dx: Bruton disease (X-linked agammaglobulinemia)
Term
px: mucosal bleeding and prolonged bleeding time
Definition
dx: Glanzmann thrombasthenia (defect in platelet aggregation due to lack of GpIIb/IIIa)
Term
px: muffled heart sounds, distended neck veins, hypotension
Definition
dx: Beck triad - cardiac tamponade
Term
px: multiple colon polyps, osteomas/soft tissue tumors, impacted/supernumerary teeth
Definition
dx: Gardner syndrome (subtype of FAP)
Term
px: myopathy (infantile hypertrophic cardiomyopathy), exercise intolerance
Definition
dx: Pompe disease (lysosomal alpha-1,4-glucosidase deficiency)
Term
px: neonate with arm paralysis following difficult birth
Definition
dx: Erb-Duchenne palsy (superior trunk [C5-C6] brachial plexus injury - waiter's tip)
Term
px: no lactation postpartum, absent menstruation, cold intolerance
Definition
dx: Sheehan syndrome (pituitary infarction)
Term
px: nystagmus, intention tremor, scanning speech, bilateral internuclear ophthalmoplegia
Definition
dx: multiple sclerosis
Term
px: oscillating slow/fast breathing
Definition
dx: Cheyne-Stokes respirations (central apnea in CHSF or inc. intracranial pressure)
Term
px: painful blue fingers/toes, hemolytic anemia
Definition
dx: cold agglutinin disease (autoimmune hemolytic anemia caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae, infectious mononucleusosis)
Term
px: painful/pale/cold fingers/toes
Definition
dx: Raynaud phenomenon (vasospasm in extremities)
Term
px: painful raised red lesions on paid of fingers/toes
Definition
dx: Osler nodes (infective endocarditis, due to immune complex deposition)
Term
px: painless erythematous lesions on palms and soles
Definition
dx: Janeway lesions (infective endocarditis, due to septic emboli/microabscesses)
Term
px: painless jaundice
Definition
dx: cancer of pancreatic head obstructing bile duct
Term
px: palpable purpura on buttocks/legs, joint pain, abdominal pain (child), hematuria
Definition
dx: Henoch-Schonlein purpura (IgA vasculitis affecting skin and kidneys)
Term
px: pancreatic, pituitary and parathyroid tumors
Definition
dx: MEN1 (autosomal dominant)
Term
px: periorbital and/or peripheral edema, proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, hypercholesterolemia
Definition
dx: nephrotic syndrome
Term
px: pink complexion, dyspnea, hyperventilation
Definition
dx: Pink puffer (emphysema - centracinar = smoking, panacinar = alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency)
Term
px: polyuria, renal tubular acidosis type II, growth failure, electrolyte imbalance, hypophosphatemic rickets
Definition
dx: Fanconi syndrome (proximal tubluar reabsorption defect)
Term
px: pruritic purple polygonal planar papules and plaques
Definition
dx: lichen planus
Term
px: ptosis, miosis, anhidrosis
Definition
dx: Horner syndrome (sympathetic chain lesion)
Term
px: pupil accomodates but does not react
Definition
dx: Argyll Robertson pupil (neurosyphilis, 3*)
Term
px: rapidly progressive leg weakness that ascends following GI or URT infection
Definition
dx: Guillain-Barre syndrome (acute autoimmune inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy)
Term
px: rash on palms and soles
Definition
dx: Coxsackie A, 2* syphilis, Rocky Mountain spotted fever
Term
px: recurrent colds, unusual eczema, high serum IgE
Definition
dx: Hyper-IgE syndrome (Job syndrome-neutrophil chemotaxis abnormality)
Term
px: red currant jelly sputum in alcoholic or diabetic pt
Definition
dx: Klebsiella pneumoniae
Term
px: red currant jelly stools
Definition
dx: acute mesenteric ischemia (adults), intussusception (infants)
Term
px: red itchy swollen rash of nipple/areola
Definition
dx: Paget disease of breast (sign of underlying neoplasm)
Term
px: red urine in morning, fragile RBCs
Definition
dx: paroxysmal nocturnal hematuria
Term
px: renal cell carcinoma (bilateral), hemangioblastomas, angiomatosis, pheochromocytoma
Definition
dx: von Hippel-Lindau disease (dominant tumor suppressor gene mutation)
Term
px: resting tremor, rigidity, akinesia, postrual instability
Definition
dx: Parkinson disease (nigrostriatal dopamine depletion)
Term
px: retinal hemorrhages with pale centers
Definition
dx: Roth spots (bacterial endocarditis)
Term
px: severe jaundice in neonate
Definition
dx: Crigler-Najjar syndrome (congenital unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia)
Term
px: severe RLQ pain with palpation of LLQ
Definition
dx: Rovsing sign (acute appendicitis)
Term
px: severe RLQ pain with rebound tenderness
Definition
dx: McBurney sign (acute appendicitis)
Term
px: short stature, increased incidence of tumors/leukemia, aplastic anemia
Definition
dx: Fanconi anemia (genetic loss of DNA cross-link repair; often progresses to AML)
Term
px: single palmar crease
Definition
dx: Down syndrome
Term
px: situs inversus, chronic sinusitis, bronchiectasis, infertility
Definition
dx: Kartagener syndrome (dynein arm defect affecting cilia)
Term
px: skin hyperpigmentation, hypotension, fatigue
Definition
dx: Addison disease (1* adrenocortical insufficiency causes inc. ACTH and inc. alpha-MSH production)
Term
px: slow progressive muscle weakness in boy
Definition
dx: Becker muscular dystrophy (X-linked missense mutation in dystrophic, less severe than Duchenne)
Term
