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Eye Disorders
Drugs used to treat eye disorders
10
Pharmacology
Not Applicable
11/12/2010

Additional Pharmacology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
OSMOTIC AGENTS
glycerin
isosorbide
mannitol
urea
Definition
Actions- reduce volume of intraocular fluid
Uses- acute narrow angle glaucoma
Serious side effects- thirst, nausea, dehydration, electrolyte imbalance (K, Na, Cl), headache, circulatory overload
Term
CARBONIC ANHYDRASE INHIBITORS
acetazolamide
brinzolamide
dorzolamide
methazolamide
Definition
Action- inhibit enzyme carbonic anhydrase, decreasing the production ofaqueous humor
Uses- in conjunction with other agents to control IOP
*do not administer if pregnant or allergic to sulfonamides
Serious effects- electrolyte imbalance, dehydration, dermatologic, hematologic, neurologic reaction, confusion, drowsiness
Term
CHOLINERGIC AGENTS
Definition
Actions- produce strong contractions of the iris and cilliary body
Uses- lower IOP by widening the angle to allow outflow of aqueous humor
Common- reduced visual acuity, conjunctival irritation, erythema, headache, pain, discomfort
Serious- systemic toxicity
Term
CHOLINESTRASE INHIBITORS
Definition
Action- prevent metabolism of acetylcholine resulting in increased cholinergic activity resulting in reduced IOP
Uses- treat open angle glaucoma
Common- reduced visual acuity, conjunctival irritation, erythema, headache, lacrimation
Serious- systemic adverse effects
Term
ADRENERGIC AGENTS
Definition
Action- cause pupil dilation, increased outflow of aqueous humor, vasoconstriction, relaxation of cilliary muscle
Uses- lower IOP in open-angle glaucoma
Common- sensitivity to bright lights, conjunctival irritation, lacrimation
Serious- systemic, diaphoresis, trembling
Term
BETA-ADRENERGIC BLOCKING AGENTS
Definition
Action- reduce production of aqueous humor
Uses- reduce IOP with open-angle glaucoma
Common- conjunctival irritation, lacrimation
Serious- systemic
Term
PROSTAGLANDIN AGONISTS
Definition
Action- increase outflow of aqueous humor
Uses- reduce IOP in patients with chronic open-angle glaucoma not responding to other agents
Common& Serious- conjunctival irritation, lacrimation, burning, stinging, eye pigment changes
Term
ANTICHOLINERGIC AGENTS
Definition
Action- relax smooth muscle of ciliary body and iris to produce mydriasis and cycloplegia
Uses- interior eye exam, measure refraction, rest the eye in inflammatory conditions
Common- sensitivity to bright lights, conjunctival irritation, lacrimation
Serious- systemic
Term
ANTIFUNGAL AGENTS
natamycin
Definition
Action- alter cell wall of fungus causing death of fungus
Uses- candida, asperigillus, and fusarium infections
Common- sensitivity to bright lights, blurred vision, lacrimation, redness
Serious- eye pain, worsening of symptoms
Term
ANTIVIRAL AGENTS
gansiclovir
trifluridine
Definition
Action- inhibit viral replicaiton
Uses- herpes simplex keratitis, treat recurrent infections
Common- visual haze, lacrimation, redness, burning, sensitivity to bright light
Serious- allergic reaction
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