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Exploring The Universe: Chapter 1
Chapter 1: Stars and Galaxies
65
Science
7th Grade
09/15/2014

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Term
Nebulae
Definition
huge clouds of dust and gas from which new stars are born.
Term
Three types of galaxies
Definition
spiral, elliptical, and irregular
Term
Many stars are found in...
Definition
multiple star systems
Term
Every distant galaxy shows....
Definition
a red shift, indicating that the universe is expanding
Term
Most astronomers agree that.....
Definition
the universe began with the big bang
Term
Stars range in sizes from....
Definition
huge supergiants to neutron stars
Term
The surface temperature of a star can be determined by.....
Definition
its color
Term
Most stars are primarily made up of......
Definition
hydrogen, and heluim gasses
Term
A star's brightness as observed from Earth.......
Definition
is its apparent magnitude
Term
A star's true brightness is its ..........
Definition
absolute brightness
Term
The Hertzsprung-Russel diagram shows............
Definition
the relationship between a star's absolute magnitude and its temperature
Term
The layers of our sun are..............
Definition
corona, chromosphere, photosphere, and core
Term
The main factor that affects the evolution of a star is......
Definition
is its starting mass
Term
Binary Stars-
Definition
double star system
Term
Constellation-
Definition
a group of stars
Term
Nova-
Definition
star that suddenly increases in brightness in just a few hours or days
Term
Nebula-
Definition
massive cloud of dust and gas between the stars
Term
Galaxy-
Definition
huge collection of stars
Term
Spiral Galaxy-
Definition
galaxy that is shaped like a pinwheel
Term
Elliptical Galaxy-
Definition
galaxy that may vary is shape from spherical flat
Term
Spectroscope-
Definition
instrument that breaks up the light from a distant star into its characteristic colors
Term
Spectrum-
Definition
band of colors formed when light passes through a prism
Term
Red Shift-
Definition
shift toward the red end of the spectrum of a star that is moving away from the Earth
Term
Doppler Effect-
Definition
apparent change in the wavelength of light that occurs when an object is moving toward or away from the Earth
Term
Big-Bang Theory-
Definition
theory that states that the universe began to expand with the explosion of concentrated matter and energy and has been expanding ever since
Term
Gravity-
Definition
force of attraction between objects
Term
Quasar-
Definition
quasi-stellar radio source; distant object that gives off mainly radio waves and X-rays
Term
Giant Star-
Definition
star with a diameter about 10 to 100 times as large as the sun
Term
Supergiant Star-
Definition
star with a diameter up to 1000 times the diameter of the sun; largest of all stars
Term
White dwarf-
Definition
small dense star
Term
Neutron Star-
Definition
smallest of all stars
Term
Apparent Magnitude-
Definition
brightness of a star as it appears from Earth
Term
Absolute magnitude-
Definition
amount of light a star actually gives off
Term
Hertzsprung-Russell diagram-
Definition
chart that shows the realtionship between the absolute magnitude, and the surface temperature of stars; also called H-R diagram
Term
Main-sequence star-
Definition
star that falls in an area from the upper right corner to the lower left corner
Term
Parallax-
Definition
apparent change in the position of a star in the sky due to the change in the Earth moves around the sun
Term
Nuclear Fusion-
Definition
process by which hydrogen atoms are fused, or joined together, to form helium atoms
Term
Corona-
Definition
outermost layer of the sun's atmosphere
Term
Chromosphere-
Definition
middle layer of the sun's atmosphere
Term
Photosphere-
Definition
innermost layer of the sun's atmosphere
Term
Core-
Definition
center of the sun
Term
Prominence-
Definition
violent storms on the sun that can be seen from the Earth as huge bright arch or loop of hot gas
Term
Solar Flare-
Definition
storm on the sun sun that shows up as a bright bursts of light on the sun's surface
Term
Solar Wind-
Definition
continuous stream of high-energy particles released into space in all directions from the sun's corona
Term
Sunspot-
Definition
dark area on the sun's suface
Term
Axis-
Definition
imaginary vertical line through the line through the center of body around which the body rotates, or spins
Term
Protostar-
Definition
new star
Term
Supernova-
Definition
tremendous explosion in which a star breaks apart, releasing energy and newly formed elements
Term
Pulsar-
Definition
neutron star that give off radio waves
Term
Black Hole-
Definition
core of a supermassive star that remains after a supernova; the gravity of the core is so strong that not even light can escape
Term
Light can be broken up into its characteristic colors by an......
Definition
spectroscope
Term
The shape of galaxies such as the Milky Way is...
Definition
spiral
Term
The most common element in an average star is....
Definition
hydrogen
Term
During nuclear fusion, hydrogen atoms are fused into....
Definition
helium atoms
Term
The main factor that shapes the evolution of a star is...
Definition
mass
Term
The color of a star is an indicator of its...
Definition
surface temperature
Term
Super-Massive stars end up as...
Definition
black holes
Term
The most distant objects in the universe are...
Definition
quasars
Term
TRUE OR FALSE: Our sun is in the Andromeda Galaxy
Definition
FALSE
Term
TRUE OR FALSE: Most stars are main-sequence
Definition
TRUE
Term
TRUE OR FALSE: A solar storm in the form of a huge, bright, loop is called a solar flare
Definition
TRUE
Term
TRUE OR FALSE: Heavy elements are produced in a star during a nova explosion
Definition
TRUE
Term
TRUE OR FALSE: Most of the core of a red giant is made of helium
Definition
TRUE
Term
TRUE OR FALSE: In an open universe, all the galaxies will eventually move back to the center of the universe
Definition
FALSE
Term
TRUE OR FALSE: The blue shift indicates that the universe is expanding
Definition
FALSE
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