px: small irregular red spots on buccal/lingual mucosa with blue-white centers
Definition
dx: Koplik spots (measles, rubeola virus)
Term
px: smooth flat moist painless white lesion on genitals
Definition
dx: condylomata lata (2* syphilis)
Term
px: splinter hemorrhages in fingernails
Definition
dx: bacterial endocarditis
Term
px: strawberry tongue
Definition
dx: Scarlet fever, Kawasaki disease, toxic shock syndrome
Term
px: streak ovaries, congenital heart disease, horseshoe kidney, cystic hygroma at birth, short stature, webbed neck, lymphedema
Definition
dx: Turner syndrome (45,XO)
Term
px: sudden swollen/painful big toe joint, tophi
Definition
dx: gout/podagra (hyperuricemia)
Term
px: swollen gums, mucosal bleeding, poor wound healing, petechiae
Definition
dx: Scurvy (vitamin C deficiency, can't hydroxylate proline/lysine for collagen synthesis)
Term
px: swollen hard painful finger joints
Definition
dx: osteoarthritis (osteophytes at PIP = Bouchard nodes, DIP = Heberden nodes)
Term
px: systolic ejection murmur (crescendo-decrescendo)
Definition
dx: aortic valve stenosis
Term
px: thyroid and parathyroid tumors, pheochromocytoma
Definition
dx: MEN2A (autosomal dominant, ret mutation)
Term
px: thyroid tumors, pheochromocytoma, ganglioneuromatosis
Definition
dx: MEN2B (autosomal dominant, ret mutation)
Term
px: toe extension/fanning upon plantar scarpe
Definition
dx: Babinski sign (UMN lesion)
Term
px: unilateral facial drooping involving forehead
Definition
dx: facial nerve injury (LMN CNVII palsy)
Term
px: urethritis, conjunctivitis, arthritis in male
Definition
dx: reactive arthritis assoc. w/ HLA-B27
Term
px: vascular birthmark (port-wine stain)
Definition
dx: hemangioma (benign, but assoc. w/ Sturge-Weber syndrome)
Term
px: vomiting blood following gastroesophageal lacerations
Definition
dx: Mallory-Weiss syndrome (alcoholic and bulimic patients)
Term
px: weight loss, diarrhea, arthritis, fever, adenopathy
Definition
dx: Whipple disease (Tropheryma whipplei)
Term
px: worst headache of my life
Definition
dx: subarachnoid hemorrhage
Term
lab: anticentromere antibodies
Definition
dx: scleroderma (CREST)
Term
lab: antidesmoglein (epithelial) antibodies
Definition
dx: pemphigus vulgaris (blistering)
Term
lab: anti-glomerular bastement membrane antibodies
Definition
dx: Goodpasture syndrome (glomerulonephritis and hemoptysis)
Term
lab: antihistone antibodies
Definition
dx: drug-induced SLE (hydralazine, INH, phenytoin, procainamide)
Term
lab: anti-IgG antibodies
Definition
dx: rheumatoid arthritis (systemic inflammation, joint pannus, boutonniere deformity)
Term
lab: antimitochondrial antibodies (AMAs)
Definition
dx: 1* biliary cirrhosis (female, cholestatis, portal HTN)
Term
lab: antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA)
Definition
dx: microscopic polyangiitis and Churg-Strauss syndrome (MPO-ANCA/p-ANCA); granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener, PR3-ANCA/c-ANCA)
Term
lab: antinuclear antibodies (ANAs: anti-Smith and anti-dsDNA)
Definition
dx: SLE (type III hypersensitivity)
Term
lab: antiplatelet antibodies
Definition
dx: idio thrombocytopenia purpura
Term
lab: anti-topoisomerase antibodies
Definition
dx: diffuse systemic scleroderma
Term
lab: anti-transglutaminase/anti-gliadin/anti-endomysial antibodies
Definition
dx: Celiac disease (diarrhea, distention, wt loss)
Term
lab: apple core lesion on abdominal x-ray
Definition
dx: colorectal cancer (usually left-sided)
Term
lab: azurophilic peroxidase (+) granular inclusions in granulocytes and myeloblasts
Definition
dx: Auer rods (AML, esp. the promyelocytic M3 type)
Term
lab: bacitracin response
Definition
dx:
Sensitive - S. pyogenes (GAS)
Resistant - S. agalactiae (GBS)
Term
lab: bamboo spine on x-ray
Definition
dx: ankylosing spondylitis (chronic inflammatory arthritis, HLA-B27)
Term
lab: basophilic nuclear remnants in RBCs
Definition
dx: Howell-Jolly bodies (due to splenectomy or nonfunctional spleen)
Term
lab: basophilic stippling of RBCs
Definition
dx: lead poisoning or sideroblastic anemia
Term
lab: blood tap on LP
Definition
dx: subarachnoid hemorrhage
Term
lab: boot shaped heart on x-ray
Definition
dx: tetralogy of Fallot, RVH
Term
lab: branching gram-positive rods with sulfur granules
Definition
dx: Actinomyces israelii
Term
lab: bronchogenic apical lung tumor on imaging
Definition
dx: Pancoast tumor (can compress sympathetic ganglion and cause Horner syndrome)
Term
lab: brown tumor of bone
Definition
dx: hyperparathyroidism or osteitis fibrosa cystica (deposited hemosiderin from hemorrhage gives brown color)
Term
lab: cardiomegaly with apical atrophy
Definition
dx: Chagas disease (Trypanosoma cruzi)
Term
lab: cellular crescents in Bowman capsule
Definition
dx: rapidly progressive crescentic glomerulonephritis
Term
lab: chocolate cyst of ovary
Definition
dx: endometriosis (frequently involves both ovaries)
Term
lab: circular group of dark tumor cells surrounding pale neurofibrils
Definition
dx: Homer-Wright rosettes (neuroblastoma, medulloblastoma, retinoblastoma)
Term
lab: colonies of mucoid Pseudomonas in lungs
Definition
dx: cystic fibrosis (autosomal recessive mutation in CFTR gene --> fat soluble vitamin deficiency and mucous plugs)
Term
lab: decrease AFP in amniotic fluid/maternal serum
