Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Experimental Research
N/A
20
Psychology
Undergraduate 1
05/18/2014

Additional Psychology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Experiments
Definition
Determine whether there is a casual relationship between the IV and the DV
Term
Designing the IV
Definition
  • Construct validity- IV reflects hypothetical construct
  • Content validity- operationalised to reflect variable of interest
  • External validity- can be generalized
  • Ecological validity- real-life events.
Term
Powerful study
Definition

Reduce chance of Type 2 error- missing the relationship.


IV: minimise error variance.

Want to see a change no overlap between conditions


DV: increase sensitivity - can detect small influences

Minimise measurement error- reliable

 

Term
Correlational study
Definition
PROS: relationships of many variables
CONS: can't conclude the cause
-reliability/validity questioned in self-reports
Term
Perfect IV
Definition
  • Choose variables and conditions carefully- content/construct/external/ecological validity.
  • Create strong manipulations- powerful study.
  • Consistency between/within conditions.
  • Use manipulation checks- to check IV worked.
Term
Restriction Range (of DV)
Definition

Ceiling effect: maximum too low

Floor effect: minimum too high

Term
Order Effects
Definition
  • Practice effect: skill/boredom after practice- reduce validity.
  • Carryover effect: changes in the psychology of pps due to earlier trials, eg. frustration.
  • Response set: response strategies- reduce validity.
Term
COUNTERBALANCING
Definition

Prevent order effect.


 

Systematically changing the order of trials for each pp. in a balanced way.

Term
Perfect DV
Definition
  • Sensitive DV
  • Don't restrict ranges of responses
  • Practice/multiple trials (reliability)
  • Counterbalance or randomise order.
Term
Truly Random
Definition
All members of the population have the same chance of being selected.
Term
Stratified Sample
Definition
Population subgroups identified. Random sampling from subgroups
Term
Cluster
Definition
Everyone from a random area or population stratum is researched
Term
Convenience
Definition
Whoever is available
Term
Quota
Definition
Mix between stratified and convenience sampling
Term
Snowball
Definition
Participants recruit other participants
Term
SAMPLING BIAS
Definition
-Biased sampling: not representative of population
-Volunteer bias: volunteers might have some specific traits (eg. active)
Term
Descriptive Research
Definition
Observe and describe a behaviour/mental process, the situation it occurs in and the people who exhibit it.
Term
Observational studies
Definition
- Range from naturalistic to systematic.
PROS: -not in artificial situations
CONS: -experimenter's expectancies guide data gathering.
-Can't make a causal link between variables.
-Confounding variables.
-No informed consent
-Reactivity effect
Term
Case Studies
Definition
Pros:- less artificial -indepth description.
CONS: -Confounding variables -subjective interpretation -unsystematic -poor generalizability.
Term
Laboratory studies
Definition
PROS: -control -objective -cause-effect
CONS: -ethical limitations -demand characteristics
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