A basic carbohydrate with a six-carbon formula.

e.g. glucose, fructose.

Can not be broken down further into simpler sugars.

Made of more than one monosaccharide.

e.g. starch, cellulose, dextrin.

Can be broken down to monosaccharide molecules by hydrolysis.

Compounds made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. Usually the H:O ratio is 2:1

e.g. sugars and starches

Organic compounds which contain an amine and a carboxyl group.

H

'

   H₂N - C - COOH

 '

  R

A hydrocarbon containing an ester functional group. R-O-C-R

    "

    O

A hydrocarbon containing the carboxyl functional group.

     R-C-O-H

 "

 O

Hydrocarbons which contain the hydroxyl functional group (OH^-) attached to a saturated carbon.

R-O-H

During cracking, long chain hydrocarbons are broken down into smaller molecules.

e.g. C₁₆H₃₄ → C₈H₁₈ + C₈H₁₆

Unsaturated ring structures with six carbon atoms. General formula: C_nH_2n-6

Benzene is the simplest aromatic.

Usually a halogen substitute in alkanes.

e.g. CH₄ + Br₂ ↔ CH₃Br + HBr

carbon forms more compounds than any other element each atom

carbon requires 4 covalent bonds

carbon can form long chains and rings

carbon bonds commonly to O, H, N, S, P, and halogens

In an unsaturated hydrocarbon, two atoms may be added to the structure across a double or triple bond.

e.g. C₂H₂ + Br₂ ↔ CH₂Br₂

The combining of a saturated alkane with an unsaturated alkene.

e.g. C₄H₁₀ + C₄H₈ ↔ C₈H₁₈

A hydrocarbon containing the aldehyde functional group. R-C-H

"

O

A hydrocarbon containing a ketone functional group. R-C-R

"

O