Definition
dx: Down syndrome or other chromosomal abnormality
Term
lab: degeneration of dorsal column nerves
Definition
dx: Tabes dorsalis (3* syphilis), Subacute combined degeneration (dorsal columns and lateral corticospinal tracts affected)
Term
lab: desquamated epithelium casts in sputum
Definition
dx: Cruschmann spirals (bronchial asthma; can result in whorled mucous plug)
Term
lab: disarrayed granulosa cells in eosinophilic fluid
Definition
dx: Call-Exner bodies (granulosa-theca cell tumor of the ovary)
Term
lab: dysplastic squamous cervical cells with nuclear enlargement and hyperchromasia
Definition
dx: Koilocytes (HPV - predisposes to cervical cancer)
Term
lab: enlarged cells with intranuclear inclusion bodes
Definition
dx: Owl eye appearance of CMV
Term
lab: eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in liver cell
Definition
dx: Mallory body (alcoholic liver disease)
Term
lab: eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in nerve cell
Definition
dx: Lewy body (Parkinson disease)
Term
lab: eosinophilic globule in liver
Definition
dx: Councilman body (toxic or viral hepatitis, often yellow fever)
Term
lab: eosinophilic inclusion body in cytoplasm of hippocampal and cerebellar nerve cells
Definition
dx: Negri bodies of rabies
Term
lab: extracellular amyloid deposition in gray matter of brain
Definition
dx: Senile plaques (Alzheimer disease)
Term
lab: giant B cells with bilobed nuclei with prominent inclusions (owl's eye)
Definition
dx: Reed-Sternberg cells (Hodgkin lymphoma)
Term
lab: glomerulus-like structure surrounding vessel in germ cells
Definition
dx: Schiller-Duval bodies (yolk sac tumor)
Term
lab: hair on end (crew cut) skull appearance on x-ray
Definition
dx: beta-thalassemia, sickle cell anemia (marrow expansion)
Term
lab: hCG elevated
Definition
dx: choriocarcinoma, hydatidiform mole (occurs with and without embryo, and multiple pregnancy)
Term
lab: heart nodules (granulomatous)
Definition
dx: Aschoff bodies (rheumatic fever)
Term
lab: heterophile antibodies
Definition
dx: infectious mononucleosis (EBV)
Term
lab: hexagonal double-pointed needle-like crystals in bronchial secretions
Definition
dx: bronchial asthma (Charcot-Leyden crystals - eosinophilic granules)
Term
lab: high level of D-dimers
Definition
dx: DVT, PE, DIC
Term
lab: Hilary lymphadenopathy, peripheral granulomatous lesions in middle or lower lung lobes, +/- calcified
Definition
dx: Ghon complex (1* TB: myocobacterium bacilli)
Term
lab: honeycomb lung on x-ray or CT
Definition
dx: interstitial pulmonary fibrosis
Term
lab: hypercoagulability (leading to migrating DVTs and vasculitis)
Definition
dx: Trousseau syndrome (adenocarcinoma of pancreas or lung)
Term
lab: hypersegmented neutrophils
Definition
dx: megaloblastic anemia (B12 deficiency - neurologic sx, folate deficiency - no neurologic sx)
Term
lab: hypertension, hypokalemia, metabolic alkalosis
Definition
dx: Conn syndrome
Term
lab: hypochromic microcytic anemia
Definition
dx: iron deficiency, lead poisoning, thalassemia (fetal hemoglobin sometimes present)
Term
lab: increased AFP in amniotic fluid/maternal serum
Definition
dx: Dating error, anencephaly, spina bifida (NTDs)
Term
lab: increased uric acid levels
Definition
dx: Gout, Lesch-Nyhan syndrome, tumor lysis syndrome, loop and thiazide diuretics
Term
lab: intranuclear eosinophilic droplet-like bodies
Definition
dx: Crowdy type A boddies (HSV or CMV)
Term
lab: iron-containing nodules in alveolar septum
Definition
dx: ferruginous bodies (asbestosis - inc. chance of mesothelioma)
Term
lab: keratin pearls on skin biopsy
Definition
dx: squamous cell carcinoma
Term
lab: lead pip appearance of colon on barium enema xray
Definition
dx: ulcerative colitis (loss of haustra)
Term
lab: linear appearance of IgG deposition on glomerular basement membrane
Definition
dx: Goodpasture syndrome
Term
lab: low cerum ceruloplasmin
Definition
dx: Wilson disease (hepatolenticular degeneration)
Term
lab: lumpy-bumpy appearance of glomeruli on immunofluorescence
Definition
dx: poststreptococcal GN (immune complex of IgG and C3b)
Term
lab: lytic (hole-punched) bone lesion on x-ray
Definition
dx: multiple myeloma
Term
lab: mammary gland (blue-domed) cyst)
Definition
dx: fibrocystic change of breast
Term
lab: monoclonal Ab spike
Definition
dx: multiple myeloma (IgA or IgG usually), monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS consequence of aging), Waldenstrom (M protein = IgM) macroglobulinemia, primary amyloidosis
Term
lab: mucin-filled cell with peripheral nucleus
Definition
dx: signet ring (gastric carcinoma)
Term
lab: narrowing of bowel lumen on barium x-ray
Definition
dx: string sign (Crohn dz)
Term
lab: necrotizing vasculitic (lungs) and necrotizing GN
Definition
dx: granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener = PR2-ANCA/c-ANCA), Goodpasture syndrome (anti-BM Abs)
Term
lab: needle-shaped, negatively birefringent crystals
Definition
dx: gout (monosodium urate crystals)
Term
lab: nodular hyaline deposits in glomeruli
Definition
dx: Kimmmelstiel-Wilson nodules (diabetic nephropathy)
Term
lab: novobiocin response
Definition
dx:
Sensitive - Staph epidermidis
Resistant - Staph saprophyticus
Term
lab: nutmeg appearance of liver
