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F/M Ch6 Terms
fundamentals of management chapter 6 terms
37
Management
Undergraduate 2
10/17/2012

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Term
job specialization
Definition
The degree to which the overall task of the organization is broken down and divided into smaller component parts.
Term
job rotation
Definition
An alternative to job specialization that involves systematically moving employees from one job to another.
Term
job enlargement
Definition
An alternative to job specialization that increases the total number of tasks workers perform.
Term
job enrichment
Definition
An alternative to job specialization that attempts to increase both the number of tasks a worker does and the control the worker has over the job.
Term
job characteristics approach
Definition
An alternative to job specialization that suggests that jobs should be diagnosed and improved along five core dimensions, taking into account both the work system and employee preferences.
Term
work team
Definition
An alternative to job specialization that allows an entire group to design the work system it will use to perform an interrelated set of tasks.
Term
departmentalization
Definition
The process of grouping jobs according to some logical arrangement.
Term
functional departmentalization
Definition
Grouping jobs involving the same or similar activities.
Term
product departmentalization
Definition
grouping activities around products or product groups
Term
customer departmentalization
Definition
grouping activities to respond to and interact with specific customers or customer groups
Term
location departmentalization
Definition
grouping jobs on the basis of defined geographical sites or areas.
Term
chain of command
Definition
a clear and distinct line of authority among the positions in an organization
Term
span of management
Definition
the number of people who report to a particular manager
Term
authority
Definition
power that has been legitimized by the organization
Term
delegation
Definition
the process by which a manager assigns a portion of his or her total workload to others
Term
decentralization
Definition
the process of systematically delegating power and authority throughout the organization to middle and lower-level managers
Term
centralization
Definition
the process of systematically retaining power and authority in the hands of high-level managers
Term
coordination
Definition
the process of linking the activities of the various departments of the organization
Term
pooled interdependence
Definition
when units operate with little interaction; their output is pooled at the organizational level
Term
sequential interdependence
Definition
when the output of one unit becomes the input for another in a sequential fashion
Term
reciprocal interdependence
Definition
when activities flow both ways between units
Term
bureaucracy
Definition
a model of organization design based on a legitimate and formal system of authority
Term
situational view of organization design
Definition
based on the assumption that the optimal design for any given organization depends on a set of relevant situational factors
Term
technology
Definition
conversion process used to transform inputs into outputs
Term
mechanistic organization
Definition
similar the the bureaucratic or System 1 model, most frequently found in stable environments
Term
organic organization
Definition
very flexible and informal model of organization design, most often found in unstable and unpredictable environments
Term
differentiation
Definition
extent to which the organization is broken down into subunits
Term
integration
Definition
degree to which the various subunits must work together in a coordinated fashion
Term
organizational size
Definition
total number of full-time or full-time-equivalent employees
Term
organizational life cycle
Definition
progression through which organizations evolve as they grow and mature
Term
functional design
Definition
based on the functional approach to departmentalization
Term
conglomerate design
Definition
used by an organization made up of a set of unrelated businesses
Term
divisional design
Definition
based on multiple businesses in related areas operating within a larger organizational framework
Term
matrix design
Definition
based on two overlapping bases of departmentalization
Term
team organization
Definition
an approach to organization design that relies almost exclusively on project-type teams, with little or no underlying hierarchy
Term
virtual organization
Definition
one that has little or no formal structure
Term
learning organization
Definition
one that works to facilitate the lifelong learning and personal development of all its employees while continually transforming itself to respond to changing demands and needs
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