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Exotics
VM 609 Midterm
45
Veterinary Medicine
Professional
09/13/2012

Additional Veterinary Medicine Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Amphibian Toxicities
Definition
many common disinfectants
chlorinated water
high levels of ammonia
pesticides
Term
Amphibian Toxicities Signs
Definition
flaccid paralysis
lethargy
seizures
Term
Reptile Nutritional Neuropathies
Definition
Hypothiaminosis
Biotin deficiency
Hypocalcemia
Term
Hypothiaminosis
Definition
nutritional neuropathy in reptiles
leukoencephalopathy
muscle twitching, incoordination, blindness, seizures, abnormal posturing
Term
Biotin Deficiency
Definition
nutritional neuropathy in reptiles
muscle tremors
weakness
Term
Hypocalcemia
Definition
nutritional neuropathy in reptiles
muscle twitching
tetany
seizures
Term
Proliferative Osteoarthritis and Osteoarthrosis
Definition
neuropathy in reptiles
lytic proliferative spinal lesion
pain, weakness, loss of motor function
progressive
may lead to pathologic fractures
Term
Proliferative Osteoarthritis and Osteoarthrosis Causes
Definition
active bacterial infection (Salmonella, Strep)

inflammatory osteoarthrosis

degenerative osteoarthrosis and ankylosis
Term
Proliferative Osteoarthritis and Osteoarthrosis Treatment
Definition
long term antimicrobial therapy
spinal changes may be permanent
Term
Reptile Toxicities
Definition
Chlorhexidine (2%)
Insecticides
Ivermectin
Fipronil (Frontline)
Term
Paramyxovirus
Definition
infectious neuropathy in reptiles
affects all major snake families
RNA virus
primary respiratory pathogen
Term
Acute/Peracute Paramyxovirus Signs
Definition
nonspecific signs
regurgitation, star gazing, flaccid paralysis
virus can overwhelm the immune system
animals often die of secondary infections
Term
Chronic Poor Doer Paramyxovirus Signs
Definition
anorexia
regurgitation
poor muscle tone
Term
Healthy Paramyxovirus Signs
Definition
may remain asymptomatic for up to 10 months
infected animals eventually become poor doers
Term
Paramyxovirus Diagnosis
Definition
antibody titers
necropsy (liver, kidney, lung, brain)
Term
Paramyxovirus Treatment
Definition
supportive care
prevent secondary bacterial infections
quarantine
Term
Inclusion Body Disease
Definition
infectious neuropathy in reptiles
eosinophilic intracytoplasmic inclusions in epithelial cells and neurons of CNS
can affect all boidae (boas)
affects pythons more than boas
Term
Inclusion Body Disease Histology
Definition
nonsuppurative meningoencephalitis
neuronal degeneration
gliosis
demyelination
Term
Inclusion Body Disease Signs
Definition
can be anything
no signs are pathogneumonic
Term
Inclusion Body Disease Treatment
Definition
no cure
supportive care
Term
Inclusion Body Disease Prevention
Definition
6 month-1 year quarantine for any new reptile
good hygiene between handling other animals
mites may play a role in transmission
Term
Avian Nutritional Neuropathies
Definition
Hypovitaminosis B1 (thiamin)
Hypovitaminosis B2 (riboflavin)
Hypovitaminosis E and Se
hypocalcemia
Term
Hypovitaminosis B1
Definition
avian nutritional neuropathy
deficiency in thiamin
myelin degeneration
treat with parenteral B1
Term
Hypovitaminosis B2
Definition
avian nutritional neuropathy
deficiency of riboflavin
nerve edema and peripheral neuritis
chronic cases may be irreversible
Term
Hypovitaminosis E and Se
Definition
avian nutritional neuropathy
encephalomalacia
Term
Hypocalcemia
Definition
avian nutritional neuropathy
long term diet deficiency combined with decreased vitamin D3
tetany most commonly seen in adult African grey parrots
subtle signs first (head twitching)
progresses to seizures
treatment with parenteral Ca
changes in diet and access to UVB
Term
Avian Toxic Neuropathies
Definition
Lead
Botulism
Organophosphates
Term
Lead Toxicosis in Birds Pathogenesis
Definition
affects CNS and bone marrow
competes with Ca at neuromuscular junction resulting in blockage
inhibits heme synthesis
Term
Lead Toxicosis in Birds Signs
Definition
paresis, paralysis
head tilt
convulsions
Term
Lead Toxicosis in Birds Treatment
Definition
chelation with Ca EDTA
Term
Botulism in Birds Pathogenesis
Definition
toxins from botulism interfere with release of Ach
Term
Botulism in Birds Signs
Definition
ataxia
flaccid paralysis
sudden death
Term
Botulism in Birds Treatment
Definition
anti-toxin and supportive care
Term
Organophosphates in Birds Pathogenesis
Definition
inhibits acetylcholinesterase
birds are 10-20 times more sensitive to acetylcholinesterase inhibitors than mammals
results in continued stimulation of nerve due to build up of Ach
Term
Organophosphates in Birds Signs
Definition
ataxia, tremors
seizures, paralysis
Term
Organophosphates in Birds Treatment
Definition
atropine
Term
Proventricular Dilation Disease
Definition
Macaw wasting disease
affects mainly psittacine birds
viral etiology likely (Bornavirus)
affect peripheral and autonomic nervous systems
Term
Proventricular Dilation Disease Signs
Definition
emaciated, dehydrated
prolonged history of regurgitation and passing undigested seeds
proventriculus is dilated and very thin walled
some cases rupture and result in peritonitis
Term
Proventricular Dilation Disease Diagnosis
Definition
contrast radiography
fluoroscopy with contrast to assess GI motility
biopsy
Term
Proventricular Dilation Disease Treatment
Definition
100% mortality in untreated birds
NSAIDS-COX2 selective (antiviral effects?)-Celaxocib
Vaccination for Clostridium
Metaclopramide
B-complex supplementation
Omega 3 and Omega 6 FAs
Term
Canine Distemper in Farrets
Definition
100% fatal
muscle tremors, salivation, seizures
Term
Encephalitozoon cuniculi
Definition
infectious neuropathy of rabbits
obligate intracellular protozoan parasite
infected through ingestion or inhalation
infective spores shed in urine
Term
Encephalitozoon cuniculi Signs
Definition
head tilt
seizures
encephalomyelitis can lead to motor paralysis
Term
Encephalitozoon cuniculi Treatment
Definition
benzimidazole anthelmintics
dexamethasone
Term
Wobbly Hedgehog Syndrome
Definition
hindlimb paresis and ataxia
progresses to tetraparesis
unknown etiology
supportive care
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