Definition
dx: chronic passive congestion of liver due to right heart failure
Term
lab: onion skin periosteal reaction
Definition
dx: Ewing sarcoma (malignant round-cell tumor)
Term
lab: optochin response
Definition
dx:
Sensitive - strep pneumonia
Resistant - viridians strep
Term
lab: periosteum raised from bone creating triangular area
Definition
dx: Codman triangle (osteosarcoma, Ewing sarcoma, pyogenic osteomyelitis)
Term
lab: podocyte fusion or effacement on electron microscopy
Definition
dx: minimal change disease (child with nephrotic syndrome)
Term
lab: polished, ivory-like appearance of bone at cartilage erosion
Definition
dx: eburnation (OA resulting in boney sclerosis)
Term
lab: protein aggregates in neurons from hyperphosphorylation of tau protein
Definition
dx: neurofibrillary tangles (Alzehimer dz) or Pick bodies (Pick dz)
Term
lab: psammoma bodies
Definition
dx: meningiomas, papillary thyroid carcinoma, mesothelioma, papillary serous carcinoma of endometrium and ovary
Term
lab: pseudopalisating tumor cells on brain biopsy
Definition
dx: glioblastoma multiforme
Term
lab: RBC casts in urine
Definition
dx: acute glomerulonephritis
Term
lab: rectangular, crystal-like cytoplasmic inclusions in Leydig cells
Definition
dx: reinke crystals (Leydig cell tumor)
Term
lab: renal epithelial cell casts in urine
Definition
dx: acute toxic/viral renal injury
Term
lab: rhomboid crystals, positively birefringent
Definition
dx: pseudogout (calcium pyrophosphate dehydrate crystals)
Term
lab: rib notching
Definition
dx: coarctation of aorta
Term
lab: ring-enhancing brain lesion in AIDS
Definition
dx: toxoplasma gondii, CNS lymphoma
Term
lab: sheets of medium-sized lymphoid cells w/ scattered pale tingible body-laden macrophages ("starry sky")
Definition
dx: Burkitt lymphoma (t[8:14] c-myc activation, assoc. w/ EBV, black sky is made of the malignant cells)
Term
lab: silver-staining spherical aggregation of tau proteins in neurons
Definition
dx: Pick bodies (pick dz - progressive dementia, changes in personality)
Term
lab: soap bubble in femur or tibia on x-ray
Definition
dx: giant cell tumor of bone (generally benign)
Term
lab: spikes on basement membrane, dome-like subepithelial deposits
Definition
dx: membranous glomerulonephritis (may progress to nephrotic syndrome)
Term
lab: stacks of RBCs
Definition
dx: Rouleaux formation (high ESR, multiple myeloma)
Term
lab: stippled vaginal epithelial cells
Definition
dx: Clue cells (Gardenerella vaginalis)
Term
lab: tennis racket-shaped cytoplasmic organelles (EM) in Langerhans cells
Definition
dx: Birbeck granules (Langerhans cell histiocytosis or histiocytosis X - eosinophilic granuloma)
Term
lab: thrombi made of white/red layers
Definition
dx: Lines of Zahn (arterial thrombus, layers of platelets/RBCs)
Term
lab: thumb sign on lateral x-ray
Definition
dx: epiglottitis (Haemophilus influenzae)
Term
lab: thyroid-like appearance of kidney
Definition
dx: chronic bacterial pyelonephritis
Term
lab: tram track appearance of capillary loops of glomerulus basement membranes on light microscopy
Definition
dx: membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis
Term
lab: triglyceride accumulation in liver cell vacuoles
Definition
dx: fatty liver dz (alcoholic or metabolic syndrome)
Term
lab: waxy cases with very low urine flow
Definition
dx: chronic end-stage renal disease
Term
lab: WBC casts in urine
Definition
dx: acute pyelonehpritis
Term
lab: WBCs that look smudged
Definition
dx: CLL (almost always B cell)
Term
lab: wire loop glomerular capillary appearance on light microscopy
Definition
dx: lupus nephropathy
Term
lab: yellowish CSF
Definition
dx: xanthochromia (e.g. due to subarachnoid hemorrhage)
Term
dz: absence seizures
Definition
tx: ethosuximide
Term
dz: acute gout attack
Definition
tx: NSAIDS, colchicine
Term
dz: acute promyelocytic leukemia (M3)
Definition
tx: all-trans retinoic acid
Term
dz: ADHD
Definition
tx: methyphenidate, amphetamines
Term
dz: alcohol use disorder
Definition
tx: AA + disulfiram, or acamprosate for pt, Al-Anon or pt's family
Term
dz: alcohol withdrawal
Definition
tx: benzodiazepines
Term
dz: anorexia
Definition
tx: nutrition, psychotherapy
Term
dz: anticoagulation during pregnancy
Definition
tx: heparin
Term
dz: arrhythmia in damaged cardiac tissue
Definition
tx: class IB antiarrhythmic (lidocaine, mexiletine, tocainide)
Term
dz: B12 deficiency
Definition
tx: vitamin B12 supplementation (work up cause with Schilling test)
Term
dz: benign prostatic hyperplasia
Definition
tx: tamsulosin, finasteride
Term
dz: bipolar disorder
Definition
tx: lithium, valproate, carbamazepine, lamotrigine (mood stabilizers)
Term
dz: breast cancer in postmenopausal women
Definition
tx: aromatase inhibitors (anastrozole)
Term
dz: buerger disease
Definition
tx: smoking cessation
Term
dz: bulimia nervosa
Definition
tx: SSRIs
Term
dz: candida albicans
Definition
tx: AmpB (systemic), nystatin (oral thrush), azoles (vaginintis)
Term
dz: carcinoid syndrome
Definition
tx: octreotide
Term
dz: chlamydia trachomatis
Definition
tx: doxycycline (+ ceftriazone for gonorrhea coinfection), erythromycin eye drops (prophylaxis in infants)
Term
dz: chronic gout
Definition
tx: probenecid (underexcretor), allopurinol (overproducer), febuxostat
