Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Exam 2
Anemia Pt 1
36
Veterinary Medicine
Professional
02/23/2016

Additional Veterinary Medicine Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
What is anemia?
Definition
-decrease in red blood cell mass
Term
What do we use clinically to "diagnose" anemia?
Definition
-PCV = percentage of whole blood composed of erythrocytes
-HCT = calculated value
Term
What are the clinical signs typical of anemia?
Definition
-lethargy
-excercise intolerance
-weakness
-collapse
-pica (mainly cats)
-icterus
-bleeding
Term
What does anemia look like on a physical exam?
Definition
-pale (pallor) or pale pink
-icterus
-tachycardia
-tachypnea
-bounding pulses
-heart murmur (physiologic): at anemia < 25%, left basilar
-weakness
Term
What is the first diagnostic test we run on an anemic patient?
Definition
-PCV/TP
Term
What other tests are important in anemia cases?
Definition
-PCV and hematocrit
-RBC indices: MCV & MCHC
-RBC morphology
-Reticulocyte count: regen vs non-regen
Term
What comes back in a chem panel?
Definition
-TP
-Bilirubin
-kidney values
-electrolytes
Term
What are the Ddx of anemia that you check with abdominal rads?
Definition
-zinc toxicity (penny ingestion)
-peritoneal effusion
-abdominal mass
Term
What are the top anemia Ddx with thoracic rads?
Definition
-pulmonary hemorrhage
-pleural effusion
-neoplasia
Term
What Ddx do we check with an abdominal ultrasound?
Definition
-mass
-GI ulceration
-peritoneal effusion
Term
What is hte major differential for anemia in dogs? How do we test for it?
Definition
-slide agglutination
0diect Coomb's test
-RBC surface antibody test (flow cytometry)
Term
What is the major infectious differential for anemia in cats? How do we test for it?
Definition
-FeLV/FIV
-vector-borne disease testing & fecal flotation
Term
Are bone marrow diseases typically regenerative or non-regenerative anemias?
Definition
-typically non-regenerative
Term
How do we differentiate regenerative and non-regenerative anemias?
Definition
-reticulocyte count
Term
What are the two disease processes under regenerative anemia?
Definition
-hemolysis
-blood loss
Term
What are the 3 disease processes under non-regenerative anemia?
Definition
-pre-regenerative
-secondary bone marrow
-primary bone marrow
Term
What do we see on the CBC.chem results of a regenerative anemia?
Definition
-RBC indices: macrocytic, hypochromic
-reticulocytosis, polychromasia, nRBC
Term
What are the CBC/chem results of a non-regenerative anemia?
Definition
-RBC indices: normocytic, normochromic, microcytic, hypochromic
Term
Are cat anemias more often non-regenerative or regenerative?
Definition
-non-regenerative
Term
What can cause pre-regeneration non-regenerative anemia? How do you determine this?
Definition
-acute blood loss & acute hemolysis
-good history, re-eval of retic count, how sick are htye?
Term
What are the three categories of non-regenerative anemia?
Definition
-pre-regeneration
-primary bone marrow
-secondary bone marrow
Term
What are the 4 common types of primary bone marrow disease? What can cause them?
Definition
-Erythroid hypoplasia/aplasia: immune mediated destruction of RBC precursors, toins/drugs, infections
-Myelophthisis (most common): neoplasia, infection
-Myelofibrosis: diopathic or secondary
-Myelodyspasia
Term
How do we distinguish between erythroid hypoplasia/aplasia and myelophthisis primary bone marrow anemias?
Definition
-Erythroid hypoplasia/aplasia = anemia ONLY
-Myelophthisis = usually other cytopenias
Term
What are the 4 types of secondary bone marrow anemias?
Definition
-anemia of inflammatory disease: anemia of chronic disease (COMMON)
-renal disease
-endocrine disease: hypothyroidism/hypoadrenocorticism
-iron deficiency
Term
What does iron deficiency look like on a CBC?
Definition
-microcytic, hypochromic
Term
What does AID look like on a CBC?
Definition
-inflammatory leukogram
Term
Which type of bone marrow disease does anemia alone on a CBC suggest? What about multiple cytopenias?
Definition
-anemia alone = primary or secondary bone marrow dz
-multiple cytopenias = primary bone marrow
Term
What are the three most common causes of mild anemia? Any exceptions?
Definition
-anemia of inflammatory disease (AID), renal disease, endocrine disease
-exceptions: cats with AID, severe renal disease
Term
What are the common primary bone marrow diseases with a severe anemia? Secondary?
Definition
-erythroid hypoplasia/aplasia, myelophthisis, myelofibrosis, myelodysplasia
-iron deficiency anemia
Term
Past a PT, Chem, and UA, what diagnostics do we use to differentiate the multiple types of anemia?
Definition
***Bone marrow aspirate: cellul
Term
What does a bone marrow biopsy tell us?
Definition
-structure => fibrosis, necrosis, etc
Term
How do we test for FeLV?
Definition
-IFA or PCR on bone marrow sample
Term
How do we test for IMHA?
Definition
-Direct Coomb's test or RBC surface antibody
Term
What are the general therapies for anemai?
Definition
-blood transfusion
-red blood cell production help: vitamin B12, iron (injection or oral), folic acid/vit B9 (oral), erythropoietin supplementation (injection)
Term
How do we treat the primary bone marrow diseases?
Definition
-Erythroid hypoplasia/aplasia (PRCA): immunosuppressive medications
-Myelophthisis: chemo, antimicrobials/antifungals
-Myelofibrosis: immunosuppressive meds, intermittent blood transfusions
Term
How do we treat the forms of secondary bone marrow anemia?
Definition
-anemia of inflammatory disease (AID): treat underlying disease
-renal disease: erythropoietin supplementation
-endocrine disease: treat underlying disease
-iron deficiency anemia: treat underlying disease, iron supplementation
Supporting users have an ad free experience!