Term
dz: chronic hepatitis
Definition
tx: IFN-alpha
Term
dz: chronic myelogenous leukemia
Definition
tx: imatinib
Term
dz: clostridium botulinum
Definition
tx: antitoxin
Term
dz: clostridium difficile
Definition
tx: oral metronidazole, if refractory -> oral vancomycin
Term
dz: clostridium tetani
Definition
tx: antitoxin + vaccine booster + diazepam
Term
dz: CMV
Definition
tx: ganciclovir
Term
dz: crohn disease
Definition
tx: corticosteroids, infliximab, methotrexate, azathioprine
Term
dz: Cryptococcus neoformans
Definition
tx: fluconazole (prophylaxis in AIDS)
Term
dz: cyclophosphamide-induced hemorrhagic cystitis
Definition
tx: mesna
Term
dz: depression
Definition
tx: SSRIs (first-line)
Term
dz: diabetes insipidus
Definition
tx: DDAVP (central), hydrochlorothiazide/indomethacin/amiloride (nephrogenic)
Term
dz: diabetes mellitus type 1
Definition
tx: dietary intervention (low sugar) + insulin replacement
Term
dz: diabetes mellitus type 2
Definition
tx: dietary intervention, oral hypoglycemic, and insulin (if refractory)
Term
dz: diabetic ketoacidosis
Definition
tx: fluids, insulin, K+
Term
dz: enterococci
Definition
tx: vancomycine/ampicillin + aminoglycoside
Term
dz: erectile dysfunction
Definition
tx: sildenafil, vardenafil
Term
dz: ER+ breast cancer
Definition
tx: tamoxifen
Term
dz: ethylene glycol/methanol intoxication
Definition
tx: fomepizole (alcohol dehydrogenase inhibitor)
Term
dz: haemophilus influenza (B)
Definition
tx: rifampin (prophylaxis)
Term
dz: generalized anxiety disorder
Definition
tx: buspirone
Term
dz: granulomatous with polyangiitis (Wegener)
Definition
tx: cyclophosphamide, corticosteroids
Term
dz: heparin toxicity (acute)
Definition
tx: protamine sulfate
Term
dz: Her2/neu(+) breast cancer
Definition
tx: trastuzumab
Term
dz: hyperaldosteronism
Definition
tx: spironolactone
Term
dz: hypercholesterolemia
Definition
tx: statin (first-line)
Term
dz: hypertriglyceridemia
Definition
tx: fibrate
Term
dz: immediate anticoagulation
Definition
tx: heparin
Term
dz: infertility
Definition
tx: leuprolide, GnRH (pulsatile), clomiphene
Term
dz: influenza
Definition
tx: rimantadine, oseltamivir
Term
dz: legionella pneumophilia
Definition
tx: erythromycin
Term
dz: long-term anticoagulation
Definition
tx: warfarin
Term
dz: malaria
Definition
tx: chloroquine/mefloquine (for blood schizont), primaquine (for liver hypnozoite)
Term
dz: malignant hyperthermia
Definition
tx: dantrolene
Term
dz: medical abortion
Definition
tx: mifepristone
Term
dz: migraine
Definition
tx: sumatriptan
Term
dz: MRSA
Definition
tx: vancomycin
Term
dz: multiple sclerosis
Definition
tx: beta-IFN, immunosuppression, natalizumab
Term
dz: mycobacterium tuberculosis
Definition
tx: RIPE (rifampin, INH, pyrazinamide, ethambutol)
Term
dz: Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Definition
tx: ceftriaxone (add doxycycline to cover concurrent Chlamydia)
Term
dz: neural tube defect prevention
Definition
tx: prenatal folic acid
Term
dz: osteomalacia/rickets
Definition
tx: Vitamin D supplementation
Term
dz: osteoporosis
Definition
tx: bisphosphonates, calcium, vitamin D supplementation
Term
dz: patent ductus arteriosus
Definition
tx: indomethacin (closes)
Term
dz: pheochromocytoma
Definition
tx: alpha-antagonists (e.g. phenoxybenzamine)
Term
dz: pneumocystis jirovecii
Definition
tx: TMP-SMX (prophylaxis in AIDS)
Term
dz: prolactinoma
Definition
tx: bromocriptine (dopamine agonists)
Term
dz: prostate cancer/uterine fibroids
Definition
tx: leuprolide, GnRH (continuous)
Term
dz: prostate carcinoma
Definition
tx: flutamide
Term
dz: pseudomonas aeruginosa
Definition
tx: antipseudomonal penicillin + aminoglycoside
Term
dz: pulmonary arterial HTN (idiopathic)
Definition
tx: sildenafil, bonsentan, epoprostenol
Term
dz: rickettsia rickettsii
Definition
tx: doxycycline, chloramphenicol (assoc. w/ aplastic anemia)
Term
dz: ringworm infections
Definition
tx: terbinafine, griseofulvin, imidazole
Term
dz: schizophrenia (negative sx)
Definition
tx: 5HT2A antagonists (2nd gen antipsychotics)
Term
dz: schizophrenia (positive sx)
Definition
tx: D2 receptor antagonists (1st and 2nd gen antipsychotics)
Term
dz: SIADH
Definition
tx: demeclocycline, lithium, vasopressin receptor antagonists
Term
dz: sickle cell anemia
Definition
tx: hydroxyurea (increases fetal hemoglobin)
Term
dz: sporothrix schenckii
Definition
tx: oral potassium iodide
Term
dz: stable angina
Definition
tx: sublingual nitroglycerin
Term
dz: staphylococcus aureus
Definition
tx: MSSA - nafcillin/oxacillin/dicloxacillin, MRSA - vacnomycin
Term
dz: streptococcus bovis
Definition
tx: penicillin prophylaxis, evaluation fro colon cancer if linked to endocarditis
Term
dz: streptococcus pneumoniae
Definition
tx: penicillin/cephalosporin (systemic infection, pneumonia), vancomycin (meningitis)
Term
dz: streptococcus pyogenes
Definition
tx: penicillin prophylaxis
Term
dz: temporal arteritis
Definition
tx: high dose steroids
Term
dz: tonic clonic seizures
Definition
tx: phenytoin, valproate, carbamazepine
Term
dz: toxoplasma gondii
Definition
tx: sulfadiazine + pyrimethamine
Term
dz: treponema pallidum
Definition
tx: penicillin
Term
dz: trichomonas vaginalis
Definition
tx: metronidazole (pt and partner)
Term
dz: trigeminal neuralgia (tic douloureux)
Definition
tx: carbamazepine
Term
dz: ulcerative colitis
Definition
tx: 5-ASA, infliximab, colectomy
Term
dz: UTI prophylaxis
Definition
tx: TMP-SMX
Term
dz: warfarin toxicity
Definition
tx: fresh frozen plasma (acute), vitamin K (chronic)
Term
px/dz: actinic (solar) keratosis
Definition
MC: precursor to SqCC
Term
px/dz: acute gastric ulcer assoc. w/ CNS injury
Definition
MC: Cushing ulcer (increased intracranial pressure stimulates vagal gastric secretion)
Term
px/dz: acute gastric ulcer assoc. w/ severe burns
Definition
MC: Curling ulcer (greatly reduced plasma volume results in sloughing of gastric mucosa)
Term
px/dz: alternating areas of transmural inflammation and normal colon
Definition
MC: skip lesions (Crohn disease)
Term
px/dz: aneurysm, dissecting
Definition
MC: HTN
Term
px/dz: aortic aneurysm, abdominal and descending aorta
Definition
MC: atherosclerosis
Term
px/dz: aortic aneurysm, arch
Definition
MC: 3* syphilis (syphilitic aortitis), vasa vasorum destruction
Term
px/dz: aortic aneurysm, ascending
Definition
MC: Marfan syndrome (idiopathic cystic medial degeneration)
Term
px/dz: atrophy of mammillary bodies
Definition
MC: Wernicke encephalopathy (thiamine deficiency causing ataxia, ophthalmoplegia and confusion)
Term
px/dz: autosplenectomy (fibrosis and shrinkage)
Definition
MC: Sickle cell anemia (hemoglobin S)
Term
px/dz: bacteria assoc. with gastritis, peptic ulcer dz, and stomach cancer
Definition
MC: H. pylori
Term
px/dz: bacterial meningitis (adults and elderly)
Definition
MC: Streptococcus pneumoniae
Term
px/dz: bacterial meningitis (newborns and kids)
Definition
MC: Group B strep/E. coli (newborn), S. pneumo/Neisseria meninigitidis (kids)
Term
px/dz: benign melanocytic nevus
Definition
MC: Spitz nevus (MC in 1st two decades)
Term
px/dz: bleeding disorder with GpIb deficiency
Definition
MC: Bernard-Soulier syndrome (defect in plate adhesion to von Willebrand factor)
Term
px/dz: brain tumor (adults)
Definition
MC: Supratentorial - metastasis > astrocytoma (including glioblastoma multiforme) > meningioma > schwannoma
Term
px/dz: brain tumor (kids)
Definition
MC: Infratentorial - medulloblastoma (cerebellum) or Supratentorial - craniopharyngioma
Term
px/dz: breast cancer
Definition
MC: infiltrating ductal carcinoma
Term
px/dz: cardiac 1* tumor (kids)
Definition
MC: rhabdomyoma, often seen in tuberous sclerosis
Term
px/dz: cardiac manifestation of lupus
Definition
MC: Libman-Sacks endocarditis (nonbacterial, affecting both sides of mitral valve)
Term
px/dz: cardiac tumor (adults)
Definition
MC: metastasis, 1* myxoma (4:1 left to right atrium, "ball and valve")
Term
px/dz: cerebellar tonsil herniation
Definition
MC: chiari II malformation
Term
px/dz: chronic arrhythmia
Definition
MC: atrial fibrillation (assoc. w/ high risk of emboli)
Term
px/dz: chronic atrophic gastritis (autoimmune)
Definition
MC: predisposition to gastric carcinoma (can also cause pernicious anemia)
Term
px/dz: clear cell adenocarcinoma of the vigina
Definition
MC: DES exposure in utero
Term
px/dz: compression fracture
Definition
MC: osteoporosis (type I - postmenopausal women, type II - elderly man or woman)
Term
px/dz: congenital adrenal hyperplasia, hypotension
Definition
MC: 21-hydroxylase deficiency
Term
px/dz: congenital cardiac anomaly
Definition
MC: VSD
Term
px/dz: congenital conjugated hyperbilirubinemia (black liver)
Definition
MC: Dubin-Johnson syndrome (inability of hepatocytes to secrete conjugated bilirubin into bile)
Term
px/dz: constrictive pericarditis
Definition
MC: TB (developing world); SLE (developed world)
Term
px/dz: coronary artery involved in thrombosis
Definition
MC: LAD > RCA > LCA
Term
px/dz: cretinism
Definition
MC: iodine deficit/hypothyroidism
Term
px/dz: Cushing syndrome
Definition
MC:
Iatrogenic - corticosteroid therapy
Adrenocortical adenoma - excess cortisol
ACTH-secreting pituitary adenoma
Paraneoplastic - ACTH from tumor
Term
px/dz: cyanosis (early, less common)
Definition
MC: tetralogy of Fallot, transposition of great vessels, truncus arteriosus
Term
px/dz: cyanosis (late, more common)
Definition
MC: VSD, ASD, PDA
Term
px/dz: death in CML
Definition
MC: blast crisis
Term
px/dz: death in SLE
Definition
MC: lupus nephropathy
Term
px/dz: dementia
Definition
MC: Alzheimer dz, multiple infarcts
Term
px/dz: demyelinating disease in young women
Definition
MC: multiple sclerosis
Term
px/dz: DIC
Definition
MC: severe sepsis, obstetric complications, cancer, burns, trauma, major surgery
Term
px/dz: dietary deficit
Definition
MC: iron
Term
px/dz: diverticulum in pharynx
Definition
MC: Zenker diverticulum (diagnosed by barium swallow)
Term
px/dz: ejection click
Definition
MC: aortic/pulmonic stenosis
Term
px/dz: esophageal cancer
Definition
MC: SqCC (world), adenocarcinoma (U.S.)
Term
px/dz: food poisoning (exotoxin mediated)
Definition
MC: S. aureus, B. cereus
Term
px/dz: glomerulonephritis (adults)
Definition
MC: Berger disease (IgA nephropathy)
Term
px/dz: gynecologic malignancy
Definition
MC: endometrial (U.S.), cervical (world)
Term
px/dz: heart murmur, congenital
Definition
MC: mitral valve prolapse
Term
px/dz: heart valve in bacterial endocarditis
Definition
MC: mitral > aortic (rheumatic fever), tricuspid (IVDU)
Term
px/dz: helminth infection (U.S.)
Definition
MC: enterobius vermicularis, ascaris lumbricoides
Term
px/dz: hematoma - epidural
Definition
MC: rupture of middle meningeal artery (trauma, lentiform shape)
Term
px/dz: hematoma - subdural
Definition
MC: rupture of bridging veins (crescent shaped)
Term
px/dz: hemochromatosis
Definition
MC: multiple blood transfusions or hereditary HFE mutation (can result in CHF, bronze diabetes, and increased risk of HCC)
Term
px/dz: hepatocellular carcinoma
Definition
MC: cirrhotic liver (assoc. with HepB and C and with alcoholism)
Term
px/dz: hereditary bleeding disorder
Definition
MC: von Willebrand disease
Term
px/dz: hereditary harmless jaundice
Definition
MC: Gilbert syndrome (benign congenital unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia)
Term
px/dz: HLA-B27
Definition
MC: ankylosing spondylitis, reactive arthritis, ulcerative colitis, psoriatic arthritis
Term
px/dz: HLA-DR3 or DR4
Definition
MC: DMT1, RA, SLE
Term
px/dz: holosystolic murmur
Definition
MC: VSD, tricuspid regurgitation, mitral regurgitation
Term
px/dz: hypercoagulability, endothelial damage, blood stasis
Definition
MC: Virchow triad (results in venous thrombosis)
Term
px/dz: 2* hypertension
Definition
MC: renal disease
Term
px/dz: hypoparathyroidism
Definition
MC: accidental excision during thyroidectomy
Term
px/dz: hypopituitarism
Definition
MC: pituitary adenoma (usually benign tumor)
Term
px/dz: infection 2* to blood transfusion
Definition
MC: Hepatitis C
Term
px/dz: infections in chronic granulomatous disease
Definition
MC: S. aureus, E. coli, Aspergillisu (CATALASE +)
Term
px/dz: intellectual disability
Definition
MC: Down syndrome, fragile X syndrome
Term
px/dz: kidney stones
Definition
MC:
Calcium - radiopaque
Struvite (ammonium) - radiopaque (formed by urease + organisms like proteus vulgaris or staph)
Uric acid = radiolucent
Term
px/dz: late cyanotic shunt (uncorrected left to right becomes right to left)
Definition
MC: Eisenmenger syndrome (ASD/VSD/PDA, results in pulmonary HTN/polycythemia)
Term
px/dz: liver disease
Definition
MC: alcoholic cirrhosis
Term
px/dz: lysosomal storage disease
Definition
MC: Guacher disease
Term
px/dz: male cancer
Definition
MC: prostatic carcinoma
Term
px/dz: malignancy assoc. w/ noninfectious fever
Definition
MC: Hodgkin lymphoma
Term
px/dz: malignancy (kids)
Definition
MC: ALL, medulloblastoma (cerebellum)
Term
px/dz: metastases to brain
Definition
MC: lung > breast > genitourinary > melanoma > GI
Term
px/dz: metastases to liver
Definition
MC: colon >> stomach, pancreas
Term
px/dz: mitochondrial inheritance
Definition
MC: disease occurs in both male and females, inherited through females only
Term
px/dz: mitral valve stenosis
Definition
MC: rheumatic heart disease
Term
px/dz: mixed (UMN and LMN) motor neuron disease
Definition
MC: amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Term
px/dz: myocarditis
Definition
MC: Coxsackie B
Term
px/dz: nephrotic syndrome (adults)
Definition
MC: focal segmental glomerulosclerosis
Term
px/dz: nephrotic syndrome (kids)
Definition
MC: minimal change disease
Term
px/dz: neuron migration failure
Definition
MC: Kallmann syndrome (hypogonadotropic hypogonadism with anosmia)
Term
px/dz: nosocomial pneumonia
Definition
MC: Klebsiella, E. coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Term
px/dz: obstruction of male urinary tract
Definition
MC: BPH
Term
px/dz: opening snap
Definition
MC: mitral stenosis
Term
px/dz: opportunistic infection in AIDS
Definition
MC: Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia
Term
px/dz: osteomyelitis
Definition
MC: S. aureus
Term
px/dz: osteomyelitis in sickle cell disease
Definition
MC: Salmonella
Term
px/dz: osteomyelitis in IVDU
Definition
MC: Pseudomonas, S. aureus
Term
px/dz: ovarian metastasis from gastric carcinoma or breast cancer
Definition
MC: Krukenberg tumor (mucin-secreting signet ring cells)
Term
px/dz: ovarian tumor (benign, bilateral)
Definition
MC: serous cystadenoma
Term
px/dz: ovarian tumor (malignant)
Definition
MC: serous cystadenocarcinoma
Term
px/dz: pancreatitis (acute)
Definition
MC: gallstones, alcohol
Term
px/dz: pancreatitis (chronic)
Definition
MC: alcohol (adults), cystic fibrosis (kids)
Term
px/dz: patient with ALL/CLL/AML/CML
Definition
MC:
ALL - child
CLL - adult >60
AML - adult ~65
CML - adult 30-60
Term
px/dz: pelvic inflammatory disease
Definition
MC: chlamydia trachomatis, n. gonorrhoeae
Term
px/dz: Philadelphia chromosome t(9;22), bcr-able
Definition
MC: CML, may sometimes be assoc. with ALL/AML
Term
px/dz: pituitary tumor
Definition
MC: prolactinoma, somatotropic acidophilic adenoma
Term
px/dz: 1* amenorrhea
Definition
MC: Turner syndrome (45,XO)
Term
px/dz: 1* bone tumor (adults)
Definition
MC: multiple myeloma
Term
px/dz: 1* hyperaldosteronism
Definition
MC: adenoma of adrenal cortex
Term
px/dz: 1* hyperparathyroidism
Definition
MC: adenoma, hyperplasia, carcionoma
Term
px/dz: 1* liver cancer
Definition
MC: hepatocellular carcinoma (chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, hemochromatosis, alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency)
Term
px/dz: pulmonary hypertension
Definition
MC: COPD
Term
px/dz: recurrent inflammation/thrombosis of small/medium vessels in extremities
Definition
MC: Buerger disease (strongly assoc. with tobacco)
Term
px/dz: renal tumor
Definition
MC: renal cell carcinoma (assoc. w/ VHL and cigarette smoking; paraneoplastic = EPO, renin, PTH, ACTH)
Term
px/dz: right heart failure due to pulmonary cause
Definition
MC: cor pumonale
Term
px/dz: S3 (protodiastolic gallop)
Definition
MC: increased ventricular filling (left to right shunt, mitral regurg, LV failure - CHF)
Term
px/dz: S4 (presystolic gallop)
Definition
MC: stiff/hypertrophic ventricle (aortic stenosis, restrictive cardiomyopathy)
Term
px/dz: 2* hyperparathyroidism
Definition
MC: hypocalcemia of chronic kidney disease
Term
px/dz: sexually transmitted disease
Definition
MC: chlamydia (usually coinfected with gonorrhoeae)
Term
px/dz: SIADH
Definition
MC: small cell carcinoma of the lung
Term
px/dz: site of diverticula
Definition
MC: sigmoid colon
Term
px/dz: sites of atheroslcerosis
Definition
MC: abdominal aorta > coronary artery > popliteal artery > carotid artery
Term
px/dz: stomach cancer
Definition
MC: adenocarcionoma
Term
px/dz: stomach ulceration and high gastrin levels
Definition
MC: Zollinger-Ellison syndrome (gastrinoma of duodenum or pancreas)
Term
px/dz: t(14;18)
Definition
MC: follicular lymphoma (bcl-2 activation)
Term
px/dz: t(8;14)
Definition
MC: Burkitt lymphoma (c-myc activation)
Term
px/dz: t(9;22)
Definition
MC: Philadelphia chromosome, CML (bcr-abl formation)
Term
px/dz: temporal arteritis
Definition
MC: risk of ipsilateral blindness due to thrombosis of ophthalmic artery; polymyalgia rheumatica
Term
px/dz: testicular tumor
Definition
MC: seminoma (malignant, radiosensitive)
Term
px/dz: thyroid cancer
Definition
MC: papillary carcinoma
Term
px/dz: tumor in women
Definition
MC: leiomyoma (estrogen dependent, not precancerous)
Term
px/dz: tumor of infancy
Definition
MC: hemangioma (usually regresses spontaneously by childhood)
Term
px/dz: tumor of adrenal medulla (adults)
Definition
MC: pheochromocytoma (usually benign)
Term
px/dz: tumor of adrenal medulla (kids)
Definition
MC: neuroblastoma (malignant)
Term
px/dz: type of Hodgkin
Definition
MC: nodular sclerosis (vs. mixed cellularity, lymphocytic predominance, lymphocytic depletion)
Term
px/dz: type of non-Hodgkin
Definition
MC: diffuse large cell
Term
px/dz: UTI
Definition
MC: E. coli, S. saprophyticus (young women)
Term
px/dz: viral encephalitis affecting temporal lobe
Definition
MC: HSV-1
Term
px/dz: vitamin deficiency (U.S.)
Definition
folate (pregnant women are at high risk, body stores only 3-4 month supply, prevents NTDs)
Term
topic: sensitivity
Definition
eq: TP/(TP+FN)
Term
topic: specificity
Definition
eq: TN/(TN+FP)
Term
topic: positive predictive value
Definition
eq: TP/(TP+FP)
Term
topic: negative predictive value
Definition
eq: TN/(FN+TN)
Term
topic: odds ratio
Definition
eq: (a/c)/(b/d)=ad/bc
Term
topic: relative risk
Definition
eq: [a/(a+b)]/[c/(c+d)]
Term
topic: attributable risk
Definition
eq: (a/a+b)-(c/c+d)
Term
topic: number needed to treat
Definition
eq: 1/absolute risk reduction
Term
topic: number needed to harm
Definition
eq: 1/attributable risk
Term
topic: Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium
Definition
eq: p^2+2pq+q^2=1, p+q=1
Term
topic: volume of distribution
Definition
eq: amount of drug in body/plasma drug concentration, amount of drug administered/plasma concentration
Term
topic: half-life
Definition
eq: (0.693*Vd)/CL
Term
topic: drug clearance
Definition
eq: rate of elimination of drug/plasma drug concentration = Vd*Ke
Ke - elimination constant
Term
topic: loading dose
Definition
eq: Cp*Vd/F
Term
topic: maintenance dose
Definition
eq: Cp*CL*dosing interval/F
Term
topic: cardiac output
Definition
eq: rate of O2 consumption/(arterial O2 content-venous O2 content)
stroke volume* heart rate
Term
topic: mean arterial pressure
Definition
eq: CO*TPR, 2/3 diastolic + 1/3 systolic
Term
topic: stroke volume
Definition
eq: EDV-ESV
Term
topic: ejection fraction
Definition
eq: SV/EDV, (EDV-ESV)/EDV
Term
topic: resistance
Definition
eq: change in pressure/flow = 8*viscosity*length/(pi*r^4)
Term
topic: net filtration pressure
Definition
eq: [(hydrostatic pressure capillary - interstital)-(osmotic pressure capillary-interstital)]
Term
topic: renal clearance
Definition
eq: urinary concentration*urinary flow/plasma concentration
Term
topic: glomerular filtration rate
Definition
eq: urinary [inulin]*urinary flow/plasma [inulin]
Kf[(P(GC)-P(BS))-(osmotic(GC)-osmotic(BS)]
Term
topic: effective renal plasma flow
Definition
eq: urinary [PAH]*urinary flow/plasma [PAH]
Term
topic: renal blood flow
Definition
eq: RPF/(1-Hct)
Term
topic: filtration fraction
Definition
eq: GFR/RPF
Term
topic: Henderson-Hasselbach equation (for extracellular pH)
Definition
eq: 6.1 + log ([HCO3-]/(0.03*PCO2))
Term
topic: Winters formual
Definition
eq: PCO2 = 1.5[HCO3-]+8 (+/-2)
Term
topic: physiologic dead space
Definition
eq: VD = VT*(PaCO2-PECO2)/(PaCO2)
Term
topic: pulmonary vascular resistance
Definition
eq: (P of pulm artery - P left atrium)/(cardiac output)
Term
topic: alveolar gas equation
Definition
eq: PAO2 = PIO2 - PaCO2/R
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